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Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary (2016)

Chapter: References

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21747.
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References

CSO (Central Statistical Office), MOH (Ministry of Health), TDRC (Tropical Diseases Research Centre), University of Zambia, and Macro International Inc. 2009. Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Calverton, MD: CSO and Macro International Inc.

Edelman Health Barometer. 2011. Edelman. http://www.slideshare.net/EdelmanInsights/edelman-health-barometer-2011-global-deck (accessed July 29, 2014).

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Henke, R. M., R. Z. Goetzel, J. McHugh, and F. Isaac. 2011. Recent experience in health promotion at Johnson & Johnson: Lower health spending, strong return on investment. Health Affairs 30(3):490-499.

Hussmanns, R. 1996. ILO’s recommendations on methodologies concerning informal sector data collection. Unveiling the informal sector: More than counting heads, edited by B. Herman and W. Stoffers. Aldershot, UK: Avebury.

Hymel, P. A., R. R. Loeppke, C. M. Baase, W. N. Burton, N. P. Hartenbaum, T. W. Hudson, R. K. McLellan, K. L. Mueller, M. A. Roberts, C. M. Yarborough, D. L. Konicki, and P. W. Larson. 2011. Workplace health protection and promotion: A new pathway for a healthier—and safer—workforce. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 53(6):695-702.

IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation). 2010. 2010 global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study. Seattle: University of Washington.

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McKinsey Global Institute. 2014. From poverty to empowerment: India’s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services. San Francisco: McKinsey & Company.

Page 98 Cite
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21747.
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Mills, A. 2014. Health care systems in low- and middle-income countries. New England Journal of Medicine 370(6):552-557.

Planning Commission of India. 2011. High level expert group report on universal health coverage in India. New Delhi: Planning Commission of India.

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Page 97 Cite
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21747.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21747.
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Universal health coverage (UHC) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in reducing social inequality and a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction. In most of the world UHC is sought through a combination of public and private-sector health care systems. In most low- and middle-income countries health systems are evolving to increasingly rely on the private sector because the public sector lacks the infrastructure and staff to meet all health care needs. With growing individual assets available for private-sector expenditure, patients often seek better access to technology, staff, and medicines. However, in low-income countries nearly 50 percent of health care financing is out-of-pocket. With the expected increase in the overall fraction of care provided through the private sector, these expenditures can be financially catastrophic for individuals in the informal workforce.

In the global workforce of approximately 3 billion people, only 10 to 15 percent are estimated to have some type of access to occupational health services. The informal workforce is growing worldwide, and the degree to which its occupational health needs are satisfied depends on the capabilities of the general health care system. In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop on approaches to universal health coverage and occupational health and safety for informal sector workers in developing countries. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries identifies best practices and lessons learned for the informal workforce in developing countries in the financing of health care with respect to health care delivery models that are especially suitable to meeting a population's needs for a variety of occupational health issues, including the prevention of or mitigation of hazardous risks and the costs of providing medical and rehabilitation services and other benefits to various types of workers within this population. These experiences and lessons learned may be useful for stakeholders in moving the discussions, policies, and mechanisms forward to increase equitable access to quality health services without financial hardship for the informal workforce.

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