National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: References
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

Appendix

Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

Peter Reuter (Chair) is a professor in the School of Public Policy and the Department of Criminology at the University of Maryland, College Park. He is also a senior economist at RAND and, currently, a visiting fellow at the Center for Global Development. He founded and directed RAND’s Drug Policy Research Center, a multidisciplinary research program. Much of his research has dealt with alternative approaches to controlling drug problems, both in the United States and Western Europe. In recent years, he has also focused on money laundering control and on the flows of illicit funds from developing nations. He served as the first president of the International Society for the Study of Drug Policy. He has a Ph.D. in economics from Yale University.

Emily Backes, who served as a research associate for this project, has also worked on a project on juvenile justice reform for the Committee on Law and Justice at the National Research Council. She previously worked with the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. She has a B.A. and an M.A. in history from the University of Missouri.

Martin Bouchard is an associate professor of criminology at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada, and director of the International Cybercrime Research Centre. Previously, he was a postdoctoral fellow in criminology at the University of Maryland. His work focuses on the organization and dynamics of illicit markets and on examining the impact of social networks in various criminal career outcomes. He has published extensively

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

on methodologies to estimate the size of illicit markets and has led numerous research projects on this topic that have been funded by the Canadian government. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Montreal, Canada.

Frank J. Chaloupka is a distinguished professor of economics and public health at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is also director of the university’s Health Policy Center and its Collaborating Center for the Economics of Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization. He is an affiliate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and he directs Impacteen, a collaboration funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that investigates common threats to adolescent health, such as obesity, substance abuse, and tobacco use. His research focuses on the impact of economic, policy, and environmental influences on health behaviors and their consequences, including tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, diet, and physical activity. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the City University of New York.

Philip J. Cook is ITT/Sanford professor of public policy and professor of economics and sociology at Duke University. He has conducted research on various aspects of public health policy, social policy, and crime and criminal justice, with a sustained focus on gun violence and gun policy. He serves as co-organizer of the Workshop on the Economics of Crime of the National Bureau of Economic Research. His current work is in the areas of truancy prevention, school crime prevention, school trajectories, prisoner reentry, economics of crime prevention, and alcohol control policy. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine and an honorary fellow of the American Society of Criminology and of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California at Berkeley.

Matthew C. Farrelly is a chief scientist and senior director of the Public Health Policy Research Program at RTI International. His work focuses on tobacco control, specializing in cigarette excise taxes, state tobacco control programs, mass media campaigns, and policy interventions. His recent research has focused on understanding how youth and adults respond to antismoking campaign messages. He has extensively studied New York’s tobacco control program, which has been successful in reducing smoking with a combination of restrictions on smoking in public places, a hard-hitting antismoking campaign, and high cigarette excise taxes. He has a B.A. in economics and French from Indiana University and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Maryland at College Park.

Geoffrey T. Fong is professor of psychology and of public health and health systems at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, and a senior

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

investigator at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. He is founder and chief principal investigator of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project, an interdisciplinary collaboration of more than 100 researchers in 22 countries around the world that evaluates the impact of the tobacco control policies of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization. He has also conducted research on the effects of alcohol intoxication on risky health behaviors (e.g., risky sex) and on the creation, implementation, and evaluation of behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among inner-city adolescents. He has a B.A. in psychology from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Michigan.

Rachel A. Harmon is the Sullivan & Cromwell professor of law at the University of Virginia. Her research focuses on the legal regulation of law enforcement. Previously, she served as a prosecutor in the Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division at the U.S. Department of Justice, prosecuting hate crimes and official misconduct cases, many of which involved excessive force or sexual abuse by police officers. Prior to that position, she clerked for Judge Guido Calabresi of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and Justice Stephen Breyer of the U.S. Supreme Court. She has an M.Sc. in political theory and an M.Sc. in political sociology, both with distinction, from the London School of Economics, and a J.D. from Yale Law School.

Edward R. Kleemans is a professor in the School of Criminology and in the Faculty of Law at VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and director of a research program on empirical and normative studies in the Faculty of Law. He is also engaged in the Dutch Organized Crime Monitor, a systematic, continuing research program of the Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and VU University, Amsterdam. His research focuses on organized crime, including drug trafficking, human smuggling, human trafficking, fraud and money laundering, social organization, embeddedness, and the interaction between offenders and the criminal justice system. Previously, he was head of the Crime, Law Enforcement, and Sanctions Research Division of WODC in the Hague. He has a graduate degree in public administration and public policy and a Ph.D., both with the highest possible distinction, from Twente University, the Netherlands.

Conrad Phillip Kottak is the Julian H. Steward collegiate professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Michigan. His focus is the “new ecological anthropology,” an approach that considers each society’s place in the modern world economy to be just as crucial as its environmental setting. He has conducted pioneering studies of societies in Brazil, the Buganda of

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

Africa, and the Betsileo and Merina of Madagascar that exemplify this approach. This interest links his earlier work on ecology and state formation in Africa and Madagascar to his more recent research on global change, national and international culture, and the mass media. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has an A.B. from Columbia College and a Ph.D. from Columbia University.

Michael Levi is professor of criminology at Cardiff University, Wales. His international research is focused on the organization and control of white-collar and organized crime, corruption, and money laundering. He is a member of the European Commission’s Group of Experts on Corruption and of the World Economic Forum’s Illicit Trade and Organised Crime Council. He is also a scientific expert to the Council of Europe’s Committee on Organised Crime, and he has served as an adviser to the strategy unit on organized crime and money laundering issues for the prime minister of the United Kingdom. He is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and a fellow of the Learned Society of Wales and a senior fellow at Rand Europe. He has a B.A. and an M.A. from the University of Oxford, a diploma in criminology from Cambridge University, a Ph.D. from Southampton University, and a D.Sc. in economics from Cardiff University, all in the United Kingdom.

Malay Majmundar, who served as study director for this project, is a senior program officer for the Committee on Law and Justice in the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education at the National Research Council. He has previously worked on studies on criminal justice, immigration enforcement and statistics, demography and population aging, and federal budget policy. He has a B.A. in political science from Duke University, a J.D. from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in public policy from the University of Chicago.

Emily Owens is an associate professor of criminology at the University of Pennsylvania. She studies a wide range of topics in the economics of crime, including policing, sentencing, and the impact of local public policies on criminal behavior. She focuses primarily on the effect of government regulations on crime, which includes studying how government policies affect the prevalence of criminal activity as well as the structure and response of the criminal justice system. Her current work includes research projects on police training and performance, alcohol regulation, immigration policy, and economic development programs. Previously, she was at Cornell University in policy and management. She has a B.S. in applied math and economics

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

from Brown University and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Maryland.

Vaughan W. Rees is a lecturer on social and behavioral sciences and interim director of the Center for Global Tobacco Control at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research on tobacco control encompasses several interrelated domains, including assessment of tobacco product design, potential for dependence, product use and individual risk, and control of tobacco harms through policy and other interventions. His other research interests involve design and evaluation of interventions to reduce tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among underserved populations, including people in public housing settings. He has a B.Sc. (Hons) from Monash University, Australia, and a Ph.D. from the University of New South Wales, Australia.

Julie Anne Schuck is a senior program associate at the National Research Council, where she has worked for the Committee on Law and Justice and other committees in the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Her work has covered projects on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education; privacy protection and terrorism prevention; the science of human-system integration; and, most recently, on reform efforts in juvenile justice and the growth of incarceration in the United States. She has an M.S. in education from Cornell University and a B.S. in engineering physics from the University of California, San Diego.

Anthony D. So is director of the Program on Global Health and Technology Access and professor of the practice of public policy and global health at the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University and the Duke Global Health Institute. He has been principal investigator for projects with the Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance and the American Cancer Society that examined the evidence of illicit trade and the political economy of tobacco across seven countries in Southeast Asia. Previously, he served as associate director of the Rockefeller Foundation, where he launched the “Trading Tobacco for Health” initiative and as a White House Fellow in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, where he developed the department’s first, online public service announcement, “Smoke-Free Kids and Soccer.” He also formerly served on the National Interagency Council on Smoking and Health. He is a recipient of the Robert Wood Johnson Investigator Award in Health Policy Research. He has a B.A. in philosophy and biomedical sciences and an M.D. from the University of Michigan and an M.P.A. from Princeton University.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×

Klaus von Lampe is an associate professor in the Department of Law, Police Science, and Criminal Justice Administration at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. He has conducted research on the emergence and functioning of illegal markets and illegal power structures, using the illegal cigarette trade as a case study. His other research interests include drug trafficking, strategic crime analysis, and crime prevention. Previously, he worked as a researcher at Free University Berlin. He is editor-in-chief of Trends in Organized Crime, a member of the editorial board of Crime, Law and Social Change, coeditor of the Cross-border Crime Colloquium book series, and host of the Organized Crime Research website (http://www.organized-crime.de). He graduated from the law and political science programs at Free University Berlin, Germany, and has a doctoral degree from Goethe University Frankfurt and Main, Germany.

Heather Wipfli is an assistant professor in the Department of Preventive Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine and the associate director for the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California. Her research focuses on international cooperation and governance approaches to improve health, specifically in regard to global chronic disease control, including tobacco use, obesity, and exposure to air pollution. Previously, she directed research and training for the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and worked on the development of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control at the World Health Organization. She has published work on global tobacco control, globalization and health, capacity building in low- and middle-income countries, and health security. She has a Ph.D. in international studies from the Graduate Institute of International Studies at the University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 221
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 222
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 223
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 224
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 225
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff." National Research Council. 2015. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19016.
×
Page 226
Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $54.00 Buy Ebook | $43.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets.

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues.

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!