National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant
Tuberculosis and Leadership of China
and the BRICS

Challenges and Opportunities

SUMMARY OF A JOINT WORKSHOP

by the Institute of Medicine and
the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Steve Olson, Rebecca A. English, and Anne B. Claiborne, Rapporteurs

Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

Board on Health Sciences Policy

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
              OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS     500 Fifth Street, NW     Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The workshop that is the subject of this workshop summary was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN26300023 [Under Base #HHSN263201200074I] and Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139 TO #276; HHSF22301026T [Under Base #HHSF223200810020I]), AbbVie Inc., American Diabetes Association, American Society for Microbiology, Amgen Inc., Association of American Medical Colleges, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, CDC Foundation, Celtic Therapeutics, LLLP, Critical Path Institute, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Eli Lilly & Co. Foundation, Eli Lilly and Company, FasterCures, Fondation Mérieux, Friends of Cancer Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, March of Dimes Foundation, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer Inc., and Sanofi. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-28596-4

International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-28596-8

Additional copies of this workshop summary are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.

Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.

Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.
”      

                                                —Goethe

image

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
              OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advising the Nation. Improving Health.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON THE GLOBAL CRISIS OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AND THE LEADERSHIP OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES1

U.S. Planning Committee

GAIL H. CASSELL (Chair), Harvard Medical School (Visiting)

BARRY R. BLOOM, Harvard School of Public Health

ENRIQUETA C. BOND, QE Philanthropic Advisors

RICHARD E. CHAISSON, Johns Hopkins University

PAUL E. FARMER, Partners In Health, Harvard Medical School

ANTHONY S. FAUCI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

GARY L. FILERMAN, Atlas Health Foundation

GERALD H. FRIEDLAND, Yale University School of Medicine

ELAINE K. GALLIN, QE Philanthropic Advisors

NANCY SUNG, Burroughs Wellcome Fund2

IOM Staff

ANNE B. CLAIBORNE, Forum Director

RITA S. GUENTHER, Program Officer

REBECCA A. ENGLISH, Associate Program Officer

ELIZABETH F. C. TYSON, Research Associate

ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

ROBIN GUYSE, Senior Program Assistant

RONA BRIERE, Consulting Editor

China Liaison Committee Appointed by the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

GUOPING ZHAO (Co-Chair), Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences

LIXIN ZHANG (Co-Chair), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

__________________

1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

2 Nancy Sung was with the Burroughs Wellcome Fund during the planning of the workshop.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Secretaries-in-General

BABAK JAVID, Tsinghua University

YANLIN ZHAO, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Members

LIJUN BI, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

JILONG CHEN, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

XIAOXING CHENG, Division of Research, Institute of Tuberculosis, Beijing 309 Hospital

MIN FANG, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

GEORGE FU GAO, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

QIAN GAO, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University

BAOXUE GE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University

HUI GUO, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

QI JIN, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

MINYONG LI, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University

CUIHUA LIU, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

GANG LIU, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University

MIAOMIAO LIU, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

XUETING LIU, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

KAIXIA MI, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

YUEMAO SHEN, Institute of Medicine, Shandong University

SHUYI SI, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

FUHANG SONG, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

KANGLIN WAN, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

BEINAN WANG, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

HONGHAI WANG, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University

XUEQIONG WU, Institute of Tuberculosis, Beijing 309 Hospital

JIANPING XIE, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University

WANLI XING, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University

LAN XU, International Affairs Office, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

FUPING ZHANG, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

WENHONG, ZHANG, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University

ZONGDE ZHANG, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital

XUYU ZHOU, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Staff

ABIODUN ADEBAYO, Postdoctoral Researcher

CAIXIA CHEN, Postdoctoral Researcher

HUANQIN DAI, Associate Professor

SHAOFENG LI, Lab Secretary

FUHANG SONG, Associate Professor

LAN XU, Deputy Director, International Affairs Office

Workshop Implementation Staff:
Students of Professor Lixin Zhang’s Lab, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Abiodun Adebayo, Elizabeth Ashforth, Chaoxian Bai, Caixia Chen, Jinsong Chen, Xiangyin Chen, Huanqin Dai, Hui Guo, Jianying Han, Wei He, Wenni He, Pei Huang, Xiaopeng Jia, Shaofeng Li, Mei Liu, Miaomiao Liu, Ye Liu, Hanyi Lv, Biao Ren, Fuhang Song, Mengyi Su, Yaojun Tong, Hongfei Wang, Jian Wang, Luoqiang Wang, Qi Wang, Qian Wang, Quanxin Wang, Feng Xie, Na Yang, Jingyu Zhang, Li Zhang, Yuhan Zhang, Ying Zhuo

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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FORUM ON DRUG DISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT, AND TRANSLATION1

JEFFREY M. DRAZEN (Co-Chair), New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, MA

STEVEN K. GALSON (Co-Chair), Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA

RUSS BIAGIO ALTMAN, Stanford University, CA

MARGARET ANDERSON, FasterCures, Washington, DC

HUGH AUCHINCLOSS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD

CHRISTOPHER P. AUSTIN, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD

ANN C. BONHAM, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC

LINDA BRADY, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD

GAIL H. CASSELL, Harvard Medical School (Visiting), Carmel, IN

PETER B. CORR, Celtic Therapeutics, LLLP, New York, NY

ANDREW M. DAHLEM, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN

JAMES H. DOROSHOW, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD

GARY L. FILERMAN, Atlas Health Foundation, McLean, VA

MARK J. GOLDBERGER, Abbott Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD

HARRY B. GREENBERG, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA

PETER HONIG, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, PA

KATHY L. HUDSON, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

LYNN D. HUDSON, Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ

S. CLAIBORNE JOHNSTON, University of California, San Francisco

MICHAEL KATZ, March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, NY

PETRA KAUFMANN, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD

JACK D. KEENE, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC

RUSTY KELLEY, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC

RONALD L. KRALL, University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics, Steamboat Springs, CO

FREDA C. LEWIS-HALL, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY

CAROL MIMURA, University of California, Berkeley

BERNARD H. MUNOS, InnoThink Center for Research in Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, IN

ELIZABETH (BETSY) MYERS, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, New York, NY

JOHN J. ORLOFF, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ

__________________

1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

ROBERT E. RATNER, American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, VA

MICHAEL ROSENBLATT, Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ

JAMES S. SHANNON, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, UK

JANET SHOEMAKER, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC

ELLEN V. SIGAL, Friends of Cancer Research, Washington, DC

LANA R. SKIRBOLL, Sanofi, Washington, DC

BRIAN L. STROM, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia

JANET TOBIAS, Ikana Media and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

JOANNE WALDSTREICHER, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ

JANET WOODCOCK, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD

IOM Staff

ANNE B. CLAIBORNE, Forum Director

REBECCA A. ENGLISH, Associate Program Officer

ELIZABETH F. C. TYSON, Research Associate

ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

ROBIN GUYSE, Senior Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

Reviewers

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:

William Bishai, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine

Jarbas Barbosa da Silva, Jr., Ministry of Health, Federative Republic of Brazil

Martie van der Walt, South African Medical Research Council

Peter K. Yablonskii, National Association of Phthisiatricians and Saint-Petersburg Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, Russian Federation

Wenhong Zhang, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University

Yaping Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Melvin Worth. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.

Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×

Acronyms

AFB acid-fast bacilli
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMFm Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria
API active pharmaceutical ingredient
ART antiretroviral treatment
 
BLF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
BMGF Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
BMI body mass index
BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa
 
CAMELIA Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals
China CDC Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
CIPRA Comprehensive International Program for Research on AIDS
 
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOT directly observed treatment
DOTS Directly Observed Treatment-Short course
DR TB drug-resistant tuberculosis
DST drug susceptibility testing
 
EMR electronic medical record
 
FLD first-line anti-tuberculosis drug
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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GDF Global Drug Facility
GHC Global Health Committee
GLC Green Light Committee
 
H3 Africa Human Heredity and Health in Africa
HBC high tuberculosis burden country
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
 
IMCAS Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
IOM Institute of Medicine
IUATLD International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (“The Union”)
 
K-RITH KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV
 
LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification
LED light-emitting diode
LPA line probe assay
 
MDR TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
MHC major histocompatibility complex
M.tb.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
 
NGO nongovernmental organization
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIH National Institutes of Health
NTM nontuberculous mycobacteria
 
PAS para-aminosalicylic acid
PATRIC Pathosystems Resource Integration Center
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PEPFAR U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
PMDRT programmatic treatment and management of MDR and XDR TB patients
PQR Price and Quality Reporting
 
QFT QuantiFERON-TB test
 
RIF rifampicin
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNTCP Revised National TB Control Program
rRNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid
 
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
×
SAT simultaneous amplification test
SLD second-line anti-tuberculosis drug
 
TB tuberculosis
TBM tuberculous meningitis
TDR TB totally drug-resistant tuberculosis
THINK Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network of KwaZulu-Natal
TST tuberculin skin test
 
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
U.S. CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
UV ultraviolet
UVGI ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
 
VNTR variable-number tandem-repeat
 
WHO World Health Organization
 
XDR TB extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Page xxii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18346.
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Next: 1 Introduction and Overview of the Workshop »
The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS: Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Get This Book
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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, originally developed and introduced in the 1950 and 1960s. Since 2008, the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation of the Institute of Medicine has hosted or co-hosted six domestic and international workshops addressing the global crisis of drug-resistant TB, with special attention to the BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS is the summary of a workshop convened to address the current status of drug-resistant TB globally and in China. This report considers lessons learned from high burden countries; highlights global challenges to controlling the spread of drug-resistant strains; and discusses innovative strategies to advance and harmonize local and international efforts to prevent and treat drug-resistant TB. Additionally, the report examines the problem of MDR TB and emergent TB strains that are potentially untreatable with drugs available and considers the critical leadership role of the BRICS countries in addressing the threats and opportunities in drug-resistant TB.

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