National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18637.
×
Page R11

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

11O0292 PB85-125532/XAB 24"—<-? Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action (Final rept.) Gerstein, D. R. National Research Council, Washington, DC. Corp. Source Codes: O1902600O Sponsor: National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD. Report No.: ISBN-0-3O9-03485-X 1984 187p See also PB82-182924. Sponsored in part by National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD. Summary of a conference held at Washington, DC. on May 20-21, 1983. Languages: English Document Type: Conference proceeding NTIS Prices: PC A09/MF AO1 Journal Announcement: GRAI8505 Country of Publication: United States The conference on which this report is based was convened to generate wider public knowledge and discussion of Alcohol and Public Policy: Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition (1981), the panel's major work. The report begins with an overview of prevention perspectives and continues with chapters on regulating the supply of alcoholic beverages through taxes and defining the responsibility of servers; modes of communication about alcohol, including mass communication and the education 9f young people; and community cooperation to reduce alcohol problems by combining supply-based, educational, and other efforts at prevention in a variety of local and regional contexts. Descriptors: 'Meetings; Alcoholic beverages; Taxes; Regulations; Mass media; Mass communication; Education; Youths ; Communities; Cooperation; Legislation Identifiers: *Alcohol usage; *Public policies; 'Alcohol laws ; Drinking drivers; NTISNASNRC; NTISNIAAA ,^:'- Section Headings: 5D (Behavioral and Social Sciences--Hi story, Law. and Political Science); 5K (Behavioral and Social Sciences--Sociology); 92C* (Behavior and Society-Social Concerns): 92D (Behavior and Society--Education. Law, and Humanities): 91D* (Urban and Regional Technology and Development--Communicat ions); 45D* (Communication--Sociopoli1ical ); 43GE* (Problem Solving Information for State and Local Governments--General)

REFERENCE COPY FOR LIBRARY USE ONLY Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems Government, Business, and Community Action Dean R. Gerstein, editor Summary of a conference held under the auspices of the Panel on Alternative Policies Affecting the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council NAS-NAE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS n n -T- H Washington, D.C. 1984 ucn o" LIBRAR

National Academy Press • 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Standard Book Number 0-309-03485-X Printed in the United States of America

Steering Group Conference on Alcohol Policy Research MARK H. MOORE (Chair), John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University DAN E. BEAUCHAMP, Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina HOWARD BLANE, Department of Rehabilitation Counselling, Graduate School of Education, University of Pittsburgh SHEILA BLUME, Sayville, New York (formerly Medical Director, National Council on Alcoholism) PHILIP COOK, Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs and Department of Economics, Duke University JOHN DOYLE, Chairman of the Board of Directors, National Council on Alcoholism, New York MARILYN GOLD WATER, House of Delegates, Maryland General Assembly ANNE LINDEMAN, Arizona State Senate DONALD MCCONNELL, Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, State of Connecticut JAMES F. MOSHER, Prevention Research Group, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, and Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Education FRANK RAFLO, Board of Supervisors, County of Loudoun, Virginia ROBERT STRAUS, Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky ill

Panel on Alternative Policies Affecting the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism MARK H. MOORE (Chair), John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University GAIL BURTON ALLEN, Department of Psychiatry, St. Luke's- Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York DAN E. BEAUCHAMP, Department of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina PHILIP COOK, Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs and Department of Economics, Duke University JOHN KAPLAN, School of Law, Stanford University NATHAN MACCOBY, Institute for Communication Research, Stanford University DAVID MUSTO, Child Study Center and Department of History, Yale University ROBIN ROOM, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, and Medical Research Institute of San Francisco THOMAS C. SCHELLING, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University WOLFGANG SCHMIDT, Social Sciences Department, Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto NORMAN SCOTCH, School of Public Health, and Department of Socio- medical Sciences and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University DONALD J. TREIMAN, Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles JACQUELINE P. WISEMAN, Department of Sociology, University of California, San Diego DEAN R. GERSTEIN, Study Director ELAINE MCGARRAUGH, Staff Associate BEVERLY R. BLAKEY, Administrative Secretary

Preface When the National Research Council report Alcohol and Public Pol- icy: Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition was published in 1981,1 felt that my colleagues on the project had done their work with signal dedication and grace, and thus our study of policy alternatives for the prevention of alcohol abuse and alcoholism would amply reward anyone's close attention. The managers of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the federal agency that commissioned the study, evidently concurred in this judgment. Shortly after publication of the report, at the request and sponsorship of NIAAA, we began to organize a follow-up conference to discuss the report's findings and recommen- dations. The purpose of the conference was twofold. First, it was intended to generate wider public knowledge and discussion of Alcohol and Public Policy and to stimulate responses not only from researchers but also from practitioners well acquainted with both the competing values and priorities and the difficult administrative and political accommodations that must be reached to accomplish anything in this complex area. Second, we hoped the conference would be an opportunity to learn more about recent prevention efforts, especially local policy initiatives and opportunities for integrating voluntary, private, and governmental action. It is doubtless premature to expect scientific conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of new initiatives, but knowledge of them would benefit and encourage the large, fragmented audience interested in research and development of prevention efforts. vii

Vlll PREFACE The conference was designed and managed by a steering group cho- sen to reflect this agenda. Four of its members made contributions to the original report: political scientist Dan Beauchamp from the Univer- sity of North Carolina, economist Philip Cook from Duke University, attorney-researcher James Mosher from the Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, and myself, a public policy analyst at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. The eight other members brought to the task a remarkable range of experience: psychologist Howard Blane from the University of Pittsburgh and sociologist Robert Straus from the University of Kentucky are veteran researchers and policy advisers; Marilyn Goldwater of the Maryland General Assembly and Anne Lindeman of the Arizona Senate are experienced state leg- islators and health care professionals who have taken active roles in the National Conference of State Legislatures; Connecticut alcohol and drug abuse commissioner Donald McConnell is chair of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors; Frank Raflo is a Virginia businessman, publisher, county supervisor, and chairman of the mental health subcommittee of the National Association of Coun- ties; Nebraska attorney John Doyle is chairman of the national board of directors of the National Council on Alcoholism; and Sheila Blume of New York is a psychiatrist, educator, former New York state alcohol division director, and national leader in the field of research and treat- ment for alcoholism. The conference, held at the National Academy of Sciences on May 20 and 21, 1983, alternated between the perspectives of academic re- searchers and those of policy practitioners. The conference was itself something of a policy experiment in that it combined these groups to try to further their distinct but mutually regarding interests. It began with an overview of the prevention perspective and continued with sessions on selected topics from Alcohol and Public Policy that had sparked the most interest among members of the steering group and represented the broad angles of the report. There were sessions on regulating the supply of alcoholic beverages through taxes and defining the responsibilities of servers; modes of communication about alcohol, including mass communications and education of young people; and community cooperation to reduce alcohol problems by combining supply-based, educational, and other efforts at prevention in a variety of local and regional contexts. In preparing this volume, we did not aim to systematically criticize or take issue with arguments expressed by the conferees. Our goal was rather to capture the incisive, informative character of the conference and make this record accessible and useful to readers. We have taken

PREFACE IX advantage of papers commissioned for each session, transcripts of the discussion, and revised comments and documents submitted afterward by conferees. All of the remarks here were reviewed by their makers at an early stage to ensure the faithful rendering of their ideas, and we have worked hard to maintain that faith while carrying out substantial editorial rearrangements, deletions, and textual amendments for the sake of clarity and continuity. The resulting volume is not a verbatim record of what took place on May 20 and 21, 1983, but it is in our view a unique colloquy of the major points of public policy with which Alcohol and Public Policy is concerned. A central role in communicating with conferees and in gathering and overseeing materials for this volume belongs to National Research Council staff associate Elaine McGarraugh. We are also grateful for the invaluable assistance of Beverly Blakey, administrative secretary to the panel, and for the timely support offered by the staff of the National Research Council's Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, the Office of Public Affairs, and the Meetings Office. Joan White, our project officer at NIAAA, has been thoughtful and sup- portive throughout this enterprise. We must acknowledge collec- tively the aid of over 100 individuals in more than 30 organizations who helped us identify the right people to appoint to the steering group and to invite to the conference. The support of the panel for the decision to extend our mandate to include the follow-up conference and this volume is deeply appreciated. The task has been enriched and eased by the talents of our study director and editor of this volume, Dean Gerstein. The final and largest share of thanks must be reserved for the thought- ful, committed people who attended the conference and are represented in the pages that follow. MARK H. MOORE, Chair Panel on Alternative Policies Affecting the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Contents INTRODUCTION 1 Conceptual Dimensions of Alcohol Problems, 2 Focusing on Prevention Efforts, 4 Important Issues in Alcohol Policy, 7 Conclusion, 9 PREVENTION AND THE COMMUNITY 11 Public Health Ideals and National Objectives, 11 Political Realities at the Statehouse, 13 Community Movers and Shakers, 16 Comments on Prevention Approaches, 19 TAXING AND SPENDING 24 Increasing the Federal Alcohol Excise Tax, 24 More Data on Tax Policy, 33 Comments on Tax Policy, 38 Tax Policy and Legislative Coalitions, 43 More Comments on the Policy Process, 46 ENGAGING THE BUSINESS SECTOR 57 A New Direction in Alcohol Policy: Comprehensive Server Intervention, 57 The Role of the State Alcohol Authority, 68 XI

Xll CONTENTS The Corporate Role in Preventing Alcohol Abuse, 71 Comments on the Intersection of the Public and Private Sectors, 72 5 ALCOHOL AND THE MASS MEDIA 79 Television Programming, Advertising, and the Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems, 79 Drinking in Prime Time: Show Business Responsibility, 96 Advertising Alcohol: A Respectable, Billion-Dollar-A-Year Business, 99 Comments on Alcohol and the Mass Media, 103 6 ALCOHOL, YOUTH, DRUNK DRIVING 110 What Parents Can Do, 110 What Schools Can Do: A Philadelphia Story, 117 Research Approaches to Primary Prevention, 120 Preventing Drunk Driving, 124 Comments on Alcohol, Youth, and Drunk Driving, 126 7 COMMUNITY COOPERATION TO REDUCE ALCOHOL PROBLEMS 137 Altering the Drinking Environment at the County Level, 137 Regulation and Education in a University Community, 145 Comments on Community Cooperation and Knowledge Dissemination, 153 REFERENCES 162 PARTICIPANTS, CONFERENCE ON ALCOHOL POLICY RESEARCH . ................. 171

Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems

Next: INTRODUCTION »
Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!