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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18736.
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E

Glossary

NOx or mononitrogen oxides: Refers to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are compounds formed during combustion.

Phase I Rule (or Phase I Regulations): Regulation jointly promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on September 15, 2011, and published in the Federal Register (76 Fed. Reg. 5710 et seq.).

Phase One Committee: Committee of the National Research Council, formally the Committee to Assess Fuel Economy Technologies for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, which held its first meeting in December 2008 and delivered its final report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, in March 2010.

Phase One Report: Report issued in 2010 by the National Research Council and published by the National Academies Press entitled Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles.

volume limited: For trucks involved in goods movement, “volume limited” refers to the situation in which the density of the freight is such that cargo volume is maximized without reaching the combined gross vehicle weight limit (typically 80,000 pounds for a Class 8 vehicle).

well to wheels: Specification for the envelope or boundary of an analysis defined to include and/or quantify the following: the extraction of the resource (e.g., petroleum or natural gas), the ultimate combustion of the fuel in the vehicle, and all steps in between to include refining, conversion, delivery, and so forth.

weight limited: For trucks involved in goods movement, “weight limited” refers to a situation in which the freight is sufficiently gravimetrically dense (as in the case of beverages, for instance) that the combined gross vehicle weight limit is reached (typically 80,000 pounds for a Class 8 vehicle).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Glossary." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2014. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18736.
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Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs.

This report comprises the first periodic, five-year follow-on to the 2010 report. Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two reviews NHTSA fuel consumption regulations and considers the technological, market and regulatory factors that may be of relevance to a revised and updated regulatory regime taking effect for model years 2019-2022. The report analyzes and provides options for improvements to the certification and compliance procedures for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; reviews an updated analysis of the makeup and characterization of the medium- and heavy-duty truck fleet; examines the barriers to and the potential applications of natural gas in class 2b through class 8 vehicles; and addresses uncertainties and performs sensitivity analyses for the fuel consumption and cost/benefit estimates.

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