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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Transportation of
Laboratory Animals

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Patricia McAdams, Steven Olson, Lida Anestidou,
and Jenna Ogilvie, Rapporteurs

Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

Division on Earth and Life Studies

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This project was supported by the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine; American Veterinary Medical Association; Bayer; Charles River Laboratories; Covance Laboratories, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline; Johnson & Johnson; Massachusetts General Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Merck; Novartis Corporation; University of California, Davis; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Michigan; University of Washington; and the National Academy of Sciences W.K. Kellogg Foundation Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-37333-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-37333-6
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/21734

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226.21734.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
×

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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

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Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
×

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Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
×

PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR TRANSPORTATION OF LABORATORY ANIMALS1

Carol Clarke (Co-Chair), Research Specialist Staff Officer, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Care

William J. White (Co-Chair), Corporate Vice President, Charles River Laboratories

Robert C. Dysko, Clinical Professor, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School

Judith B. Franco, Associate Director of Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc.

Dianne Garnes, Global Animal Welfare Officer, Novartis Corporation

Bruce W. Kennedy, Compliance Associate, California State Polytechnic University

David M. Kurtz, Veterinary Staff Scientist, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

C. Ford Morishita, Retired Biology Teacher, Founding Member of the National Academies Teacher Advisory Council

Susan Brust Silk, Director, Division of Policy and Education, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health

___________________

1 Affiliations of planning committee members were current as of September 2014.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
×

ROUNDTABLE ON SCIENCE AND WELFARE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL USE1

Co-Chairs

Lynn C. Anderson (Co-Chair), Vice President, Global Animal Welfare and Comparative Medicine, Covance Laboratories, Inc.

Steven Niemi (Co-Chair), Liaison to the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine; and Director, Office of Animal Resources, Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Members

Paul A. Locke, Liaison to Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Council; and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

David Anderson, Executive Director, Health Sciences Administration, University of Washington

Bonnie V. Beaver, Professor, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University

Pamela Chamberlain, Veterinary Medical Officer and Institutional Official for the White Oak Animal Program, Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Carol Clarke, Research Specialist Staff Officer, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Care, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Robert C. Dysko, Clinical Professor, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School

James Fox, Professor and Director, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dianne Garnes, Global Animal Welfare Officer, Pharmaceutical Division, Novartis Corporation

Gail C. Golab, Director, Animal Welfare Division, American Veterinary Medical Association

Donna Matthews Jarrell, Attending Veterinarian and Director, Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

___________________

1 Affiliations of roundtable members were current as of September 2014.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Bruce W. Kennedy, Compliance Associate, California State Polytechnic University

David M. Kurtz, Veterinary Staff Scientist, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Margaret S. Landi, Chief of Animal Welfare, Ethics, and Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline

K. C. Kent Lloyd, Professor and Head, Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis

Lawrence Schook, Professor, Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Susan Brust Silk, Director, Division of Policy and Education, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health

William J. White, Corporate Vice President, Veterinary and Professional Services, Charles River Laboratories

John C. Wingfield, Assistant Director, Biological Sciences, National Science Foundation

Robert H. Wurtz, National Institutes of Health Distinguished Investigator, Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health

Staff

Lida Anestidou, Director, Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use

Angela Kolesnikova, Administrative Assistant, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

Jenna Ogilvie, Senior Program Assistant, Board on Life Sciences

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH1

Co-Chairs

Michael D. Lairmore (Co-Chair), Professor and Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis

Margaret S. Landi (Co-Chair), Chief of Animal Welfare, Ethics, and Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline

Members

Karin Blumer, Scientific Affairs, Novartis International AG

Cory Brayton, Associate Professor of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University

Joseph J. DeGeorge, Global Head of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories

Ron DeHaven, Executive Vice President, American Veterinary Medical Association

Lewis B. Kinter, Consultant

Malak Kotb, Chair, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota

Paul A. Locke, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Daniel S. Marsman, Head, Safety and Regulatory Affairs, Procter & Gamble Health Care

Melinda A. Novak, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst

James A. Roth, Clarence Hartley Covault Distinguished Professor, Director, Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University

Lawrence Schook, Professor, Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Sheldon Sloan, Internal Medicine Portfolio Leader Established Products, Janssen Research & Development, LLC

Patricia Turner, Program Leader, Laboratory Animal Science and Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph

___________________

1 Affiliations of Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Council members were current as of September 2014.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
×

Staff

Frances E. Sharples, Acting Director

Lida Anestidou, Senior Program Officer

Angela Kolesnikova, Administrative Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Anne Deschamps, Federation of American Societies of Experimental Biology

Erik D. Dohm, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Mary A. Robinson, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Joe H. Simmons, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Allan Basbaum, University of California, San Francisco. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AALAS

American Association for Laboratory

Animal Science

APHIS

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

ATA

Animal Transport Association

CBP

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol

CDC

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

DHS

Department of Homeland Security

DOT

Department of Transportation

EARA

European Animal Research Association

e-CFR

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations

EU

European Union

FDA

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

FWS

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

HACCP

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system

IACUC

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

IATA

International Air Transport Association

ILAR

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

LAPB

Live Animals and Perishables Board

LAR

Live Animals Regulations

NC3Rs

National Centre for Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research

NGSS

Next Generation Science Standards

NHP

nonhuman primate

NIEHS

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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NIH

National Institutes of Health

OIE

World Organisation for Animal Health

SPF

specific pathogen free

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

WHO

World Health Organization

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Transportation of Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21734.
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The obligation to treat animals used in research ethically and humanely extends beyond their lives in the laboratory to include their transportation from place to place. Yet transporting animals is a highly regulated and complex process that raises many difficult issues.

To examine these issues, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a workshop on September 3-4, 2014, in Washington, DC. More than 200 people participated in the workshop in person and online, including representatives of academic research institutions, pharmaceutical and consumer product companies, government agencies, research advocacy groups, professional associations, and the public. The workshop was designed to draw attention to the essential thoughtful journey planning behind each transport of laboratory animals.

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