National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: Summary
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

References

Abramson, M. 1990. Open labs in China. China Exchange News, (March) 18(1):8–13.

Arimoto, R., Y. GaD, R.A. Duce, D.S. Lee, and L.Q. Chen. 1990. Links between the land, atmosphere and oceans: The biogeochemical cycles of trace elements. Pp. 24–40 in Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry, L. Newman, W. Wang, and C.S. Kiang, eds. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service.


Bouwman, A.F., ed. 1990. Soils and the Greenhouse Effect. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Box, E.O. 1981. Macroclimate and Plant Forms: An Introduction to Predictive Modeling in Phytogeography. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk Publishers. 258 pp.

Bradley, R.S., ed. 1991. Global Changes of the Past. Papers arising from the 1989 Global Change Institute, Snowmass, Colorado, 24 July – 4 August 1989. Boulder: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies. 514 pp.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1989. Report on the State Land Administration in the People's Republic of China. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior.


Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). 1978. Handbook of Plants of Dinghushan [Arboretum] . 647 pp. (In Chinese with names in Latin.)

CAS. 1991. Global Change Study in Chinese Academy of Sciences. (Multiple page sets, in English.)

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

CAS. Undated, a. The Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences. (In English.)

CAS. Undated, b. Vegetation Map of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. 2 pp. (In Chinese with legend in English.)

Chang Hsin-shih (Zhang Xinshi) and Yang Dianan. 1991. A Study of Climate-Vegetation Interaction in China—The Ecological Model for Global Change. Preprint. Beijing: Institute of Botany. 29 pp. (In English.)

Chen Jiaqi. 1986. The heavy flood and drought of Taihu Basin from the Southern Song Dynasty and the possibility of their reoccurrence in the near future. Scientia Geographica Sinica 6(1). (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Jiaqi. 1987. An approach to the data processing of historical climate materials on the basis of floods and droughts of the Taihu Basin. Acta Geographica Sinica 42(3). (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Jiaqi. 1989. A preliminary research on the regularity and factors of changes of flood and drought in Taihu Basin since the southern Song Dynasty. Scientia Geographica Sinica 9(1). (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Jiaqi. 1991. The law and tendency of variation of flood/drought in the last 1,500 years along the banks of the middle Huanghe River. 2 pp. (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Jiaqi. Undated, a. Preliminary study on regularity of climatic variation in the Taihu Lake Region. (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Jiaqi. Undated, b. The great drought and flood (sic.) in the Huanghe River Basin during historical time. Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geography, Academia Sinica No. 1. (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Chen Q. 1990. The study of developing the grassland resources remote sensing monitoring system in China. Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute, Lanzhou, China. (Unpublished project description in English.)

Chen Shixun. 1990. Summary Report of Climate Record for Past 2,000 Years in Guandong Province. 106 pp. (In Chinese.)

Chen Shupeng, He Jianbang, Zhao Chunyan, Zhong Ershun, Yuan Xiansheng, and Hu Jue, eds. 1990. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Geographical Information Systems, 8–11 August 1990, Beijing. Beijing: National Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Systems. (In English.)

Chinese Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Committee. 1989. Chinese Tentative Plan for the Joint Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). 8 pp. (In English.)

Chinese National Climate Committee. 1990. Outline of National Climate Program of China (1991–2000). Beijing: China Meteorological Press. (In Chinese and English.)

Chinese National Committee for the IGBP (CNCIGBP). 1990a. Status Report of the Chinese National Global Change Research Program. A report to the first meeting of the national committees, Washington, D.C., January. 13 pp. (In English.)

CNCIGBP. 1990b. A report to the Second Scientific Advisory Council of the

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

International Geosphere-Biosphere Program. September. 9 pp. (In English.)

CNCIGBP. 1991. Bulletin of CNCIGBP, (May) 1(1). Reprinted in Global Change Newsletter, December 8, 1991. (In English.)

CNCIGBP. 1992. Proposal to IGBP START Standing Committee: To Establish a Global Change Regional Research Network for East Asia and Western Pacific Region. Beijing, March 12, 1991. (Draft proposal in English.)

Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Science in Northern China. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.

Darzi, M. and J.W. Winchester. 1982. Aerosol characteristics at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii after East Asian dust storm episodes. Journal of Geophysical Research 87:1251–1258.


Fang Liping, Li Qi, and Cheng Jicheng. 1990. Remote sensing dynamic monitoring method of land-use/land cover. Pp. 91–100 in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Geographical Information Systems. Chen Shupeng, He Jianbang, Zhao Chunyan, Zhong Ershun, Yuan Xiansheng and Hu Jue, eds. Beijing: National Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Systems.

Fishman, J., C.E. Watson, J.C. Larson, and J.A. Logan. 1990. Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research 95:3599–3618.

Fu Jimeng, Zheng Xianying, Wen Yupu, and Su Weihan. 1990. Preliminary shipboard measurements of atmospheric ozone over the western Pacific Ocean. Pp. 180–183 in Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry. L. Newman, W. Wang, and C.S. Kiang, eds. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service.


Gao Y., R. Arimoto, M.Y. Zhou, J.T. Merrill, and R.A. Duce. 1992a. Relationships between the dust concentrations over eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 97:9867–9872.

Gao Y., R. Arimoto, R.A. Duce, D.S. Lee, and M.Y. Zhou. 1992b. Input of atmospheric trace elements and mineral matter to the Yellow Sea during the spring of a low dust year. Journal of Geophysical Research 97:3767–3777.

GCTE News. 1991. Newsletter of the global change and terrestrial ecosystems (GCTE) core project of the IGBP. (August) 1:1–12.

Gosz, J., B. Leach. 1992. U.S.-China exchange laying the foundations for collaboration. LTER Network News 10:1.


Hsu J. 1983. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic vegetation in China emphasizing their connections with North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70:490–508.

Huke, R.E. and E.H. Huke. 1982. Agroclimatic and dry-season maps of South, Southeast, and East Asia. Los Baños: International Rice Research Institute. 15 pp.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). 1992. International Council of Scientific Unions Year Book 1992. Paris: ICSU.

International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP). 1990. International Geosphere-Biosphere Program: A Study of Global Change, the Initial Core Projects. IGBP Report No. 12. Stockholm: IGBP.

IGBP. 1991. IGBP Report No. 15. Global Change System for Analysis, Research, and Training (START). Boulder: UCAR Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies.

IGBP. 1992a. A Quick Start for START, Guidelines for Regional Research Networks and Centers. Global Change Newsletter, 9 (March).

IGBP. 1992b. START from Concept to Reality. Global Change Newsletter 10 (June).

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1990. Climate Change, the IPCC Assessment, J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins, and J.J. Ephraums, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Iwasaka, Y., M. Yamato, R. Imasu, and A. Ono. 1988. Transport of Asian dust (kosa) particles: Importance of weak kosa events on the geochemical cycle of soil particles. Tellus 40b:494–503.


Jin Zhengping. 1990. Investigation of the present status of soil erosion conditions with remote sensing technology in Inner Mongolia. Soil and Water Conservation in China 2:26–28. (In Chinese and English.)


Khalil, M.A.K., R.A. Rasmussen, M.X. Wang, and L. Ren. 1990. Emissions of trace gases from Chinese rice fields and biogas generators: CH4, N2, CO, CO2, chlorocarbons, and hydrocarbons. Chemosphere 20:207–226.


Leach, B. 1990. Long-term ecological research in China: CAS establishes a network. China Exchange News 18(4):23–27.

Leach, B., J. Brunt, W. Michener, J. Gosz, K. Gross, J. Pastor, D. Coffin, A. McKee, C. Bowser, S. Batvik, and A. Mossige. 1992. A Report on the Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN). Submitted to the World Bank. February.

Li Debo, Zhang Jiwu, Li Weixing, and Yu Fei. 1991. Monitoring and controlling of CH4 emissions from rice paddy field near Nanjing, China. 13 pp. (Preprint in English.)

Li G.L. 1990. The National Natural Science Foundation of China: Its background, present, and guiding principles. Science and Public Policy 17(4):235–241.

Li Jinchang, Gao Zhengang, Zhang Zhaoxiu, He Xianjie, Kong Fanwen, and Fu Dedi. 1990. Natural Resources Accounting For Sustainable Development. Development Research Center of the State Council. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. 259 pp.

Liu Leyi. 1989. Surveying the present state of utilization of land resources by using remote sensing technology. Soil and Water Conservation in China 1:21–23. (In Chinese and English.)

Liu S.C., M. Trainer, F.C. Fehsenfeld, D.D. Parrish, E.J. Williams, D.W. Fahey, G. Hubler, and P.C. Murphy. 1987. Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions. Journal of Geophysical Research 92:4191–4207.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

Liu Tungsheng, ed. 1991. Loess, Environment and Global Change. Beijing: Science Press. (In English.)

Ma Fuchen. 1991. One-page summary of national thrusts relevant to PAGES. (In English.)

Mao J. 1990. Measurement of O3 and NO2 column abundance at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica . Pp. 180–183 in Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry, L. Newman, W. Wang, and C.S. Kiang, eds. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service.

Muayama, N. 1988. Dust clouds ''kosa'' from Asia dust storms in 1982–1988 as observed by the GMS satellite. Meteorological Satellite Center Technical Note No. 17.


National Climate Change Coordination Group (NCCCG). 1990. Impact of Human Activities on Climate in China. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue (Chinese Environmental Science). 10(6) December (In Chinese.) English text in JPRS-TEN-91-010, 11 June 91.

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 1990. Guide to Programs, Fiscal Year 1990. Beijing: Science Press. (In English.)

NSFC. 1991a. Briefing paper concerning support of JGOFS in the PRC. 1 p. (In English.)

NSFC. 1991b. Briefing paper concerning support of WOCE in the PRC. 1 p. (In English.)

National Science Foundation (NSF). 1991. Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education, Directory of Awards, Fiscal Year 1991. Washington, D.C.: NSF.

Natural Resource Study Committee. 1990. Handbook of Natural Resources of China. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences, 902 pp. (In Chinese.)

Neilson, R.P., G.A. King, R.L. DeVelice, J. Lenihan, D. Marks, J. Dolph, W.G. Campbell, and G. Glick. 1989. Sensitivity of Ecological Landscapes and Regions to Global Climatic Change. Washington, D.C.: National Technical Information Service.

Nie Baofu, Liang Meitao, Zhu Yuanzhi, Zhong Jinliang, and Hua Ouyang. 1991. The study of the fine skeletal structures of recent reef-corals in the reef-coral regions of the South China Sea. Guanghzou: CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, 148 pp. (In Chinese with English abstract.)

Nie Baofu. Undated. Approach to the relationship between growth rate of some reef corals and surface water temperature in central and northern parts of the South China Sea. Unknown journal reprint. (In Chinese with English abstract.)


Olsen, J.W. 1987. Prehistoric land use and desertification in northwest China. MASCA Journal 4:103–109.


Paul, E.A. and F.E. Clark. 1991. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. San Diego: Academic Press.

Pu Peimin. 1983. Studies on the influence of tide-generating forces of celestial bodies on weather-climate from the factors of some quasi-period climatic oscillations. Unknown outlet. (In Chinese with English abstract.)

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

Pu Peimin. Undated. Research activities on climate change and its impact on water resources in China. 5 pp. (In Chinese and English.)

Qian Junlong. Undated, a. A study on dynamic change of environments from the contents of chemical elements in tree rings. 6 pp. (Unpublished summary of work in English.)

Qian Junlong. Undated, b. A study on relationships between the content of chemical elements in tree rings and the related environment. Photocopy of reprint with no source given. (In English.)

Qian Junlong. Undated, c. Determination of 22 elements in growth rings of trees by ICP-AES. 6 pp. (Unpublished summary in English.)

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES). 1991. 1990 Annual Report. Beijing: RCEES. (In Chinese with abstract in English.)


Reardon-Anderson, J., and J. Ellis. 1990. Whither China's grasslands? China Exchange News 18(4):13–17.

Reed, Linda A. 1989. Education in the People's Republic of China and U.S.-China Educational Exchanges. Washington, D.C.: NAFSA.

Ren Mei-e and Zhu Xianmo. 1991. Anthropogenic effect on changes of sediment discharge of the Yellow River, China since the Holocene—A preliminary study. Quaternary Studies 1.

Ren, Mei-e. 1991a. Relative sea-level rise in Huanghe River delta, China—Implications and response strategies. Preprint for the Proceedings for the Social Impact of Sea-Level Rise, E. Stoddard, ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. 6 pp. (Preprint in English.)

Ren Mei-e. 1991b. Anthropogenic effect on changes of sediment discharge of the Huanghe River in China Since the Holocene: A Preliminary Study. 3 pp. (Proposal outline in English.)

Richardson, S.D. 1990. Forests and Forestry in China: Changing Patterns in Resource Development. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 352 pp.

Riches, M.R., Zhao J.P., W.C. Wang, and Tao S.Y. 1992. The U.S. Department of Energy and the People's Republic of China's Academy of Sciences joint research on the greenhouse effect: 1985–1991 research progress. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 73(5):585–594.


Saich, T. 1989. China's Science Policy in the 80s. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press International.

Schultz, H., W. Seiler, and H. Rennenberg. 1990. Soil and land use related sources and sinks of methane (CH4) in the context of the global methane budget . Pp. 269–285 in Soils and the Greenhouse Effect, A. F. Bouwman, ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Shi Yafeng. 1991. Studies on climatic and sea level changes in China funded 1987–1992 by NSFC and CAS. 2 pp. (Project description in English.)

Shi Yafeng, Wang Mingxing, Zhang Peiyuan, and Zhao Xitao, eds. 1990. Studies on Climatic and Sea Level Changes in China I. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 146 pp.

Shugart, H.H. 1984. A Theory of Forest Dynamics: The Ecological Implications of Forest Dynamics Models. New York: Springer-Verlag. 278 pp.

State Science Technology Commission (SSTC). 1990. Climate (abridged),

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

No. 5 Blue Book of Science and Technology. Beijing: State Meteorological Press. (In Chinese with abridged version in English.)

State Planning Commission. 1991. National Report of the People's Republic of China on Environment and Development. Beijing: SPC. 83 pp. (In Chinese and English.)

Su Weihan, Zeng Jianghai, Song Wenzhi, Zhang Hua, Zhang Yuming, Cao Meiqiu, Lu Hongrong, and Zhou Quan. 1990. Flux of nitrous oxide on typical winter wheat field in northern China. Photocopy. (Unpublished manuscript in Chinese.)

Tang Q. and Zhou C. 1988. Recent progress of regional hydrology of China. Acta Geographica Sinica 7:79–85. (In Chinese.)

Tang Y. and Zhang S. 1989. The problems of the control of water quality in economic development of China. Acta Geographica Sinica 44:302–313. (In Chinese.)

Tinachen, Z. 1988. Grassland resources and development of grassland agriculture in temperate China. Rangelands 10:124–127.


Uemura, S., S. Tsuda, and S. Hasegawa. 1990. Effects of fires on the vegetation of Siberian Taiga predominated by Larix dahurica. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:547–553.

United Nations Center for Science and Technology in Development (UNCSTD). 1990. Report on the International Seminar on Desertification Processes of Contiguous Areas: Science and Technology Policy Issues and Options. Lanzhou, China, 25 June-3 July 1990. (Conference papers in English.)

United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 1992. A Program for the Phase Out of Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) in the People's Republic of China. Report of an UNDP mission to China between October 29 and December 22, 1991.


Walker, D. 1986. Late Pleistocene-early Holocene vegetational and climatic changes in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Journal of Biogeography 13:477–486.

Wang M.X., Dai A., Shen R.X., Wu H.B., H. Schultz, H. Rennenberg, and W. Seiler. 1992. CH4 emission from a Chinese rice paddy field. (in preparation).

Wang Tianduo. 1990. An analysis of the problems of water use efficiency in the North China Plain. (Unpublished monograph in English.)

Wohlke, W., Gu H., and Ai N. 1988. Agriculture, soil erosion and fluvial processes in the basin of the Jialing Jang (Sichuan Province/China). Geojournal 17:103–115.


Xie J. and Chen Z. 1990. Water resources in China. Acta Geographica Sinica 45:210–219. (In Chinese with abstract in English.)

Xiwen L. and D. Walker. 1986. The plant geography of Yunnan Province, southwest China. Journal of Biogeography 13:367–397.

Xu W.D. 1982. Correlations between distribution of main forest trees and thermal climate in northeast China. Journal of the Northeast Forestry Institute 4:1–10. (In Chinese.)

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×

Yang, Dongzhen, Ji Xingming, Xu Xiaobin, Fu Jimeng, and Wen Yupu. 1990. The Sandstorm of April 1988: Its synoptic situation and origins. Pp. 197–202 in Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Global and Regional Environmental Atmospheric Chemistry, L. Newman, W. Wang, and C.S. Kiang, eds. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service.

Yu Zuoyue and Wang Zhuhao. 1990. The method on recovery of forest vegetation in degraded ecosystem in tropical and subtropical waste lowland in Guangdong. Huanjing Kexue Xuebao (Journal of Environmental Sciences) 2(3):13–25. (In English.)


Zhang Haifeng, ed. 1984. A Brief Introduction to the Chinese Institutions of Ocean Science and Technology. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 153 pp. (In English.)

Zhang Zhifei. 1991. Strengthening Coordination for More Effective Funding for IGBP. 8 pp. (Conference presentation in English.)

Zhao Ji, Zheng Guangmei, Wang Huadong, and Xu Jialin. 1990. The Natural History of China. London: William Collins & Sons.

Zhao Jianping. 1990. A brief survey of the Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN). CERN Newsletter 1(1).

Zhu Baoxia. 1991. State pays millions for pollution research. China Daily. 28 August 1991.

Zhu Zhenda, Liu Shu, and Di Xinmin. 1988a. Desertification and Rehabilitation in China. Lanzhou: The International Center for Education and Research on Desertification Control. 222 pp. (In English.)

Zhu Zhenda, Zou Benggong, Di Xinmin, Wang Kangfu, Chen Guangting, and Zhang Jixian. 1988b. Desertification and Rehabilitation. Case Study in Horqin Sand Land. Lanzhou: CAS Institute of Desert Research. 113 pp. (In English.)

Zhu Zhenda and Wang Tao. 1990. Analyzing land desertification trends in China over the past 10-pius years using research on some typical regions. Chinese manuscript received by Acta Geographica Sinica and translated into English in NPRS-TEN-91-013. 5 July 1991, 25 pp.

Zuo Dakang and Zhang Peiyuan. 1990. The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Pp. 473–477 in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action, B.L. Turner, II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Mathews, and W.B. Meyer, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 130
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 131
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1992. China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2075.
×
Page 132
Next: Appendix A: Overviews of Selected Institutions »
China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $50.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Given China's current and potential impacts on the global environment and the contributions Chinese science can make to global change research, China's full participation in international research programs dealing with global change is very important.

This book provides insights into how research priorities are determined and detailed information about institutional infrastructure, human resources, and other factors that will constrain or facilitate Chinese responses to and research on global change issues.

An overview of research relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program and the World Climate Research Program is presented. Additionally, research in certain areas of atmospheric chemistry and physical and ecological interactions of the atmosphere and land surface are explored in further detail.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!