National Academies Press: OpenBook

Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys (1984)

Chapter: Front Matter

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1984. Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19385.
×
Page R11

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD 1O91O31 AD•A146 313/2/XAB OtJ"OL *J" Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys. Report of the Committee on Application Potential for Ductile Ordered Alloys (Final rept. 2 May 83-1 Nov 84) Bement , Jr., A. L. ; Liu. C. T. ; Schaf f hauser , A. National Materials Advisory Board (NRC), Washington. DC. Corp. Source Codes: O45528OOO; 405114 Report No.: NMAB•419 31 Aug 84 1 lOp Languages: English NT IS Prices: PC AO6/MF AO1 Journal Announcement: GRA18501 Country of Publication: United States Contract No. : MOA9O3-82•C•0220 The unique mechanical properties of ordered alloys that make them attractive for structural applications are described. A major difficulty with these alloys has been a lack of ductility; however. 1n recent years several methods of ductility 1mprovement have been developed. These techniques are discussed. Current research efforts worldwide are reviewed, and 1t 1s concluded that the U.S. effort, although substantially smaller than 1t was 15 years ago. 1s yielding the most significant progress 1n the development of ductile DrRaymondFD k ordered alloys. A number of possible generic applications are Vice President Resear su"ested for the newly developed ductile ordered alloys. Michigan Technologic; 1ncluding applications 1n gas turbine engines. rocket propulsion systems. and space power systems. Areas where additional engineering data are required about these alloys are identified and a phased program of data acquisition is recommended. It 1s emphasized that there is a great need for materials processing 1nformation. Areas for scientific research also are 1dentified. Finally. 1t is concluded that the properties of the newly developed ductile ordered alloys appear to be sufficiently promising to warrant a coordinated __________ program for the application of these alloys to be undertaken. Manager. Organic Poly (Author) !.B.M•C9rP°ration Descriptors: "Order disorder transformations; 'Alloys; •Structures; Ductility; Mechanical properties; Gas turbines; Engines; Rocket propulsion; Power supplies; Space systems; Materials; Processing Identifiers: NTISDOOXA Section Headings: 11F (Mater ial s• •Metal lurgy and Metallography); 71N (Materials Sciences• -Nonferrous Metals and Al toys) MEMBERS Dr. James C. Burrows Vice President Charles River Associa 2(X) Clarendon Street John Hancock Tower. Boston, MA 021 16 Houghton. M1 49931 Mr. Edward J.Dulis President Crucible Research Cen Coll 1ndustries 1nc P.O. Box 88 Piltshurg.PA 15230 Dr. James Economy K42•282 Monterey & Ci San Jose. CA 95114 Dr. Merton C. Flemings Professor and Chairmar Department of Material and Engineering Massachusetts 1nstitute Technology Cambridge. MA 02139 >. Brian R.T. Frost >enior Metallurgist, Materials Science and Technology Division ™£Te National Laboratory i700 South Cass Avenue Vrgonne, 1L 60439 >r. Serge Cratch >irector. Material and Chemical Sciences Laboratory esearch Staff ord Motor Company XX) Rotunda Drive earborn,M148l21 ice v Professor of :iences and Geophysics rsity V02138 ;lichter •tor. Research :e and >ivision >ratories venue 37974 -ogely •ad lineral te University PA 16802 hanics echanical Engineering 015 Los Angeles, CA 90024 Dr. R. Byron Pipes Director, Center for Composite Materials Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Delaware Newark, DE 19711 Dr. Dennis W. Readey Professor and Chairman, Department of Ceramic Engineering Ohio State University 2041 College Road Columbus, OH 43210 estwood >r Martin Marietta Labs Martin Marietta Corporation 1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore. MD 21227 NMAB STAFF K M. Zwilsky, Executive Director S.M. Barkin, Associate Executive Director 8/84 I

Unclassified CLASS1F1CAT1ON OF TH1S PAGE REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1* REPORT SECUR1TY CLASS1F1CAT1ON Unclassified ID RESTR1CT1VE MARKINGS 2» SECUR1TY CLASS1F1CAT1ON AUTHOR1TY Defense Advanced Research I'l•uJcct .s Agency 2b. DECLASS1F1CATON / DOWNGRAD1NG SCHEDULE 3. D1STR1BUT1ON/AVAILAB1L1TY Of REPORT Cleared for Open Publication 4 PERFORMING ORGAN1ZAT1ON REPORT NUMBERtS) NMAB-419 MON1TOR1NG ORGAN1ZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) w NAME Of PERF.ORMiNG ORGANIZAT1ON National Materials Advisory Bd. National Research Council 6b OFF1CE SYMBOL (ff NMAB 7» NAME OF MON1TOR1NG ORGAN1ZAT1ON Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 6c ADDRESS (Dry, State, and ZlPCodt) 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 7b ADORE SS(C*r, State, and 21 f Code) 1400 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22209 S*. NAME OF FUND1NG/SPONSOR1NG ORGAN1ZAT1ON Bb OFF1CE SYMBOL •or *pp«ea6fr) DARPA 9 PROCUREMENT 1NSTRUMENT 1DENT1F1CAT1ON NUMBER . MDA-83-C-0220 8c ADDRESS (Crty, State, and Z1P Code) 10 soO*ci OF FUND1NG •NUMBERS PROGRAM ELEMENT NO PROJECT NO TASK NO WORK UN1T ACCESS1ON NO. 11. T1TLE (1nclude Security Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys (Unclassified) 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Committee on Application Potential for Ductile Ordered Alloys 13a TYPE OF REPORT Final 13b T1ME COVERED FROM 5/2/83 TO 11/1/84 14 DATE OF REPORT (Tear. Month, Day; llS. PAGE COUNT August 31, 1984 I 109 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTAT1ON 17 COSATi CODES F1ELD GROUP SUB•GROUP IB SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverie if neceoary and identify by block number) Design data Military applications Research Ductility Nickel-aluminum alloys Gas turbines Processing Iron-aluminum alloys Titanium-aluminum alloys 9. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverie if necessary and identify by block number) The unique mechanical properties of ordered alloys that make them attractive for structural applications are described. A major difficulty with these alloys has been a lack of ductility; however, in recent years several methods of ductility improvement have been developed. These techniques are discussed. Current research efforts worldwide are reviewed, and it is concluded that the U.S. effort, although substantially smaller than it was a 15 years ago, is yielding the most significant progress in the development of ductile ordered alloys. A number of possible generic applications are suggested for the newly- developed ductile ordered alloys, including applications in gas turbine engines, rocket propulsion (continued on back) 20 D1STR1BUT1ON/AVA1LAB1LlTY OF ABSTRACT D UNCLASS1F1ED/UNLIM1TED O SAME AS RPT. Q DTlC USERS 21. ABSTRACT SECUR1TY CLASS1F1CAT1ON Unclassified . • NAME OF RESPONS1BLE 1ND1V1DUAL Ben A. Wilcox 22b TELEPHONE (1nclude Area Code) 2b TELEPHONE (IncluOt (703) 694-1303 22c. OFF1CE SYMBOL DARPA DD FORM 1473, B4 MAR B3 APR edition may be ui*d until e*h«u«eo All other edition* are obsolete SECUR1TY CLASS1F1CAT1ON OF TH1S PAGE

19. Abstract (cont.) systems, and space power systems. Areas where additional engineering data are required about these alloys are identified and a phased program of data acquisition is recommended. It is emphasized that there is a great need for materials processing information. Areas for scientific research also are identified. Finally, it is concluded that the properties of the newly developed ductile ordered alloys appear to be sufficiently promising to warrant a coordinated program for the application of these alloys to be undertaken.

REFERENCE COPY FOR LlBRARY. USE ONLY STRUCTURAL USES FOR DUCTILE ORDERED ALLOYS Report of the Committee on Application Potential for Ductile Ordered Alloys NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council NMAB-419 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1984 NAS-NAE SEP 14 1984 LIBRARY

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which established the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. This study by the National Materials Advisory Board was conducted under Contract No. MDA 903-83-C-0220 with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. Government. This report is for sale by the Defense Technical Information Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia 22312. Printed in the United States of America. 11

ABSTRACT The unique mechanical properties of ordered alloys that make them attractive for structural applications are described. A major difficulty with these alloys has been a lack of ductility; however, in recent years several methods of ductility improvement have been developed. These techniques are discussed. Current research efforts worldwide are reviewed, and it is concluded that the U.S. effort, although substantially smaller than it was a 15 years ago, is yielding the most significant progress in the development of ductile ordered alloys. A number of possible generic applications are suggested for the newly developed ductile ordered alloys, including applications in gas turbine engines, rocket propulsion systems, and space power systems. Areas where additional engineering data are required about these alloys are identified and a phased program of data acquisition is recommended. It is emphasized that there is a great need for materials processing information. Areas for scientific research also are identified. Finally, it is concluded that the properties of the newly developed ductile ordered alloys appear to be sufficiently promising to warrant a coordinated program for the application of these alloys to be undertaken. iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Drs. C. T. Liu and Anthony Schaffhauser contributed data and made helpful comments during committee deliberations. Dr. G. Malcolm Stocks, also of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, provided references to work on the theory of alloys.

NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD Committee on Application Potential for Ductile Ordered Alloys Chairman DAVID P. POPE, Professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Members MARTIN J. BLACKBURN, Manager, Materials Development and Processing, Commercial Engine Division, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford, Connecticut THOMAS F. KEARNS, Research Staff Member, Science and Technology Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia CHARLES S. KORTOVICH, Section Manager of Surfaces and Structures Technology, TRW Aircraft Components Group, Euclid, Ohio DONALD E. MIKKOLA, Professor, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton NEIL E. PATON, Director, Materials and Design Engineering, Rockwell International, Rocketdyne Division, Canoga Park, California DAVID I. ROBERTS, Manager, Materials Engineering and Testing, GA Technologies, Inc., San Diego, California MICHAEL J. STALLONE, Manager, Applied Stress and Dynamics, General Electric Company, Cincinnati, Ohio NORMAN S. STOLOFF, Professor of Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York Liaison Representatives PAUL S. FOPIANO, Metals and Ceramics Laboratory, Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, Watertown, Massachusetts HARRY A. LIPSITT, Head, High Temperature Branch, Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio DONALD E. POLK, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia vii

JOSEPH STEPHENS, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio BEN A. WILCOX, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, Arlington, Virginia STANLEY WOLF, Division of Materials Science, Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. NMAB Staff JOSEPH R. LANE, Staff Officer viii

CONTENTS Page 1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1 Summary 5 2 CONSTITUTION, PROPERTIES, AND CURRENT STRUCTURAL USES 7 Introduction 7 Characteristics of Ordered Alloys 10 Current Structural Uses of Ordered Alloys 32 Concluding Remarks 32 References 33 3 CURRENT RESEARCH ON ORDERED ALLOYS 41 U.S. Efforts 41 Japanese Efforts 42 Soviet Efforts 43 European Research on Ordered Alloys 45 Concluding Remarks 45 References 45 4 POTENTIAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPLICATIONS 49 Applications of New Alloys 50 Qualification and Incorporation Planning for New 54 Materials Some Potential Applications 56 References 68 5 AVAILABLE DATA ON DUCTILE ORDERED ALLOYS 69 Engineering Data 69 Scientific Data 77 References 84 6 PROCESSING OF DUCTILE ORDERED ALLOYS 87 Introduction 87 Current Production Methods 87 Production Scale-up Considerations 91 Summary-Processing 95 References 95

TABLES AND FIGURES Page Table 1 Dislocation Morphologies in Some Ordered Alloys 11 Table 2 Properties of Intermetallic Compounds 12 Table 3 Aluminide Mechanical Properties 18 Table 4 Rapid Solidification of Aluminides 24 Table 5 Comparison of Creep Properties of Advanced LRO 28 Alloys and Nickel Aluminides with Commercial Alloys Table 6 Compilation of Research Efforts on Ordered 42 Alloys in the United States Table 7 New Systems in the Department of Defense Plans 52 Table 8 Gas Turbine Engine Metal Components-Material 58 Property Requirements and Failure Modes Table 9 Typical MIL Handbook 5 Data Requirements 71 Figure 1 (a) At low temperatures: CuZn has the cesium chloride B2 long-range-ordered structure and (b) Cu^Au has the face centered cubic-based Ll£ structure Figure 2 Elastic Moduli of Fe-20.8, A1-4.1B, and A-286 Figure 3 Effect of deviations from stoichiometry on the flow stress of Ni3Al and N i-^Ga at 77°K and room temperature Figure 4 Effect of composition on the temperature dependence of yielding of binary Ni 3A1 alloys 8 13 16 16

Next: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS »
Structural Uses for Ductile Ordered Alloys Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!