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TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 19A Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators Robert A. Hazel OLIVER WYMAN, INC. Reston, VA Jan David Blais JDBASSOCIATES LLC Watertown, MA Thomas J. Browne TJB AVIATION LLC Clifton, VA Daniel M. Benzon TRILLION AVIATION Austin, TX
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- national commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte- nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera- tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici- pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga- nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon- sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden- tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro- fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre- pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 19A Project 01-09 ISSN 1935-9802 ISBN 978-0-309-15538-0 Library of Congress Control Number 20111921215 © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academyâs purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 19A Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Joseph J. Brown-Snell, Program Associate Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Ellen M. Chafee, Editor ACRP PROJECT 01-09 PANEL Field of Administration Christopher A. Poinsatte, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, DFW Airport, TX (Chair) Ismael L. Bonilla, Broward County (FL) Aviation Department, FT Lauderdale, FL Rochelle L. âChellieâ Cameron, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Washington, DC Linda G. Frankl, Columbus Regional Airport Authority, Columbus, OH Ellis L. Johnson, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Joseph E. Richardson, Jr., JERichardson Aviation Services, LLC, Louisville, KY Deborah H. Schwartz, Strategic Aviation Solutions, LLC, Little Rock, AR Elisha Novak, FAA Liaison Liying Gu, Airports Council InternationalâNorth America Liaison Heather M. Krause, US Government Accountability Office Liaison Laura McKee, Air Transport Association of America, Inc. Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACRP Report 19A: Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators was prepared under Airport Coop- erative Research Program (ACRP) Project 01-09. The Project Research Team was composed of prime con- tractor Oliver Wyman, Inc., with subcontractors JDBAssociates LLC; TJB Aviation LLC; Trillion Aviation; Meetings Unlimited LLC; and Creative Strategies Public Relations LLC. The Principal Investigator was Jan David Blais, President of JDBAssociates. Robert Hazel, Partner at Oliver Wyman, served as a Key Researcher, as did Tom Browne, President of TJB Aviation, and Dan Benzon, President of Trillion Avia- tion. Other research support was provided by Eric Ford and Albert Zhong of Oliver Wyman and John DeCoster of Trillion Aviation. Meeting planning and public relations support were provided by Kristin Ballance of Meetings Unlimited and Shawn Flaherty of Creative Strategies. Graphics and production sup- port were provided by Melissa Ureksoy of Oliver Wyman. The authors would also like to thank the large number of individuals who provided vital input to the Resource Guide through their participation in interviews and workshops conducted by the Resource Team. C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S
ACRP Report 19A: Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators provides needed depth and detail on airport performance indicators (APIs) for use in benchmarking and perfor- mance measurement. These APIs are sorted by functional type and their criticality to the air- port strategic plan. More than 800 performance indicators are presented in three main cate- gories: Core, Key, and Other APIs. âCoreâ or fundamental indicators are important for overall operation of the airport and of interest to the CEO or governing board. âKeyâ or departmental indicators are important for the operations of key airport functions and departments. The remaining âOtherâ indicators are considered useful as secondary depart- mental unit performance indicators but not critical to the airportâs overall function. The comprehensive listing of metrics will be useful as a stand-alone document, especially for air- ports already experienced in performance measurement; it will also be useful for airports that know something should be measured but have not identified what to measure or how to measure performance. The guide addresses performance in nearly every functional area at the airport including administration, human resources, properties, engineering, environ- ment (noise/air/water/sustainability), facility and infrastructure maintenance, finance, infor- mation technology, legal, marketing, public relations, operations (airside/landside), and public safety (police/fire/security). An electronic version of the guide, provided with the print version as CRP-CD-94, has complete cross-referencing of all performance indicators to help users find and recognize the performance measures that are most relevant to their functional interest. This guide will interest airport board members, directors, department leaders, and other airport employeesâas well as industry associations and airport planning profession- als and consultants. Under ACRP Project 01-09, a research team led by Oliver Wyman, Inc., reviewed literature related to airport performance measures; reached out to trade associations, government agen- cies, and other experts in the field; and conducted two workshops to solicit industry views on airport performance indicators (APIs). Through this process, the researchers developed an extensive list of APIs that can be used in an airport performance-measurement system. To assist airport practitioners in selecting the APIs that are most appropriate for their particular airport functional interest, each API listing in ACRP Report 19A presents and defines each indicator, suggests methods for collecting relevant data, and, generally, sup- ports the implementation of an airportâs performance-measurement system as described in ACRP Report 19: Developing an Airport Performance-Measurement System. ACRP Report 19A is the third in a series of ACRP publications focused on measuring and managing airport performance. In addition to the previously mentioned ACRP Report 19, readers of this report are encouraged to examine ACRP Report 20: Strategic Planning in the Airport Industry, which provides practical guidance on the strategic planning process. F O R E W O R D By Michael R. Salamone Staff Officer Transportation Research Board
1 Section 1 Overview 1 Types of Airport Performance Indicators 3 Selection of Airport Performance Indicators 4 Core, Key, and Other Airport Performance Indicators 6 Navigating the Resource Guide 8 Self-Benchmarking and Peer Benchmarking 13 Section 2 Airport Performance Indicators Categorized by Functional Area and Type 19 Airfield Operations (AO) 29 Air Service (AS) 43 ARFF (AR) 51 Cargo (CA) 59 Concessions (CN) 69 Energy Management (EN) 81 Environmental (EV) 95 Financial (FN) 121 Fuel (FL) 125 General Aviation (GA) 131 Grants (GR) 137 Human Resources (HR) 153 Information Technology (IT) 157 Legal (LG) 161 Maintenance (MN) 171 Parking (PK) 181 Planning/Construction (PL) 189 Police/Security (PS) 199 Properties/Contracts (PC) 207 Public Affairs (PA) 213 Safety/Risk Management (SR) 229 Service Quality (SQ) 245 Terminal Operations (TO) 250 Section 3 Additional Resources 250 Glossary of Terms 256 Bibliography 261 Alphabetical Index of Airport Performance Indicators C O N T E N T S Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
