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Index
A
Adenylate cyclase, 334
Adults
anaphylactic reactions, 147
arthritis reactions, 21, 24, 187, 189, 194-195, 196, 197
pertussis incidence, 9
rubella vaccination, 23, 24, 39
causality, 3, 4-8, 33-36, 47-48, 59-62
data sources, 38-39, 48-52, 206, 293-294, 337
pertussis vaccination, v, vi, vii, 2, 4-8, 18-19, 32, 38, 46, 50n.3, 52, 323, 348
rubella vaccination, v, vi, vii, 2, 8, 23-24, 32, 38, 46, 52, 71, 328
Advisory Commission on Childhood
Vaccines (ACCV), vi, 325, 326, 329
DPT vaccination and, 72, 94, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 118, 118n.3, 338-339
meta-analysis of data, 52, 115
Agonal anoxia, 125
Airway obstruction, 145
Allergic reactions, 40, 48, 144, 177
Aluminum salts, 70, 116, 153, 347-348
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 17, 321, 324
American Medical Association (AMA), 17, 320
American Psychiatric Association (APA), 162
Anaphylaxis, 40, 47-48, 177, 283
case reports, 146
controlled studies, 146-148
human studies, 146-148
pertussis vaccine and, 8, 71, 146, 149-150, 172, 175
Animal experiments, 4, 39-41, 59, 83, 118, 347
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juvenile diabetes, 160-161
pertussis, 14, 40, 115-116, 333-335
thrombocytopenia, 178
Anoxemia, 89
Antibodies, 40
blood platelet, 199
immunoglobulin, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 192
rubella, 192
blood platelet, 199
in DPT vaccine, 54, 146, 148, 150, 157, 159
rubella, 195
Arachidonic acid metabolism, 144
rubella vaccination and, 8, 21, 24, 55, 188, 191, 192, 195, 196, 328
case reports, 189, 191-193, 196
controlled studies, 39, 189-190, 194, 196
diagnosis, 195
epidemiology, 188
rubella vaccination and, 8, 21, 24, 55, 187, 188, 194-197, 328, 329
rubella vaccination and, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 196
Arthus reaction, 145-146, 148, 150
case reports, 84
controlled studies, 84-85
diagnosis, 84
epidemiology, 83
human studies, 84-85
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 70, 83, 85-86
Association of Parents of Vaccine Damaged Children, 19, 322
Attention deficit disorder (ADD), 4, 161, 162, 163, 164, 283-284
Attributable fraction, 284
Attributable risk, 35, 42, 284
encephalopathy, 104, 114-115, 117, 323
See also Relative risk
diagnosis, 152
epidemiology, 151
human studies, 151-152
B
Bacteremia, 145
Bias, 3, 35, 50, 56, 138, 206, 284
''information bias," 45
in NCES data, 44-45
Biologic plausibility, 3, 4, 54, 59
erythema multiforme, 47-48, 154
hemolytic anemia, 48
radiculoneuritis, 199
sudden infant death syndrome, 140
thrombocytopenic purpura, 201
Birth trauma, 66
Blacks
arthritis incidence, 188
diabetes incidence, 159-160
sudden infant death syndrome and, 126, 127
Bordet, Jules, 320
Bordetella avium, 14
Bordetella bronchiseptica, 14, 334
Bordetella parapertussis, 14
Bordetella pertussis, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14-17, 320
animal studies, 14, 40, 115-116, 333-335
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Bordet-Gengou technique, 11, 17, 320
Brain damage, 162
neurologic illness and, 87
pertussis vaccination and, 91, 101, 149, 321, 323, 325-326
Bronchospasm, 145
C
Campylobacter jejuni, 154
Cardiovascular collapse, 145
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 197, 198
Case-comparison (case-control) studies, 43-45, 59, 284-285
Case Report Review Form, 47, 302-311
Case reports and case series, 3, 4, 8, 46-48, 59, 300
anaphylaxis, 146
aseptic meningitis, 84
encephalopathy, 47, 91-95, 117
erythema multiforme, 152-153
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 155
hemolytic anemia, 158-159
hypsarrhythmia, 80
juvenile diabetes, 160
learning disabilities, 163
peripheral mononeuropathy, 156-157
protracted crying and screaming, 165-166
Reye syndrome, 170-171
sudden infant death syndrome, 128-130, 138
thrombocytopenia, 178
thrombocytopenic purpura, 55, 200
"Catcher's crouch syndrome," 23-24, 191, 197, 198
Causality, 4-8
adverse events, inference of, 3, 33-36, 37-38, 48, 51, 52-55, 56, 59-62
anaphylaxis, 150
arthritis, 197
autism, 152
encephalopathy, 118
erythema multiforme, 154
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 156
hemolytic anemia, 159
hypsarrhythmia, 82
infantile spasms, 77
juvenile diabetes, 161
learning disabilities, 164
neurologic damage, 168-169
peripheral mononeuropathy, 157
radiculoneuritis, 199
Reye syndrome, 171
seizures, 118n.3
shock, 177
sudden infant death syndrome, 130, 141
thrombocytopenia, 179
thrombocytopenic purpura, 201
Cellular hypersensitivity, 67
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 12, 24, 48, 49, 169, 170, 322, 329
Central nervous system (CNS)
complications of pertussis, 11-12
infections, 66, 70, 82, 84-85, 107
inflammation, 89
Cerebral anomalies, 66
Cerebral disorder. See Encephalopathy
Cerebral edema, 169
Cerebral glucose utilization, 163
Cerebral injury, 98
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), 82, 86, 88, 98, 100, 154-155
Child Health and Education Study (CHES), 323-324
Children
arthritis incidence, 188, 190, 191, 195
aseptic meningitis, 83
autism, 151
encephalopathy and seizures, 88, 106, 116
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 155
hypsarrhythmia, 67
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juvenile diabetes, 159
neuropathies, 198
pertussis incidence, 9, 13, 14, 19
pertussis vaccination, 17, 33, 39, 89-90, 127, 321, 322, 324
rubella incidence, 19, 21, 327
rubella vaccination, 22-23, 24, 326-327
sudden infant death syndrome, 125, 127
See also Human studies
Children's Hospital (Boston), 92
Children's Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati), 170
Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago), 81
Chomel, A. F., 154
Chromosomal disorders, 66
Circulating immune complexes (CIC), 194-195
Clinical trials, 34
acellular pertussis vaccines, 18
rubella vaccine, 24
Cohort studies, 42-43, 130, 285
"Compensation for Vaccine-Related Injuries" (OTA), 200
Computed tomography, 66
Confidence intervals, 58, 136, 139, 341-342
Confounding factors, 3, 33, 35, 50, 101, 103-104, 206
Controlled epidemiologic studies, 3, 4, 38-39, 41-46, 59, 285, 300
anaphylaxis, 146-148
arthritis, 39, 189-190, 194, 196
aseptic meningitis, 84-85
encephalopathy, 41, 42, 43, 52, 107-115, 117, 118
hypsarrhythmia, 80-82
infantile spasms, 69-76, 78-79
juvenile diabetes, 160
learning disabilities, 163-164
protracted crying and screaming, 166-168
Reye syndrome, 170
shock, 173-177
sudden infant death syndrome, 130-140
Controlled Study Review Form, 312-319
Convulsions, 71, 87, 88, 98, 101, 106.
See also Afebrile seizures; Febrile seizures; Seizures
Convulsive disorder, 107
Cortical atrophy, 66
Cost-benefit analysis, 1-2, 38
Cross-sectional surveys, 45
Cytomegalovirus, 154
D
Data sources, 293-294
de Baillou, Guillaume, 9-10
Developmental abnormalities, 104, 105
Diagnosis
arthritis, 195
aseptic meningitis, 84
autism, 152
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 154-155, 156
learning disabilities, 164
pertussis, 11
rubella, 20
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA), 162
Dialysis, 347
Diphtheria antibodies, 158
Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine, 2, 4, 8, 39, 42, 338-339
aluminum salts in, 116, 153, 347, 348
immunization schedules, 54-55
and sudden infant death syndrome, 33, 51, 127, 128-129
and ventilatory patterns, 140
See also Pertussis vaccine
Page 359
Disease surveillance systems, 49
Dissatisfied Parents Together, 19, 93, 300, 323, 324
Dose-response relation, 52, 53
DPT: A Shot in the Dark (Coulter and Fisher), vii, 324
Drop seizures, 69
Dyslexia, 161
E
Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment, 327
Electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, 100, 162
hypsarrhythmia, 65, 73, 77, 80-82
Encephalitis, 2, 21, 84, 86, 90, 100, 101, 112, 118. See also Encephalopathy
Encephalomyelitis, 2, 86, 100, 118. See also Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy, 2, 12n.3, 86-88, 149, 285, 347
controlled studies, 41, 42, 43, 52, 107-115, 117, 118
epidemiology, 90
following pertussis, 11-12, 88-89
National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES), 52, 99-107
pertussis vaccination and, vii, 8, 47, 87, 88, 89-90, 91, 117-118, 344-345, 348
in Reye syndrome, 169
Endotoxemia, 145
in DPT vaccine, 148, 149, 150, 166
Enteroviruses, 83
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 192
Epidemiologic studies, 8, 33, 34, 35, 206, 337
resolution, 56-58
See also Controlled epidemiologic studies
Epidemiology
arthritis, 188
aseptic meningitis, 83
autism, 151
encephalopathy, 90
erythema multiforme, 152
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 155
hemolytic anemia, 158
hypsarrhythmia, 77
infantile spasms, 65-66
juvenile diabetes, 159-160
learning disabilities, 162-163
peripheral mononeuropathy, 156
radiculoneuritis, 197-199
Reye syndrome, 170
rubella, 19-22
sudden infant death syndrome, 125, 126-127
thrombocytopenia, 178
thrombocytopenic purpura, 199
pertussis vaccination and, 2, 70, 93-94, 98, 106, 107, 108, 118, 118n.3, 173
Epstein-Barr virus, 154
Error types, 57
case reports, 152-153
epidemiology, 152
human studies, 152-153
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 47-48, 153-154
Experimental studies, 3, 8, 39, 206-207, 285
F
Family income, 126
Febrile convulsions, 72
Febrile seizures, 2, 87-88, 90
meta-analysis of data, 52, 115
pertussis vaccination and, 70, 94, 98-
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99, 106, 107-110, 112, 113, 117-118, 118n.3
Females
arthritis incidence, 21, 24, 188, 189-190, 191, 192-193, 194-195, 196, 197
autism rates, 151
pertussis incidence in, 13, 88
rubella epidemic and, 327
Fever, 172
Finland, 66
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 322-323
Fountain Hospital (London), 92
France, 23
G
Gengou, Octave, 320
German measles. See Rubella
Gregg, Norman McAlister, 327
Group Health Cooperative hospitals, 72, 108, 137
Guillain-Barrè syndrome (polyneuropathy), 46, 285
case reports, 155
epidemiology, 155
human studies, 155
MMR vaccination and, 198
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 155-156
H
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, 72
Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, 153
Hamsters, 335
Handicapped children, 75
Hatch, Orrin G., 324
Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), 192
Hemagglutinin, 334
Hemiparesis, 98
Hemolytic anemia, 38, 46, 157, 178, 285-286
case reports, 158-159
epidemiology, 158
human studies, 158-159
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 48, 159
Hepatitis vaccine, 155
Hess, A. F., 326
Hill, A. B., 52
Histamine, 16, 144, 147-148, 153
Hives, 150
Human immunodeficiency virus, 154
Human studies, 4, 38-39, 59, 206-207, 300
anaphylaxis, 146-148
aseptic meningitis, 84-85
autism, 151-152
erythema multiforme, 152-153
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 155
hemolytic anemia, 158-159
hypsarrhythmia, 80-82
infantile spasms, 67-76
juvenile diabetes, 160
learning disabilities, 163-164
peripheral mononeuropathy, 156-157
protracted crying and screaming, 165-168
radiculoneuritis, 198
Reye syndrome, 170-171
shock, 172-176
sudden infant death syndrome, 128-140
thrombocytopenia, 178
thrombocytopenic purpura, 200
Hyperactivity, 161, 162, 163, 173, 286
Hyperimmunization, 148
Hyperinsulinemia, 16
Hyperkinesis, 162
Hypotonia, 91
Hypotonic diplegia, 67
Hypotonic, hyporesponsive episodes (HHE), 52, 93, 147, 160, 161, 171-177.
See also Shock
Hypotonicity, 286
Hypovolemia, 116
Page 361
Hypsarrhythmia (mountainous arrhythmia), 65, 69, 73, 286
case reports, 80
controlled studies, 80-82
epidemiology, 77
human studies, 80-82
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 67, 77, 82, 98
I
Immune system, 40, 41, 67, 145, 157, 178, 195
Immunization, 286.
See also Vaccination
Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, 127, 128
Immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 192
India, rubella epidemic in, 20
Infantile spasms, 286
controlled studies, 69-76, 78-79
epidemiology, 65-66
human studies, 67-76
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 57, 67, 76-77, 100, 101, 103, 112
Influenza vaccination, 154
"Information bias," 45
Institute of Medicine (IOM), v, vii, 1-2, 325, 326, 328, 329
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 159
Interleukin-1, 145
International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes
anaphylaxis, 147
arthritis, 193
aseptic meningitis, 84
autism, 151
encephalopathy, 94
epilepsy, 95
erythema multiforme, 153
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 155
hemolytic anemia, 158-159
hypotonic, hyporesponsive episodes, 173
infantile spasms, 69
juvenile diabetes, 160
learning disabilities, 163
. peripheral mononeuropathy, 157
radiculitis, 198
Reye syndrome, 171
screaming, 166
seizures, 94
sudden infant death syndrome, 129
thrombocytopenia, 178
thrombocytopenic purpura, 200
International Symposium on Pertussis, 105, 326
Intracerebral mouse protection test, 334-335
Intracranial hemorrhage, 66
Intranasal mouse protection test, 116, 335
Islet-activating protein (pertussis toxin), 160
Italy, 23
J
Japanese encephalitis vaccine, 68
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, 145, 150
"Joint manifestations," 187
animal studies, 160-161
case reports, 160
controlled studies, 160
epidemiology, 159-160
human studies, 160
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 161
K
Kanner, L., 151
L
"Late dysfunction," 105
Page 362
Learning disabilities, 4, 161-162, 173, 286
case reports, 163
controlled studies, 163-164
diagnosis, 164
epidemiology, 162-163
human studies, 163-164
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 164
Longitudinal studies, 106
Lyme disease, 154
Lymphocytosis, 16
Lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF), 18, 94
M
Madsen, Thorvald, 17, 18, 46, 320-321
Males
arthritis incidence, 192-193
autism rates, 151
meningitis rates, 83
sudden infant death syndrome, 126
Masked studies, 286-287
Maternal characteristics, SIDS risk, 126, 127, 136
Measles, 323
Measles immunization, 103
Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, 55, 93, 153, 155, 163, 171, 178, 200, 289
and radiculoneuritis, 198-199
See also Rubella vaccine
Medicaid, 42, 110-111, 137, 327
Megakaryocytes, 200
Meningitis, 84.
See also Aseptic meningitis
Menstrual cycle, 194
Mental retardation, 87, 165-166, 168, 177, 206
Merck Sharp & Dohme Company, 23, 200
Meruvax II, 200
Meta-analysis, 3, 51-52, 56, 58, 115, 138-140, 141, 176, 340-345
Metabolic disorders, 66
meta-analysis, 340-345
power calculations, 37, 56-58, 337-340
Mice, 16, 115-116, 148, 153, 333-335
Microcephaly, 66
Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following Immunization (MSAEFI), 48-49, 287, 300
arthritis, 193
aseptic meningitis, 84
autism, 151
encephalopathy and seizures, 93, 94
erythema multiforme, 153-154
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 155-156
hemolytic anemia, 158-159
hyperactivity and learning disability, 163, 164
infantile spasms, 69
juvenile diabetes, 160
peripheral mononeuropathy, 157
protracted crying and screaming, 166
radiculitis, 198
Reye syndrome, 171
shock, 173
sudden infant death syndrome, 129
thrombocytopenia, 178-179
thrombocytopenic purpura, 200-201
Monitoring System for Illness Following Immunization (MSIFI), 322
Mortality, 1
anaphylaxis, 145
encephalopathy, 88
pertussis vaccination, 18-19, 71, 89-90, 91, 93, 116, 148, 320-321, 322
pneumonia, 92
rubella, 21
shock, 172
sudden infant death syndrome, 125, 126-127, 128, 140, 141
Page 363
Mumps virus, 83
Mycoplasma, 154
Myoclonic seizures, 67
N
National Childhood Development Study, 164
National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES), 322, 323
encephalopathy and seizures, 12, 52, 86, 99-107, 117-118, 344
infantile spasms, 73-74, 76-77, 100, 101, 103
methodology, 44-45, 100-101, 112-113
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (1986), v-vi, 1, 324, 325, 328
National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), 88, 99, 106, 107
National Health Examination Survey (NHES), 188
National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS), 188
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 188
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), v, 326
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), 55
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 126
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 148
National Reye Syndrome Surveillance System, 170
National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC), 325, 329
National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), 326
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), 325, 326, 329
National Vaccine Program (NVP), 325, 328
Netherlands, 55
Neurocutaneous syndromes, 66
Neuroimaging techniques, 66
Neurologic damage, 4, 19, 105, 107, 117, 118, 168-169, 177
Neurologic disability, 88-89, 91
Neurologic disorders, 19, 71, 100
Neurologic illness, 44, 72, 87, 101, 102-103, 104, 113, 323.
See also Encephalopathy
See also Peripheral mononeuropathy
Neurotoxic effect, 67
Neurotransmitter systems, 163
Neurotropic virus infection, 67
Neva, F. A., 22
New and Nonofficial Remedies (AMA), 17, 320
Noncontrolled clinical studies, 46, 287
North West Thames Study, 71, 76, 97, 146-147, 167, 175, 324
Nutritional deficiencies, 12
O
Odds ratio, 34, 43-44, 51-52, 53, 287, 337-338
infantile spasms, 76-77
neurologic illness, 113
sudden infant death syndrome, 136, 138, 341, 342-344
Optic neuritis, 198
Otitis media, 193n.1
P
Paralysis, 100
Paralytic syndromes, 112
Paresis, 156-157
Parke-Davis & Company, 321
Pathologic mechanisms, 206
Perinatal hypoxia, 66
Peripheral mononeuropathy, 4, 46, 287
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case reports, 156-157
epidemiology, 156
human studies, 156-157
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 157
Peripheral neuropathy, vii, 197, 198, 199
Pertussis (whooping cough), 9n.1, 287
complications, 11-12
encephalopathy following, 11-12, 88-89
Pertussis antibody, 158
"Pertussis reaction syndrome," 87
Pertussis toxin (PT), 16, 94, 147, 149, 160, 334, 335
Pertussis vaccine, 1, 13, 39, 44, 45-46, 57, 207, 289
adsorbed vaccines, 54, 55, 98, 167, 289, 347-348
animal models, 40, 41, 333-335
development of, 17-18, 320-326, 334-335
exposure, 3
toxicity, 166-167
whole-cell vaccines, 17, 18, 39, 54, 55
Pertussis vaccine, adverse events, v, vi, vii, 2, 4-8, 18-19, 32, 38, 46, 50n.3, 52, 323, 348
anaphylaxis, 8, 71, 146-150, 172, 175
aseptic meningitis, 4, 70, 83-86
encephalopathy, 8, 47, 87, 88, 89-90, 91-118, 344-345, 348
erythema multiforme, 4, 47-48, 153-154
Guillain-Barrè syndrome, 4, 155-156
hemolytic anemia, 4, 48, 158-159
hypsarrhythmia, 8, 67, 77-82, 98
infantile spasms, 8, 57, 67-77, 100, 101, 103, 112
learning disabilities, 4, 163-164
peripheral mononeuropathy, 4, 157
protracted crying and screaming, 4, 8, 87, 165-169
sudden infant death syndrome, 8, 33, 46, 51, 52, 128-141, 322, 339, 340, 342
"Pertussis vaccine-induced encephalopathy," 87, 117
Pervasive developmental disorders, 151
Physicians, 49
Platelet-activating factor, 144
Platelet counts, 177-178, 199, 200
Pneumonitis, 125
Polio, 321
Polio vaccine, oral (OPV), 68, 71, 84, 93, 153, 155, 158, 163, 170, 171, 178, 321
Polyradiculitis, 154
Positron tomography, 66
Power calculations, 37, 56-58, 337-340
Pregnancy
antibody transmission in, 145
complications, 151
intrauterine infections, 66
rubella transmission in, 19, 20, 22, 327
Primates, 333
Progressive neurologic deterioration, 67
cerebral spinal fluid, 155
pertussis toxin, 16
Protracted crying and screaming
case reports, 165-166
controlled studies, 166-168
human studies, 165-168
pertussis vaccination and, 4, 8, 87, 165, 168-169
Psychomotor retardation, 65, 67
Public Health Service (PHS), 49-50
Q
Quadrigen vaccine, 321
Page 365
R
Rabbits, 333
Radiculoneuritis, vii, 46, 191, 287
epidemiology, 197-198
human studies, 198
rubella vaccination and, 8, 55, 197, 198-199
rubella, 20
Reading disability, 161
"Recall bias," 103
Regan-Lowe technique, 11
arthritis, 196
aseptic meningitis, 84
encephalopathy and seizures, 97, 98, 101, 103-104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111-112, 113, 115, 117, 118, 345
infantile spasms, 72, 73-74, 75, 76
and inference of causality, 4, 34, 51-52, 53, 58, 59-62
sudden infant death syndrome, 51, 131, 138, 140
Report of the Task Force on Pertussis and Pertussis Immunization (AAP), vii
Respiratory complications, pertussis, 11
case reports, 170-171
controlled studies, 170
epidemiology, 170
human studies, 170-171
in NCES data, 100, 103, 105, 107, 112, 170
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 171
Risk-benefit analysis, 1-2, 38
Risk estimates. See Relative risk
Rubella (German measles), 288, 327
arthritis following, 187, 191, 193
complications, 20
diagnosis, 20
epidemiology, 19-22
radiculoneuritis following, 197, 199
thrombocytopenic purpura, 199
Rubella panencephalitis, 21
Rubella vaccine, 1, 22, 39, 55, 289
development of, 22-23, 326-329
exposure, 3
Rubella vaccine, adverse events, v, vi, vii, 2, 8, 23-24, 32, 38, 46, 52, 71, 328
arthritis, 8, 21, 24, 55, 187, 188-197, 328, 329
radiculoneuritis, 8, 55, 198-199
thrombocytopenic purpura, 8, 55, 200-201
S
Salk polio vaccine, 321
aseptic meningitis and, 82
infantile spasms and, 65, 66, 67, 75-76
in NCES data, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 112
pertussis vaccination and, 87, 93-94, 95-97, 118
See also Afebrile seizures; Febrile seizures
Shock, 16, 116, 145, 146, 171-172
controlled studies, 173-177
human studies, 172-176
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 87, 98, 172, 176-177
Sleep apnea, 126
Smallpox vaccine, 68
Social Security Act (1965), 327
Socioeconomic status, 44, 104, 137, 140, 164
Spastic diplegia, 67
Page 366
States
vaccination requirements, v, 17, 321, 328
Statistical analysis, 37
Study of Neurological Illness in Children (SONIC), 74-75, 76, 112-113, 114, 300, 325, 338
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), vii, 93, 288
controlled studies, 130-140
diagnosis, 125-126
human studies, 128-140
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 33, 46, 51, 52, 128, 140-141, 322, 339, 340, 342
SIDS Cooperative Epidemiologic Study, 126, 127, 136
Supplementary Pertussis Surveillance System (SPSS), 12, 13
Switzerland, 23
Synovial membrane infection, 194, 196
T
Tachycardia, 172
Task Force Report on Pertussis, 324
Tennessee Department of Health, 128
Tetanus vaccine, 54, 150, 154, 156, 157, 158
Thrombocytopenia, 21, 46, 177-178, 288
case reports, 178
epidemiology, 178
human studies, 178
pertussis vaccination and, 8, 178-179
Thrombocytopenic purpura, 46, 178, 288
epidemiology, 199
human studies, 200
rubella vaccination and, 8, 55, 200-201
Tokyo Women's Medical College, 68
''Toxic effects," 89
Tuberous Sclerosis Association of Great Britain, 75
Tumor necrosis factor, 145
U
United Kingdom
pertussis mortality in, 14
pertussis vaccination in, 19, 39, 44, 55, 321-322, 325
Reye syndrome incidence, 170
rubella incidence, 22
rubella vaccination in, 23
Vaccine Damage Payment Act, 323
See also National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES)
United States, 322
arthritis incidence, 188
DPT vaccination in, 17, 19, 39, 54, 69, 128, 321, 348
Guillain-Barrè syndrome incidence, 155
infantile spasms incidence, 66
juvenile diabetes incidence, 159
Reye syndrome incidence, 170, 171
rubella incidence, 22, 23, 327
rubella vaccination in, 23, 24, 55, 199, 328
sudden infant death syndrome deaths, 128-129, 140
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 324
University of California, Los Angeles, 323
University of Illinois Medical Center, 81
"Unusual shock-like state," 8
V
Vaccination, v, 1, 9n.2, 47, 288-289
immunization schedules, 54-55
Page 367
vaccine composition, 54, 55, 117
vaccine exposure, 3, 32-33, 34
See also Adverse events
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 49-50
Vaccine Compensation Amendments (1987), v
Vaccine Damage Payment Act (U.K.), 323
Vaccine Supply and Innovation (IOM), vii
Vasculitis, 148
Viral encephalitis, 82, 103, 105, 107
W
Waxman, Henry, 324
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 97, 175
Weller, Thomas H., 22, 23, 327
West syndrome, 65
Whites
arthritis incidence, 188
juvenile diabetes in, 159-160
pertussis incidence, 13
Whooping cough. See Pertussis
Wilkins, Jeanette, 295
World Health Organization (WHO), 13