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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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INDEX

A

Aerospace industry, 56, 131

Agro-industrial products, 52

Airbus consortium, 14, 76, 98, 111, 131

Aircraft industry, 76

Antidumping procedures

enforcement of findings, 81

GATT, 76, 79, 80, 93-94 n.14, 18

investigation approach, 81, 94 n.24, 112

multilateral rules for, 8, 79-81

nuisance cases, 81

objective, 79

proposed U.S. reforms, 85-87

targets of suits, 94 n.16

and technology policy, 129-130

see also Dumping

Antitrust policy, 3, 61-62, 75, 76, 84, 89, 125-126, 131, 137 n.17

AT&T, 107, 109

Automobile industry, 7, 48, 50, 62

B

Biotechnology products, 79

Boeing, 14

Bush, Vannevar, 123

C

Capital costs, 24-25, 60

mobility, 4, 104, 105, 109, 126

for technological innovation, 62

Cartel arrangements, 80, 114

Chemical industries, 50, 51, 55

Clothing industry, 48

Commercial counterfeiting, 78

Commission of the European Communities, 130

Comparative advantage

indicator, 43

Ricardian model, 13

Competition/competitiveness ''beggar-thy-neighbor,'' 83

commodity effect and, 40, 41, 46

determinants, 67-68

first-mover advantages, 105-107

indicators, 33

location and, 83

market and organizational contexts, 3, 46

multilateral rules for, 5, 83-84, 99

structural differences and, 75-76, 77, 84, 91, 98-99

supranational policy, 79, 81, 84

technology and, 13, 30-33, 53-54

see also Global competition;

Japanese competitiveness;

U.S. competitiveness

Competitive advantage

determinants, 4, 18, 67-68

external economies and, 18

in high-technology products, 21, 23, 67-68

linking technology and trade policies, 4-7

positive feedback loops and, 15, 16, 17

skilled labor availability and, 16, 17

supplier base and, 17

Constant market shares analysis, 35, 40, 41-42, 46, 47-48, 50, 51, 55-56 n.6

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

Consortia, government-sponsored, 7, 82-83, 98, 128, 130

Copyright infringement, 78-79

Countervailing duties, 8, 87-89

D

Data processing systems, 44, 47, 51, 52

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 125, 131

Defense technology, 3, 123

Deutch, John M., 129

Developing countries, technology transfer to, 78

Dumping

defined, 80, 85-86, 93 n.12, 130

joint ventures and, 129

of semiconductors by Japan, 111-114

see also Antidumping procedures

Dynamic random access memory chips, 106, 107, 112, 114, 117

E

Electric power, 78

Electrical machinery, 51

Electronics industry, 3, 17, 46, 131

consumer products, 18

data processing systems, 44, 47, 51, 52

components sector, 44, 47, 51, 52

office products, 47, 51, 56-57 n.13

share in world trade, by country, 40, 69

trade balance, by country, 44, 51

Engineering and Science Research Centers, 128

Engineering instruments, 51

Erasable programmable read-only memory devices, 112

ESPRIT, 7, 128, 136 n.10, 140

EUREKA, 128

Europe/European Economic Community

antidumping procedures, 80, 81, 83

competition policies, 84, 140

Court of Justice, 85

electronics sector, 40, 69, 73

exports of high-technology products, 71

local content restrictions, 81

R&D policies, 132-133, 140

scale-intensive sector, 38

science-based sector, 36, 40, 69, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 69, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 37

strategic technology programs, 128

subsidies for R&D, 82

trade balance in manufactures, 36-39, 72

trade performance in high-technology products, 22

trade rules, 85, 91

traditional sector, 39, 51

see also individual countries

Exchange rates effects, 2, 22-23

dollar, 19-20, 21, 22, 46, 48, 49-50

fluctuations of 1980s, 23

and high-technology trade, 19-20

trade and, 24

yen, 45

F

Fair market value, 80, 86, 112

Financial markets integration of, 8, 62

international trade in, 18, 27

First-mover advantages, 105-107

Food industries, 33

Foreign direct investment flows, 110, 136 n.15

growth, 126, 135 n.4

importance, 121

multilateral rules for, 5, 83-84

policy, 8, 109

and technology transfer, 78

France

constant market shares analysis, 42

electronics sector, 40, 73

exports of high-technology products, 71

food industry, 42

foreign direct investment in, 135 n.4

Japanese VCR imports, 5, 98

scale-intensive sector, 38, 42

science-based sector, 36, 40, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 70, 72, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 37, 42

trade balance in manufactures, 36-39

traditional sector, 39, 42, 51

G

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Aircraft Code, 76

Antidumping Code, 76-77, 79-80, 86, 93 n.12

applicability to high technology, 104

dispute settlement mechanism, 94-95 n.28, 103-104, 107

government procurement code, 76

injurious subsidization, 87-88

principles, violation by U.S., 89-90

reforms needed, 91-92

subsidies, 94 n.18, 139

trade-related investment measures, 83

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

Uruguay Round, 77, 85, 93-94 nn.14, 18, 104, 132

General Motors, 62

Germany (West) constant market shares analysis, 41, 50, 51

economy, 52

electronics sector, 40, 51, 52, 56 n.13, 73

exports of high-technology products, 71

food industry, 35, 41, 52

foreign direct investment in, 135 n.4

fuels, 35

hourly compensation costs, 19-20

human capital, 25-26

indicator of contribution to trade balance, 51, 52

innovation development and diffusion and, 52, 55

productivity performance, 23-24

protectionist policies, 52

raw materials, 35

R&D expenditures and personnel, 68

scale-intensive sector, 35, 38, 41, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55

science-based sector, 35, 36, 40, 51, 52, 54, 55, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 50, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 35, 37, 41, 46, 50, 51, 52, 55, 60

structural advantages and disadvantages, 50, 51

trade balance, 34, 50, 51, 72

trade performance, 50-53, 54-55

trade specialization patterns and, 50, 52, 53, 54-55

traditional sector, 35, 39, 41, 51, 52, 54

weights of sectoral groups in total exports, 35

Global competition

changing nature of, 2

historical perspective, 13-27

industrial structure and, 30-33

innovation and, 2-3

structural differences and, 84

technology and, 13-27, 30-33

see also Competition/competitiveness;

Japanese competitiveness;

U.S. competitiveness

Government procurement practices, 5, 8, 74, 76, 78, 133

H

High-technology industries

competitive advantage, 67-69

defined, 13, 14, 92 n.4

distinguishing characteristics, 4, 103

domestic suppliers in home markets, 68

external economies, 14, 15-19, 27

government policy role, 16

historical perspective, 13-27

importance of, 7, 14-19, 26-27

intersectoral externalities, 18-19

knowledge pool, 16

labor market, 15-16, 17, 18, 25, 27

market size effects, 15, 18

measurement of production costs, 80

nationalism/regionalism in, 74

OECD categories, 92 n.4

R&D expenditures, 31, 61, 68

sectors, 14

share of total manufacturing output, 23

start-ups, 82, 83, 133-134

supplier base, 15-16, 17

technological spillovers, 16, 18-19, 31, 69, 74, 107

U.S. market share for products, 17

within-sector externalities, 15-18

see also Science-based industries;

Trade in high technology

High-temperature superconductivity, 128, 129, 135 n.6

High-value-added production, 97, 107

Hitachi, 130

Honeywell, 129

I

IBM, 106, 128, 136 nn. 10, 15

Indicator of contribution to trade balance, 43-45, 51, 52, 56 n.8

Indicator of relative competitive position, 55 n.5

Industrial machinery, 50

Industries

linkages among, 30

"positive feedback loops" of interaction, 2

sectoral taxonomy, 30-31

strengths of, 2

structure, 30-33

supplier-dominated sector, 32, 33

technological linkages among, 31-32

see also Scale-intensive industries;

Science-based industries;

Specialized suppliers;

Traditional manufacturing industries ;

specific industries

Industrial targeting, 8, 77

and countervailing duties, 88-89

multilateral rules for, 5, 82-83

and U.S. trade policy, 61

Infant-industry support programs, 82, 83

Information technologies, 9, 47, 131, 137 n.18

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

Innovation

capital availability for, 62

continuous process and product improvements, 97-98

development and diffusion, 48-49, 78

and global competition, 2-3, 48-49, 61, 97, 121

and intellectual property protection, 78

intersectoral transmission mechanisms, 45, 54

knowledge base and, 30

managed market model, 3, 97

market-driven, 3, 97

producer-user interaction, 45, 49, 53, 54, 61

Intellectual property protection

importance, 4, 8, 104, 105, 121, 131

multilateral rules for, 5, 78-79

World Intellectual Property Organization, 78

Interest rates, 62

International Trade Commission, 80

Italy

constant market shares analysis, 42

electronics sector, 40, 73

food industry, 42

intersectoral linkages, 61

scale-intensive sector, 38, 42

science-based sector, 36, 40, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 37, 42, 46

trade balance in manufactures, 36-39, 72

traditional sector, 39, 42

J

Japan

access to research in, 134

exports of high-technology products, 71

foreign direct investment in, 135 n.4

import penetration by U.S., 68, 90-91, 113

National Health Insurance Reimbursement system, 77

R&D structure, 68, 134-135

technology development programs, 128-129

sales by U.S.-owned manufacturing firms in, 61

subsidies for R&D, 82

Japanese competitiveness

capital costs and, 24-25

closed market and, 25-26

commodity effect and, 40, 41

competitiveness effect and, 35, 40-41

constant market shares analysis, 35, 40, 41

continuous improvement and, 2

direct foreign investments and, 45, 109

electronics sector, 40, 44, 46, 47, 49, 53, 56 n.10, 73, 106

food industry, 35, 41, 43

fuels, 35

human capital and, 25-26

imports and, 61

indicator of contribution to trade balance, 43-45

industrial restructuring and, 43-44

innovation system, 3, 44-45

intersectoral linkages and, 2, 44-45, 54, 61

keiretsu, 62

market effect and, 40, 41

market share changes, 41, 44

productivity performance, 23-24

protectionist barriers and, 45

raw materials, 35

savings rates and, 25

scale-intensive sector, 35, 38, 41, 43, 45, 50, 54

science-based (high-technology) industries, 22, 23, 25-26, 33, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 51, 60, 69, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 69, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 35, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49,54, 60

specific market-commodity effect and, 40, 41

structural effect and, 35, 40, 41, 42

success factors, 4, 40, 42, 44-45, 140

trade balance, 34, 36-39, 43, 44, 45, 72

trade specialization and, 2-3, 42-45, 67

traditional sector, 35, 39, 41, 43, 45, 53-54

upsurge in world markets, 33-46, 53-54

weights of sectoral groups in total exports, 35

yen revaluation and, 45

Joint European Semiconductor Silicon Initiative, 82, 93, 136 n.15

Joint ventures, 129, 130

Just-in-time inventory and production, 17

L

Labor

hourly compensation costs, 19-20

quality of, 60

relations, 2

Learning curves, 4, 105

Local content restrictions, 5, 8, 74, 81, 109

Location of industries, 17, 18

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

M

Machine tools, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 60

Machinery for specialized industries, 52

Macroeconomic environment and trade policy, 8

and trade trends, 19

and U.S. competitiveness, 20, 62

Management, quality of, 60

Market access, 8, 75, 89, 90-91, 111-114, 116, 125, 139

closed domestic, 25-26

effect, 40, 50, 51, 56 n.6

labor, 16, 17

size effects, 15, 18

Market share

analysis, 35, 40, 41-42 n.4, 55-56 n.6

commodity effect and, 56 n.6

competitiveness effect and, 35, 40, 50, 51, 56 n.6

export, 55 n.4

predatory pricing and, 79

structural effect and, 35, 40, 50, 51, 56 n.6

Marshall, Alfred, 15

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 129

Matsushita, 109

McDonnell Douglas, 111

Mechanical engineering, 52, 60

Mechanical industries, 55

Microelectronics, 27

Micron Technology, 115 n.5

Microsoft, 106, 107

Most-favored-nation concessions, 90

N

National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, 125, 128, 131

NEC, 107, 109

Newly industrializing countries in Asia

constant market shares analysis, 41

electronics sector, 40, 47, 51, 56 n.10, 69, 73, 117

food industry, 41

scale-intensive sector, 38, 41

science-based sector, 36, 40, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 37, 41

trade balance in manufactures, 36-39, 72

traditional sector, 39, 41, 51

Nippon Electric Company, 129

O

Offshore manufacturing, 17, 104, 109

Oil shocks, 46

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 25, 92 n.4

P

Patents

cooperative research and, 83

compulsory licensing, 79, 83

duration, 79

infringement, 78-79

Pharmaceuticals, 50, 51

Price/pricing floors, 80

home market, 93 n.12

life-cycle, 93-94 n.14

minimum commitments, 80

predatory, 79, 81, 106

semiconductor memory devices, 113-114

undertakings, 80

Product life cycles, 4, 104

Protectionism, 6, 45, 52, 69, 93, 109

R

Research and development

collaborative, 7, 9, 61, 84, 121, 127, 130-132

consortia, government-sponsored, 7, 82-83, 98

content, value in high-technology products, 4, 105

defense, 123, 124-125

foreign participation in, 9, 74, 128-129, 130, 133-134, 139

gap between laboratory and production line, 7, 9, 139-140

human capital in, 25-26

investment risks, 105, 125

and market access, 125, 127

reciprocal access to, 134

separation from manufacturing, 107, 109

spending by high-technology industries, 13

subsidies, 8, 74, 82, 83, 121, 132, 133

tax credits, 9, 61, 133

by universities, 3, 123, 134-135

Reverse engineering, 16, 104

Rules of origin, 83-84

S

Scale-intensive industries, 33

characteristics, 31

share in world trade, by country, 38

trade balances, by country, 38, 47

weights in total exports, by country, 35

see also specific countries

Science-based industries, 33

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

benefits to the economy, 2-3

characteristics, 31, 92-93 n.5

protectionist treatment, 69

role in manufacturing systems, 55 n.2

share in world trade, by country, 36, 46-48, 70

trade balance, by country, 36, 72

weights in total exports, by country, 35

see also High-technology industries;

specific countries

Sematech, 7, 82, 117-118, 127-128, 130, 131, 132, 136 n.14, 141

Semiconductor industry

antidumping procedures applied to, 83, 86, 112-114

challenges to, 5, 14

chip design protection, 79

dynamic random access memory chips, 106, 107, 112, 114, 117

erasable programmable read-only memory devices, 112

foreign investment in U.S., 114

foreign market share in Japan, 113

spillovers in technology, 18-19

trade conflicts, 103

Semiconductor Industry Association, 115 n.3

Service industries, 117

Servizi Informativi per l'Estero-World Trade data base, 32-33, 58

Siemens, 107, 109

Software, 79, 106, 109

Specialized-supplier industries, 33

benefits to the economy, 2-3

characteristics, 31-32

restructuring of, 50

share in world trade, by country, 37, 47-48

trade balances, by country, 37

weights in total exports, by country, 35

see also specific countries

Standards and switching costs, 5, 8, 105, 106, 121, 126

Steel industry, 107

Subsidies

allowable, 88, 94 n.26

and countervailing duties, 87-89, 98

dumping and, 87, 116

effects in high-technology sector, 106, 116, 117

multilateral rules for, 76, 82-83

R&D, 8, 74, 82, 83, 121, 132, 133

T

Tax credits, R&D, 9, 61, 133

Technology

access to, 8, 9, 121

diffusion, 16

drains, 133-134

drivers, 18

dual-use, 121

flows, 76

and international competitiveness, 30-33

misappropriation of, 78

reverse engineering, 16

and trade performance, 13, 30-33, 53-54

transfer, 78, 121, 133

Technology policy

and competitive advantage, 4-7

defined, 121

national reforms, 85-91

see also High-technology industries;

U.S. technology policy

Telecommunications, 44, 76, 77, 78, 103, 107, 109

Television, high-definition, 103, 109

Texas Instruments, 115 n.5, 130

Textile industry, 48, 107

Thomson (of France), 109

Trade

barriers, 75, 77, 105

concessions, 90

and exchange rates, 24

interregional, 16

liberalization, 77, 105

managed, 8, 97

in manufactured products, volume, 92

performance, see Competition/competitiveness policy, and competitive advantage, 4-7, 104

shares, by country, in manufactures, 34

specialization differences among countries, 3, 34, 42-43

strategic theory, 93 n.6

technology and, 13, 30-33, 53

see also General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade;

U.S. trade policy and laws

Trade in high technology

barriers and structural impediments, 74, 75-85

challenges to, 103-115

conflict management, 67-95, 98, 103

conflict sources, 75-76

exports, 14, 60, 68, 71

import share of domestic market, 21-22, 25-26, 68-69

model for policy, 111-114

policy perspective, 74, 103, 104-111, 116-118

problems, 105-106

multilateral trade rules, 76-85

sources of trends in, 24-26

trends, 19-26

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

Trade rules, 3

antidumping procedures, 79-81, 85-87, 116

bilateral approaches to, 5-6

competition policy, 84-85

compliance monitoring, 77

dispute settlement mechanism, 4, 77, 85, 116

government procurement practices, 78

enforcement, 77, 79, 87

foreign direct investment policy, 83

importance for technology-intensive industries, 77-78

industrial targeting, 82-83

intellectual property protection, 78-79

multilateral, 8, 76-85

precision in, 76-77

purpose of, 77

reforms needed, 98-99

subsidies, 82-83, 87

see also U.S. trade policy and rules

Traditional manufacturing industries

characteristics, 104

dispute resolution, 106

share in world trade, by country, 39

trade balances, by country, 39, 47

trade policy role, 107

weights in total exports, by country, 35

Trademark protection, 79

Transportation

costs, 4, 16, 105

government procurement practices, 78

U

United Kingdom

constant market shares analysis, 42

electronics sector, 40, 73

exports of high-technology products, 71

food industry, 42

foreign direct investment in, 135 n.4

R&D expenditures and personnel, 68

scale-intensive sector, 38, 42

science-based sector, 36, 40, 70, 72

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 70, 73

specialized-supplier sector, 37, 42

trade balance in manufactures, 36-39, 72

traditional sector, 39, 42, 51

United States

attractiveness as a production location, 8

Committee on Medical Research, 122

dollar, value of, 19-20, 21, 46, 48, 49-50, 56-57 n.13

economy, 21, 46, 126

exports of high-technology products, 71

foreign direct investment in, 135 n.4, 137 n.19

gross national product, 21, 22, 25

import penetration by Japan, 68

Japanese investments in, 45, 62, 114

localization of industry, 17

manufacturing base, size of, 21

National Cooperative Research Act, 129

National Science Foundation, 123, 127-128, 129

Office of Science and Technology Policy, 9, 118

Office of Scientific Research and Development, 122

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 9, 118

productivity performance, 23-24

R&D structure, 68, 126, 128-129, 136 n.11

sales by Japanese-owned manufacturing firms in, 61

savings rates, 25

scientists and engineers, 25, 27

share of world manufacturing output, 22

subsidies for R&D, 82

wage rates, 19-20, 23

weights of sectoral groups in total exports, 35

U.S. competitiveness

antitrust policies and, 61-62

capital costs and, 24-25, 27

and civilian technology policy, 5, 7

constant market shares analysis, 41, 46, 47-48

coordination between agencies and, 9

cyclical economic trends and, 47, 49, 54

deterioration of, 2, 3, 46-50, 54, 56 n.10, 60, 126

education, quality of, 25, 27

electronics sector, 40, 46, 47, 60, 69, 73

exchange rates and, 48

food industry, 35, 41, 48, 49

fuels, 35

innovation development and diffusion and, 48-49, 54, 61

labor costs and, 19-20, 23

manufacturing capabilities and, 2, 3, 7

market effects and, 46

penetration of Japanese markets, 68, 90-91

raw materials, 35

scale-intensive sector, 35, 38, 41, 47, 48, 49, 54

science-based (high-technology) sector, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22-23, 27, 35, 36, 40, 46, 47-48, 49, 56 n.12, 60, 61, 68, 69, 70, 72

scientific prowess and, 135 n.3

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×

semiconductor industry, 14

share in world trade in manufactures, 34, 36-40, 46, 47, 69, 70,73

specialized-supplier sector, 35, 37, 41, 46, 47-49, 54, 60

structural disadvantages and, 46, 48, 49, 54, 125-126

technology flows and, 76

technology policy and, 131, 132, 135

trade balance in manufactures, 20-22, 34, 36-39, 46, 47, 72

trade specialization patterns and, 48, 49, 54

traditional sector, 35, 39, 41, 47, 48, 49

U.S.-Japan Scientific Cooperation Agreement, 135 n.1

U.S.-Japan Semiconductor Trade Agreement, 4-5, 6, 90, 111-114, 116, 117

U.S. technology policy

access to foreign technology, 9, 139

adoption of new technologies, 8, 124, 131-133, 139

antitrust policy and, 125-126, 129, 131

approach, 3

challenges to, 124-127

commercialization agents, 123-124

and competitive weaknesses, 131, 132, 135

and cooperative research, 129, 130-132

defense R&D and, 123, 124-125, 139

elements, 6, 123-124

evaluation of response to trade challenge, 130-132

government support of civilian technology development, 9, 127-128, 139, 140

human capital investments, 8

importance, 4, 7, 98

innovation system and, 3, 48-49

intellectual property protection, 129, 131

issues for, 121-122, 132-137

investments in R&D, 6-7

manufacturing capabilities, improvement in, 7

model for, 117

new developments and challenges, 124-127

oversight, 132

political dimensions, 6, 7, 9, 141

private-sector role, 7

Reagan administration, 136 n.8

responses and complications, 127-130

spillovers to civilian sector, 125, 134

structure, 122-124

substantive focus, 6-7

suggested action, 8-10

and technology transfer, 78, 121, 133

trade policy linked with, 9, 61, 97, 121-122, 125, 129-130, 139

U.S. trade policy and rules

antidumping (section 731), 5, 61, 80, 81, 85-87, 98, 107, 108

and civil-military technology relationship, 130-131

and competitiveness, 91-92

concensus-building on, 118

concerns, 60-61

countervailing duties (section 303), 87-89, 98, 107, 108

delays in implementing, 91, 104, 106

escape clause (section 201), 87, 107, 108

goals, 91

intellectual property rights, 93 n.11, 125

and market access, 111-114, 125

market-oriented, sector-specific (MOSS) talks with Japan, 77

national security clause (section 232), 108, 135 n.2

negotiation approach, 76-77, 91

North American Free Trade Agreement, 78

Reagan administration, 127-128

reforms, 8, 85-91

section 337 n.11

Structural Impediments Initiative talks, 77

as a substitute for civilian technology policy, 4-5

super 301, 6, 89-91

technology policy linked with, 9, 61, 97, 121-122, 125, 129-130, 139

testing and certification requirements, 77

Trade Act of 1974, 89

Trade Bill of 1988, 89, 107

unfair trade practices (section 301), 6, 89-91, 107, 108, 111, 129

University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, 31

V

VCRs, 5, 98, 103

Very large-scale integration, 128

Z

Zenith, 109

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
×
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." National Academy of Engineering. 1992. Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2002.
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Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations Get This Book
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How is technology changing the nature of global competition? Can governments devise policies that help to create comparative advantages for national firms? An international group of experts in trade and technology policy addresses these questions in a book that contributes to a better understanding of how U.S. approaches to such policies differ from those of other industrialized countries. It explores current trends in trade and technology policies and the consequences for U.S. economic competitiveness.

Topics discussed include the changing positions of the United States, Japan, and Germany in technological and trade competition, the management of trade conflict in high-technology industries, and new approaches to linking trade and technology policy. The book highlights the critical interplay of domestic and international policies and underscores the need for policymakers to achieve greater complementarity between their domestic and international economic policies.

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