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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Aetna Foundation, the Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the American Board of Family Medicine, the American Board of Internal Medicine, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)/American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy, the American Dental Education Association, the American Medical Association, the American Occupational Therapy Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry, the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, the Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions, the Atlantic Philanthropies, the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders, the Council on Social Work Education, Ghent University, the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the National Academies of Practice, the National Association of Social Workers, the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates, the National Board of Medical Examiners, the National League for Nursing, the Office of Academic Affiliations of the Veterans Health Administration, the Organization for Associate Degree Nursing, the Physician Assistant Education Association, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the University of Toronto. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the activity.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-37779-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-37779-X
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/21796
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Cover photo © 2013 Chelsea Hedquist, Courtesy of Photoshare. A community nutrition educator in Barwani, India, pauses outside a home to enter data on her mobile phone.
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the future of health professional education: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR ENVISIONING THE
FUTURE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1
MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI (Co-Chair), Society for Simulation in Healthcare
CHRISTOPHER OLSEN (Co-Chair), University of Wisconsin–Madison
TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association
JAMES G. FOX, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
ANDREW PLEASANT, Canyon Ranch Institute
SUSAN E. SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association
MARIA TASSONE, University of Toronto
DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
________________
1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1,2
MALCOLM COX (Co-Chair), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
SUSAN SCRIMSHAW (Co-Chair), The Sage Colleges
KENN APEL, Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders
MARY BARGER, American College of Nurse-Midwives
TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association
MARY BETH BIGLEY, Health Resources and Services Administration
JOANNA CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
LINDA CASSER, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry
MARILYN CHOW, Kaiser Permanente
THOMAS CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates
DARLA SPENCE COFFEY, Council on Social Work Education
JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University
MARIETJIE DE VILLIERS, Stellenbosch University
JAMES G. FOX, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
ELIZABETH (LIZA) GOLDBLATT, Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care
GARTH GRAHAM, Aetna Foundation
CATHERINE GRUS, American Psychological Association
MARYELLEN GUSIC, Association of American Medical Colleges
NEIL HARVISON, American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.
ERIC HOLMBOE, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
PAMELA JEFFRIES, George Washington University School of Nursing
RICK KELLERMAN, American Academy of Family Physicians
SANDEEP KISHORE, Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network
KATHRYN KOLASA, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
JOHN (JACK) KUES, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions
MARYJOAN LADDEN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
LUCINDA MAINE, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing
MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI, Society for Simulation in Healthcare
ANGELO MCCLAIN, National Association of Social Workers
FURMAN S. MCDONALD, American Board of Internal Medicine
________________
1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
2 This is the list of Forum members as of April 24, 2015.
LEMMIETTA G. MCNEILLY, American Speech–Language–Hearing Association
DONALD MELNICK, National Board of Medical Examiners
DONNA MEYER, Organization of Associate Degree Nursing
WARREN NEWTON, American Board of Family Medicine
BJORG PALSDOTTIR, Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)
RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University
SCOTT REEVES, Kingston University & St George’s, University of London
ELENA RIOS, National Hispanic Medical Association
EDWARD SALTZMAN, American Society for Nutrition
KAREN SANDERS, Veterans Health Administration
NELSON SEWANKAMBO, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
STEPHEN SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
SUSAN SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association
HARRISON SPENCER, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health
RICHARD (RICK) TALBOTT, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions
GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation
DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
RICHARD (RICK) W. VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association
SARITA VERMA, University of Toronto
SATYA VERMA, National Academies of Practice
PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
HOLLY WISE, American Council of Academic Physical Therapy
XUEJUN ZENG, Peking Union Medical College
BRENDA ZIERLER, American Academy of Nursing
IOM Staff
PATRICIA A. CUFF, Senior Program Officer
MEGAN M. PEREZ, Research Associate
BRIDGET C. CALLAGHAN, Research Assistant
AEYSHA CHAUDHRY, Intern
CHRISTIE BELL, Financial Officer (until September 2015)
FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Associate (from September 2015)
PATRICK W. KELLEY, Senior Board Director, Board on Global Health
Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
GERALDINE “POLLY” BEDNASH, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
THOMAS WARREN CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates
MICHELLE TROSETH, National Academies of Practice
SANJAY ZODPEY, Public Health Foundation of India
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by DON EUGENE DETMER, University of Virginia. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
Acknowledgments
It has been 5 years since the release of the Lancet Commission report Health Professionals for a New Century (Frenk et al., 2010), which initiated conversations for starting a global forum on health professional education (HPE) through the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Forum is now in its fourth year of existence and has explored numerous topics including interprofessional education, professionalism, assessment of HPE, and community-based HPE, as well as related policy issues. Part of the Forum’s portfolio also looked at the business side of the health professions. By bringing together thought-leaders who are passionate about both empowering women and strengthening health systems, members of the Forum learned how investment firms are promoting both goals through the social financing of nursing and midwifery enterprises across the globe. Forum members recognize the importance of learning from developing country experiences despite the logistical challenges posed by engaging speakers from low-resource regions of the world. Regardless, the Forum remains committed to greater inclusivity from global experts as well as further attention to faculty development for building a competent global health workforce.
Combining all of these efforts with the 5-year anniversary of the Lancet Commission report, it seemed fitting for the Global Forum to take stock of how far health professional education has progressed in the past 5 years toward the recommendations put forth by the Lancet Commission report. The topic of this workshop, Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education, did just that. The workshop planning committee pulled together an agenda that drew messages and lessons from past experiences for guid-
ing the path forward. In particular, the workshop planning committee co-chairs, Beth Mancini and Christopher Olsen, deserve recognition for their leadership in this endeavor, as well as the planning committee members, Timi Agar Barwick, James Fox, Andrew Pleasant, Susan Skochelak, Maria Tassone, and Deborah Trautman, for their support throughout the workshop. Such a wonderful event could not have happened without the keen dedication of the Academies staff of the Global Forum, including Patricia Cuff, senior program officer and forum director; Megan Perez, research associate; and Bridget Callaghan, research assistant. A special thank you goes to Patrick Kelley for envisioning and establishing the Global Forum. And most importantly, the 45 sponsors and 55 members of the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education are deeply appreciated, and make it possible to host events like the workshop described in this report.
REFERENCE
Frenk, J., L. Chen, Z. A. Bhutta, J. Cohen, N. Crisp, T. Evans, H. Fineberg, P. Garcia, Y. Ke, P. Kelley, B. Kistnasamy, A. Meleis, D. Naylor, A. Pablos-Mendez, S. Reddy, S. Scrimshaw, J. Sepulveda, D. Serwadda, and H. Zurayk. 2010. Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet 376(9756):1923-1958.
AACN | American Association of Colleges of Nursing |
AAVMC | Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges |
ACA | Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
ADEA | American Dental Education Association |
AHRQ | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
AIMS | Automated Intelligent Mentoring System |
AMA | American Medical Association |
CHW | community health worker |
CRI | Canyon Ranch Institute |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
FIOCRUZ | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
FQHC | Federally Qualified Health Center |
HPE | health professional education |
HPV | human papillomavirus |
IHI | Institute for Healthcare Improvement |
IHPE | Innovation in Health Professional Education (the Forum) |
IOM | Institute of Medicine |
IPE | interprofessional education |
IPEC | Interprofessional Education Collaborative |
IPP | interprofessional practice |
IT | information technology |
LINC | Leaders in Innovative Care |
MOH | Ministry of Health |
MOOC | massive open online course |
NGO | nongovernmental organization |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
OIE | World Organization for Animal Health |
PA | physician assistant |
RDN | Registered Dietitian Nutritionist |
REACH | Redesigning Education to Accelerate Change in Healthcare |
SA | social accountability |
SSH | Society for Simulation in Healthcare |
SyNC | Systems Navigation Curriculum |
TeamSTEPPS | Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety |
TQA | Teachers of Quality Academy |
WHO | World Health Organization |