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Culture Matters: International Research Collaboration in a Changing World: Summary of a Workshop (2014)

Chapter: Appendix B: Guiding Questions for the Breakout Sessions

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Guiding Questions for the Breakout Sessions." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. Culture Matters: International Research Collaboration in a Changing World: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18849.
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Page 61
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Guiding Questions for the Breakout Sessions." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2014. Culture Matters: International Research Collaboration in a Changing World: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18849.
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Page 62

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Appendix B Guiding Questions for the Breakout Sessions 1) What is culture? a. To what extent is this a monolithic notion? b. How many cultures does one belong to and/or represent? i. Region/nation, SES, class/caste, education, language, religion, gen- der, age ii. Sector-academia, government, industry, public c. To what extent do institutions and organizations bridge or cross cul- tures? d. Can culture be removed from human and organizational interactions? e. How does culture relate specifically to the content area covered in this breakout group? 2) What are international research agreements? a. Are there cultural notions about research? i. Does it depend on the field or topic? b. Are there cultural notions about agreements? i. Oral/interpersonal agreements, ‘handshakes’ ii. Legal/written agreements iii. Implied vs. explicit agreements c. How do international research agreements relate specifically to the content area covered in this breakout group? 3) How does culture influence such agreements? How do [culture and in- ternational agreements] specifically relate to the topic area of this breakout group? a. Process i. Getting the right people identified and meeting together ii. How to structure the discussion and negotiation iii. Bribery, influence, connections, conflicts of interest 61

62                   Culture Matters: International Research Collaboration in a Changing World  b. Content  i. Who, what, when, why, and how…..?  ii. Rights, roles, responsibilities  iii. Sticking points, what must be said, what can’t be said 

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In an increasingly interconnected world, science and technology research often transects international boundaries and involves researchers from multiple nations. This paradigm provides both new opportunities and new challenges. As science and technology capabilities grow around the world, United States-based organizations are finding that international collaborations and partnerships provide unique opportunities to enhance research and training. At the same time, enhancing international collaboration requires recognition of differences in culture, legitimate national security needs, and critical needs in education and training.

Culture Matters is the summary of a workshop convened by the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) in July 2013 to address how culture and cultural perception influence and impact the process by which research agreements are made and negotiated across international boundaries. In this workshop, "Culture Matters: An Approach to International Research Agreements", representatives from around the world and from GUIRR's three constituent sectors - government, university, and industry - gathered to provide input into four specific meeting tracks or domains. The tracks focused on research and agreements affecting or involving people/human subjects; environmental and natural resources; science, engineering, and manufacturing; and agriculture and animal issues. This report examines each of these domains and the role that culture and cultural expectations may have in the forging and implementation of international research agreements.

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