National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 6 Findings and Recommendations
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

7

References

Abdel-Rahman, A., A. K. Shetty, and M. B. Abou-Donia. 2001. Subchronic dermal application of n,n-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. Experimental Neurology 172(1):153-171.

Abdel-Rahman, A., A. K. Shetty, and M. B. Abou-Donia. 2002. Disruption of the blood–brain barrier and neuronal cell death in cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus, thalamus, and hypothalamus in a rat model of Gulf-War syndrome. Neurobiology of Disease 10(3):306-326.

Abdel-Rahman, A., S. Abou-Donia, E. El-Masry, A. Shetty, and M. Abou-Donia. 2004. Stress and combined exposure to low doses of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin produce neurochemical and neuropathological alterations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 67(2):163-192.

Abdullah, L., G. Crynen, J. Reed, A. Bishop, J. Phillips, S. Ferguson, B. Mouzon, V. Mathura, M. Mullan, G. Ait-Ghezala, and F. Crawford. 2011. Proteomic CNS profile of delayed cognitive impairment in mice exposed to Gulf War agents. NeuroMolecular Medicine 13(4):275-288.

Abdullah, L., J. E. Evans, A. Bishop, J. M. Reed, G. Crynen, J. Phillips, R. Pelot, M. A. Mullan, A. Ferro, C. M. Mullan, M. J. Mullan, G. Ait-Ghezala, and F. C. Crawford. 2012. Lipidomic profiling of phosphocholine containing brain lipids in mice with sensorimotor deficits and anxiety-like features after exposure to Gulf War agents. NeuroMolecular Medicine 14(4):349-361.

Abdullah, L., J. E. Evans, H. Montague, J. M. Reed, A. Moser, G. Crynen, A. Gonzalez, Z. Zakirova, I. Ross, C. Mullan, M. Mullan, G. Ait-Ghezala, and F. Crawford. 2013. Chronic elevation of phosphocholine containing lipids in mice exposed to Gulf War agents pyridostigmine bromide and permethrin. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 40:74-84.

Abou-Donia, M. B., L. B. Goldstein, K. H. Jones, A. A. Abdel-Rahman, T. V. Damodaran, A. M. Dechkovskaia, S. L. Bullman, B. E. Amir, and W. A. Khan. 2001. Locomotor and sensorimotor performance deficit in rats following exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin, alone and in combination. Toxicological Sciences 60(2):305-314.

Abou-Donia, M. B., Dechkovskaia, A. M., Goldstein, L. B., Bullman, S. L., and A. K. Wasiuddin. 2002. Sensorimotor deficit and cholinergic changes following coexposure with pyridostigmine bromide and sarin in rats. Toxicological Sciences 66:148-158.

Abou-Donia, M. B., H. B. Suliman, W. A. Khan, and A. A. Abdel-Rahman. 2003. Testicular germ-cell apoptosis in stressed rats following combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 66(1):57-73.

Abou-Donia, M. B., A. M. Dechkovskaia, L. B. Goldstein, A. Abdel-Rahman, S. L. Bullman, and W. A. Khan. 2004. Co-exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and/or permethrin causes sensorimotor deficit and alterations in brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 77(2):253-262.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Abouzeid, M., H. L. Kelsall, A. B. Forbes, M. R. Sim, and M. C. Creamer. 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder and hypertension in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 72(1):33-38.

Albertini, R. J., P. M. Vacek, E. W. Carter, J. A. Nicklas, K. S. Squibb, P. W. Gucer, S. M. Engelhardt, and M. A. McDiarmid. 2015. Mutagenicity monitoring following battlefield exposures: Longitudinal study of HPRT mutations in Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 56(7):581-593.

ALS Association. 2008. Who gets ALS.http://www.alsa.org (accessed November 19, 2015).

Al-Turkait, F. A., and J. U. Ohaeri. 2008. Prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder among Kuwaiti military men according to level of involvement in the first Gulf War. Depression and Anxiety 25(11):932-941.

American Cancer Society. 2015. Cancer facts and figures 2015.http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf (accessed June 17, 2015).

Amin, M. M., Z. Belisova, S. Hossain, M. S. Gold, J. E. Broderick, and A. R. Gold. 2011. Inspiratory airflow dynamics during sleep in veterans with Gulf War illness: A controlled study. Sleep and Breathing 15(3):333-339.

Amourette, C., I. Lamproglou, L. Barbier, W. Fauquette, A. Zoppe, R. Viret, and M. Diserbo. 2009. Gulf War illness: Effects of repeated stress and pyridostigmine treatment on blood–brain barrier permeability and cholinesterase activity in rat brain. Behavioural Brain Research 203(2):207-214.

Ang, D. C., P. M. Peloso, R. F. Woolson, K. Kroenke, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2006. Predictors of incident chronic widespread pain among veterans following the first Gulf War. Clinical Journal of Pain 22(6):554-563.

Annegers, J. F., S. H. Appel, P. Perkins, and J. Lee. 1991. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality rates in Harris County, Texas. Advances in Neurology 56:239-243.

APA (American Psychological Association). 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Association.

APA. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Association.

Apfel, B. A., J. Ross, J. Hlavin, D. J. Meyerhoff, T. J. Metzler, C. R. Marmar, M. W. Weiner, N. Schuff, and T. C. Neylan. 2011. Hippocampal volume differences in Gulf War veterans with current versus lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Biological Psychiatry 69(6):541-548.

Araneta, M. R., K. M. Schlangen, L. D. Edmonds, D. A. Destiche, R. D. Merz, C. A. Hobbs, T. J. Flood, J. A. Harris, D. Krishnamurti, and G. C. Gray. 2003. Prevalence of birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans in Arkansas, Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, and Iowa, 1989-1993. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 67(4):246-260.

Araneta, M. R., D. R. Kamens, A. C. Zau, V. M. Gastanaga, K. M. Schlangen, K. M. Hiliopoulos, and G. C. Gray. 2004. Conception and pregnancy during the Persian Gulf War: The risk to women veterans. Annals of Epidemiology 14(2):109-116.

Armon, C. 2003. An evidence-based medicine approach to the evaluation of the role of exogenous risk factors in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 22(4):217-228.

Armon, C. 2004. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In Neuroepidemiology: From principles to practice, edited by L. Nelson, C. Tanner, S. Van Den Eeden, and V. McGuire. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 162-187.

Armon, C., L. T. Kurland, J. R. Daube, and P. C. O’Brien. 1991. Epidemiologic correlates of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 41(7):1077-1084.

Axelrod, S. R., C. A. Morgan, 3rd, and S. M. Southwick. 2005. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. American Journal of Psychiatry 162(2):270-275.

Bakhmutsky, M. V., M. S. Oliver, M. A. McDiarmid, K. S. Squibb, and J. D. Tucker. 2011. Long term depleted uranium exposure in Gulf War I veterans does not cause elevated numbers of micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutation Research 720(1-2):53-57.

Bakhmutsky, M. V., K. Squibb, M. McDiarmid, M. Oliver, and J. D. Tucker. 2013. Long-term exposure to depleted uranium in Gulf-War veterans does not induce chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutation Research 757(2):132-139.

Barbier, L., M. Diserbo, I. Lamproglou, C. Amourette, A. Peinnequin, and W. Fauquette. 2009. Repeated stress in combination with pyridostigmine. Part II: Changes in cerebral gene expression. Behavioural Brain Research 197(2):292-300.

Barrett, D. H., C. C. Doebbeling, D. A. Schwartz, M. D. Voelker, K. H. Falter, R. F. Woolson, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2002. Posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical health status among U.S. military personnel serving during the Gulf War period: A population-based study. Psychosomatics 43(3):195-205.

Barth, S. K., H. K. Kang, T. A. Bullman, and M. T. Wallin. 2009. Neurological mortality among U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 13-year follow-up. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 52(9):663-670.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Bell, N. S., P. J. Amoroso, D. H. Wegman, and L. Senier. 2001. Proposed explanations for excess injury among veterans of the Persian Gulf War and a call for greater attention from policymakers and researchers. Injury Prevention 7(1):4-9.

Bennett, R. M., R. Friend, D. Marcus, C. Bernstein, B. K. Han, R. Yachoui, A. Deodhar, A. Kaell, P. Bonafede, A. Chino, and K. D. Jones. 2014. Criteria for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia: Validation of the modified 2010 preliminary American College of Rheumatology criteria and the development of alternative criteria. Arthritis Care and Research (Hoboken) 66(9):1364-1373.

Bierer, L. M., I. Ivanov, D. M. Carpenter, E. W. Wong, J. A. Golier, C. Y. Tang, and R. Yehuda. 2015. White matter abnormalities in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 51:567-576.

Black, D. W., B. N. Doebbeling, M. D. Voelker, W. R. Clarke, R. F. Woolson, D. H. Barrett, and D. A. Schwartz. 1999. Quality of life and health-services utilization in a population-based sample of military personnel reporting multiple chemical sensitivities. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 41(10):928-933.

Black, D. W., B. N. Doebbeling, M. D. Voelker, W. R. Clarke, R. F. Woolson, D. H. Barrett, and D. A. Schwartz. 2000. Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: Symptom prevalence and risk factors in a military population. Archives of Internal Medicine 160(8):1169-1176.

Black, D. W., C. P. Carney, V. L. Forman-Hoffman, E. Letuchy, P. Peloso, R. F. Woolson, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2004a. Depression in veterans of the first Gulf War and comparable military controls. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 16(2):53-61.

Black, D. W., C. P. Carney, P. M. Peloso, R. F. Woolson, D. A. Schwartz, M. D. Voelker, D. H. Barrett, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2004b. Gulf War veterans with anxiety: Prevalence, comorbidity, and risk factors. Epidemiology 15(2):135-142.

Black, D. W., N. Blum, E. Letuchy, C. Carney Doebbeling, V. L. Forman-Hoffman, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2006. Borderline personality disorder and traits in veterans: Psychiatric comorbidity, healthcare utilization, and quality of life along a continuum of severity. CNS Spectrums 11(9):680-689; quiz 719.

Black, P. H., and L. D. Garbutt. 2002. Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 52(1):1-23.

Blanchard, M. S., S. A. Eisen, R. Alpern, J. Karlinsky, R. Toomey, D. J. Reda, F. M. Murphy, L. W. Jackson, and H. K. Kang. 2006. Chronic multisymptom illness complex in Gulf War I veterans 10 years later. American Journal of Epidemiology 163(1):66-75.

Bleil, M. E., N. E. Adler, L. A. Pasch, B. Sternfeld, S. E. Gregorich, M. P. Rosen, and M. I. Cedars. 2012. Psychological stress and reproductive aging among pre-menopausal women. Human Reproduction 27(9):2720-2728.

Blore, J. D., M. R. Sim, A. B. Forbes, M. C. Creamer, and H. L. Kelsall. 2015. Depression in Gulf War veterans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 45(8):1565-1580.

Bossarte, R. M. 2014. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Gulf War: Veterans’ Health. December 3, 2014. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Public Health, Washington, DC.

Bourdette, D. N., L. A. McCauley, A. Barkhuizen, W. Johnston, M. Wynn, S. K. Joos, D. Storzbach, T. Shuell, and D. Sticker. 2001. Symptom factor analysis, clinical findings, and functional status in a population-based case control study of Gulf War unexplained illness. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43(12):1026-1040.

Brailey, K., J. J. Vasterling, and P. B. Sutker. 1998. Psychological aftermath of participation in the Persian Gulf War. In The environment and mental health: A guide for clinicians, edited by A. Lundberg. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 83-101.

Broderick, G., A. Kreitz, J. Fuite, M. A. Fletcher, S. D. Vernon, and N. Klimas. 2011. A pilot study of immune network remodeling under challenge in Gulf War illness. Brain Behavior and Immunity 25(2):302-313.

Broderick, G., M. A. Fletcher, M. Gallagher, Z. Barnes, S. D. Vernon, and N. G. Klimas. 2012. Exploring the diagnostic potential of immune biomarker coexpression in Gulf War illness. In Psychoneuroimmunology. Vol. 934, edited by Q. Yan. New York: Springer. Pp. 145-164.

Broderick, G., R. Ben-Hamo, S. Vashishtha, S. Efroni, L. Nathanson, Z. Barnes, M. A. Fletcher, and N. Klimas. 2013. Altered immune pathway activity under exercise challenge in Gulf War illness: An exploratory analysis. Brain Behavior and Immunity 28:159-169.

Brophy, V. H., R. L. Jampsa, J. B. Clendenning, L. A. McKinstry, G. P. Jarvik, and C. E. Furlong. 2001. Effects of 5′ regulatory-region polymorphisms on paraoxonase-gene (PON1) expression. American Journal of Human Genetics 68(6):1428-1436.

Buchholz, B. A., N. H. Pawley, J. S. Vogel, and R. J. Mauthe. 1997. Pyrethroid decrease in central nervous system from nervous agent pretreatment. Journal of Applied Toxicology 17(4):231-234.

Buchwald, D., and D. Garrity. 1994. Comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and multiple chemical sensitivities. Archives of Internal Medicine 154(18):2049-2053.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Bukowinski, A. T., C. DeScisciolo, A. M. S. Conlin, M. A. K. Ryan, C. J. Sevick, and T. C. Smith. 2012. Birth defects in infants born in 1998-2004 to men and women serving in the U.S. military during the 1990-1991 Gulf War era. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 94(9):721-728.

Bullman, T. A., C. M. Mahan, H. K. Kang, and W. F. Page. 2005. Mortality in U.S. Army Gulf War veterans exposed to 1991 Khamisiyah chemical munitions destruction. American Journal of Public Health 95(8):1382-1388.

California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. 2009. Programs.http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/CBDMP/Pages/default.aspx (accessed November 19, 2015).

Calley, C. S., M. A. Kraut, J. S. Spence, R. W. Briggs, R. W. Haley, and J. Hart, Jr. 2010. The neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with Gulf War illnesses: A pilot study. Brain Imaging and Behavior 4(3-4):248-255.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2014. What are the risk factors for lung cancer?http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm (accessed September 1, 2015).

CDC. 2015a. Diabetes latest. http://www.cdc.gov/features/diabetesfactsheet (accessed July 24, 2015).

CDC. 2015b. Adult obesity facts. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html (accessed July 24, 2015).

Cermelli, C., M. Vinceti, F. Beretti, V. Pietrini, G. Nacci, P. Pietrosemoli, A. Bartoletti, D. Guidetti, P. Sola, M. Bergomi, G. Vivoli, and M. Portolani. 2003. Risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with seropositivity for herpesviruses and echovirus-7. European Journal of Epidemiology 18(2):123-127.

Chalder, T., G. Berelowitz, T. Pawlikowska, L. Watts, S. Wessely, D. Wright, and E. P. Wallace. 1993. Development of a fatigue scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 37(2):147-153.

Chao, L. L., J. C. Rothlind, V. A. Cardenas, D. J. Meyerhoff, and M. W. Weiner. 2010. Effects of low-level exposure to sarin and cyclosarin during the 1991 Gulf War on brain function and brain structure in U.S. veterans. NeuroToxicology 31(5):493-501.

Chao, L. L., L. Abadjian, J. Hlavin, D. J. Meyerhoff, and M. W. Weiner. 2011. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and Gulf War illness on brain structure and function: A study at 4t. NeuroToxicology 32(6):814-822.

Chao, L. L., K. Yaffe, K. Samuelson, and T. C. Neylan. 2014a. Hippocampal volume is inversely related to PTSD duration. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 222(3):119-123.

Chao, L. L., B. S. Mohlenhoff, M. W. Weiner, and T. C. Neylan. 2014b. Associations between subjective sleep quality and brain volume in Gulf War veterans. Sleep 37(3):445-452.

Chao, L. L., Y. Zhang, and S. Buckley. 2015. Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on white matter integrity in Gulf War veterans. NeuroToxicology 48:239-248.

Cheng, Y. S., Y. Zhou, J. Chow, J. Watson, and C. Frazier. 2001. Chemical composition of aerosols from kerosene heaters burning jet fuels. Aerosol Science and Technology 35(6):949-957.

Cherry, N., F. Creed, A. Silman, G. Dunn, D. Baxter, J. Smedley, S. Taylor, and G. J. Macfarlane. 2001a. Health and exposures of United Kingdom Gulf War veterans. Part I: The pattern and extent of ill health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58(5):291-298.

Cherry, N., F. Creed, A. Silman, G. Dunn, D. Baxter, J. Smedley, S. Taylor, and G. J. Macfarlane. 2001b. Health and exposures of United Kingdom Gulf War veterans. Part II: The relation of health to exposure. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58(5):299-306.

Chio, A., G. Benzi, M. Dossena, R. Mutani, and G. Mora. 2005. Severely increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Italian professional football players. Brain 128(Pt 3):472-476.

Clark, C. M., J. A. Schneider, B. J. Bedell, T. G. Beach, W. B. Bilker, M. A. Mintun, M. J. Pontecorvo, F. Hefti, A. P. Carpenter, M. L. Flitter, M. J. Krautkramer, H. F. Kung, R. E. Coleman, P. M. Doraiswamy, A. S. Fleisher, M. N. Sabbagh, C. H. Sadowsky, E. P. Reiman, S. P. Zehntner, and D. M. Skovronsky. 2011. Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology. Journal of the American Medical Association 305(3):275-283.

Coffman, C. J., R. D. Horner, S. C. Grambow, and J. Lindquist. 2005. Estimating the occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War (1990-1991) veterans using capture-recapture methods: An assessment of case ascertainment bias. Neuroepidemiology 24(3):141-150.

Cogliano, V. J., R. A. Baan, K. Straif, Y. Grosse, M. B. Secretan, F. El Ghissassi, and P. Kleihues. 2004. The science and practice of carcinogen identification and evaluation. Environmental Health Perspectives 112(13):1269-1274.

Conn, C. A., K. Dokladny, M. G. Menache, E. B. Barr, W. Kozak, A. Kozak, M. Wachulec, K. Rudolph, M. J. Kluger, and R. F. Henderson. 2002. Effects of sarin on temperature and activity of rats as a model for Gulf War syndrome neuroregulatory functions. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 184(2):77-81.

Cook, D. B., A. J. Stegner, and L. D. Ellingson. 2010. Exercise alters pain sensitivity in Gulf War veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Journal of Pain 11(8):764-772.

Costa, L. G., A. Vitalone, T. B. Cole, and C. E. Furlong. 2005. Modulation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 69(4):541-550.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Coughlin, S. S., H. K. Kang, and C. M. Mahan. 2011a. Selected health conditions among overweight, obese, and non-obese veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Results from a survey conducted in 2003-2005. Open Epidemiology Journal 4:140-146.

Coughlin, S. S., H. K. Kang, and C. M. Mahan. 2011b. Alcohol use and selected health conditions of 1991 Gulf War veterans: Survey results, 2003-2005. Preventing Chronic Disease 8(3):1-11.

Cowan, D. N., R. F. DeFraites, G. C. Gray, M. B. Goldenbaum, and S. M. Wishik. 1997. The risk of birth defects among children of Persian Gulf War veterans. New England Journal of Medicine 336(23):1650-1656.

Cowan, D. N., J. L. Lange, J. Heller, J. Kirkpatrick, and S. DeBakey. 2002. A case-control study of asthma among U.S. Army Gulf War veterans and modeled exposure to oil-well fire smoke. Military Medicine 167(9):777-782.

Craddock, T. J., J. M. Harvey, L. Nathanson, Z. M. Barnes, N. G. Klimas, M. Fletcher, and G. Broderick. 2015. Using gene expression signatures to identify novel treatment strategies in Gulf War illness. BMC Medical Genomics 8(36):1-13.

DASA (Defence Analytical Services Agency). 2005. 1990/1991 Gulf conflict—UK Gulf veterans mortality data: Causes of death. Newport, South Wales, UK: National Statistics.

DASA. 2009. 1990/1991 Gulf conflict—UK Gulf veterans mortality data: Causes of death, 31 Dec 2008. Bath, UK: National Statistics.

DASA, 2015. 1990/1991 Gulf conflict—UK Gulf veterans mortality data: Causes of death, 26 March 2015. Bristol, UK: National Statistics.

David, A. S., L. Farrin, L. Hull, C. Unwin, S. Wessely, and T. Wykes. 2002. Cognitive functioning and disturbances of mood in UK veterans of the Persian Gulf War: A comparative study. Psychological Medicine 32(8):1357-1370.

Davies, H. G., R. J. Richter, M. Keifer, C. A. Broomfield, J. Sowalla, and C. Furlong. 1996. The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin. Nature Genetics 14(3):334-336.

Davis, L. E., S. A. Eisen, F. M. Murphy, R. Alpern, B. J. Parks, M. Blanchard, D. J. Reda, M. K. King, F. A. Mithen, and H. K. Kang. 2004. Clinical and laboratory assessment of distal peripheral nerves in Gulf War veterans and spouses. Neurology 63(6):1070-1077.

DeJesus-Hernandez, M., I. R. Mackenzie, B. F. Boeve, A. L. Boxer, M. Baker, N. J. Rutherford, A. M. Nicholson, N. A. Finch, H. Flynn, J. Adamson, N. Kouri, A. Wojtas, P. Sengdy, G. Y. Hsiung, A. Karydas, W. W. Seeley, K. A. Josephs, G. Coppola, D. H. Geschwind, Z. K. Wszolek, H. Feldman, D. S. Knopman, R. C. Petersen, B. L. Miller, D. W. Dickson, K. B. Boylan, N. R. Graff-Radford, and R. Rademakers. 2011. Expanded ggggcc hexanucleotide repeat in noncoding region of c9orf72 causes chromosome 9p-linked FTD and ALS. Neuron 72(2):245-256.

Diaz-Torne, C., H. R. Schumacher, X. Yu, C. Gomez-Vaquero, L. Dai, L. X. Chen, G. Clayburne, E. Einhorn, R. M. Sachdeva, J. A. Singh, and F. Pessler. 2007. Absence of histologic evidence of synovitis in patients with Gulf War veterans’ illness with joint pain. Arthritis and Rheumatism 57(7):1316-1323.

Dlugosz, L. J., W. J. Hocter, K. S. Kaiser, J. D. Knoke, J. M. Heller, N. A. Hamid, R. J. Reed, K. S. Kendler, and G. C. Gray. 1999. Risk factors for mental disorder hospitalization after the Persian Gulf War: U.S. Armed Forces, June 1, 1991-September 30, 1993. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 52(12):1267-1278.

DoD (Department of Defense). 2001. Environmental exposure report: Pesticides, final report. Falls Church, VA: Department of Defense.

DoD. 2004. Task force report on care for victims of sexual assault. Washington, DC.

Doebbeling, B. N., W. R. Clarke, D. Watson, J. C. Torner, R. F. Woolson, M. D. Voelker, D. H. Barrett, and D. A. Schwartz. 2000. Is there a Persian Gulf War syndrome? Evidence from a large population-based survey of veterans and nondeployed controls. American Journal of Medicine 108(9):695-704.

Doyle, P., N. Maconochie, G. Davies, I. Maconochie, M. Pelerin, S. Prior, and S. Lewis. 2004. Miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital malformation in the offspring of UK veterans of the first Gulf War. International Journal of Epidemiology 33(1):74-86.

Dubovicky, M., S. Paton, M. Morris, M. Mach, and J. B. Lucot. 2007. Effects of combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide and shaker stress on acoustic startle response, pre-pulse inhibition and open field behavior in mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology 27(3):276-283.

Dursa, E. K., S. K. Barth, A. I. Schneiderman, and R. M. Bossarte. 2016. Physical and mental health status of Gulf War and Gulf era veterans. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58(1):41-46.

Efroni, S., C. F. Schaefer, and K. H. Buetow. 2007. Identification of key processes underlying cancer phenotypes using biologic pathway analysis. PLoS ONE 2(5):e425.

Efroni, S., R. Duttagupta, J. Cheng, H. Dehghani, D. J. Hoeppner, C. Dash, D. P. Bazett-Jones, S. Le Grice, R. D. McKay, K. H. Buetow, T. R. Gingeras, T. Misteli, and E. Meshorer. 2008. Global transcription in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2(5):437-447.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Eisen, S. A., H. K. Kang, F. M. Murphy, M. S. Blanchard, D. J. Reda, W. G. Henderson, R. Toomey, L. W. Jackson, R. Alpern, B. J. Parks, N. Klimas, C. Hall, H. S. Pak, J. Hunter, J. Karlinsky, M. J. Battistone, M. J. Lyons, and Gulf War Study Participating Investigators. 2005. Gulf War veterans’ health: Medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort. Annals of Internal Medicine 142(11):881-890.

Everson, M. P., K. Shi, P. Aldridge, A. A. Bartolucci, and W. D. Blackburn. 2002. Immunological responses are not abnormal in symptomatic Gulf War veterans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 966:327-342.

Fiedler, N., G. Ozakinci, W. Hallman, D. Wartenberg, N. T. Brewer, D. H. Barrett, and H. M. Kipen. 2006. Military deployment to the Gulf War as a risk factor for psychiatric illness among US troops. British Journal of Psychiatry 188:453-459.

Forbes, A. B., D. P. McKenzie, A. J. Mackinnon, H. L. Kelsall, A. C. McFarlane, J. F. Ikin, D. C. Glass, and M. R. Sim. 2004. The health of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(12):1014-1020.

Forman-Hoffman, V. L., P. M. Peloso, D. W. Black, R. F. Woolson, E. M. Letuchy, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2007. Chronic widespread pain in veterans of the first Gulf War: Impact of deployment status and associated health effects. Journal of Pain 8(12):954-961.

Fotuhi, M., D. Do, and C. Jack. 2012. Modifiable factors that alter the size of the hippocampus with ageing. Nature Reviews. Neurology 8(4):189-202.

Fricker, R. D., E. Reardon, D. M. Spektor, S. K. Cotton, J. Hawes-Dawson, J. E. Pace, and S. D. Hosek. 2000. Pesticide use during the Gulf War: A survey of Gulf War veterans. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

Friedman, A., D. Kaufer, J. Shemer, I. Hendler, H. Soreq, and I. Tur-Kaspa. 1996. Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enhances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response. Nature Medicine 2(12):1382-1385.

Frommelt, R. A., M. R. Peterson, and T. J. O’Leary. 2000. A comparison of cervical pathology between United States Air Force women who did and did not serve in the Persian Gulf War. Annals of Epidemiology 10(5):285-292.

Fukuda, K., S. E. Straus, I. Hickie, M. C. Sharpe, J. G. Dobbins, and A. Komaroff. 1994. The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Annals of Internal Medicine 121(12):953-959.

Fukuda, K., R. Nisenbaum, G. Stewart, W. W. Thompson, L. Robin, R. M. Washko, D. L. Noah, D. H. Barrett, B. Randall, B. L. Herwaldt, A. C. Mawle, and W. C. Reeves. 1998. Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War. Journal of the American Medical Association 280(11):981-988.

Gackstetter, G. D., T. I. Hooper, S. F. DeBakey, A. Johnson, B. E. Nagaraj, J. M. Heller, and H. K. Kang. 2006. Fatal motor vehicle crashes among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and exposure to munitions demolitions at Khamisiyah: A nested case-control study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 49(4):261-270.

Gade, D. M., and J. B. Wenger. 2011. Combat exposure and mental health: The long-term effects among U.S. Vietnam and Gulf War veterans. Health Economics 20(4):401-416.

Gadermann, A. M., J. Alonso, G. Vilagut, A. M. Zaslavsky, and R. C. Kessler. 2012. Comorbidity and disease burden in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Depression and Anxiety 29(9):797-806.

Galatzer-Levy, I. R., and R. A. Bryant. 2013. 636,120 ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspectives on Psychological Science 8(6):651-662.

GAO (General Accountability Office). 2004. Gulf War illness: DOD’s conclusions about U.S. troops’ exposure cannot be adequately supported. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office. Report No. GAO-04-821T.

Georgopoulos, A. P., L. M. James, M. Y. Mahan, J. Joseph, A. Georgopoulos, and B. E. Engdahl. 2015. Reduced human leukocyte antigen (HLA) protection in Gulf War illness (GWI). EBioMedicine 3:79-85.

Gijselinck, I., T. Van Langenhove, J. van der Zee, K. Sleegers, S. Philtjens, G. Kleinberger, J. Janssens, K. Bettens, C. Van Cauwenberghe, S. Pereson, S. Engelborghs, A. Sieben, P. De Jonghe, R. Vandenberghe, P. Santens, J. De Bleecker, G. Maes, V. Baumer, L. Dillen, G. Joris, I. Cuijt, E. Corsmit, E. Elinck, J. Van Dongen, S. Vermeulen, M. Van den Broeck, C. Vaerenberg, M. Mattheijssens, K. Peeters, W. Robberecht, P. Cras, J. J. Martin, P. P. De Deyn, M. Cruts, and C. Van Broeckhoven. 2012. A c9orf72 promoter repeat expansion in a Flanders-Belgian cohort with disorders of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum: A gene identification study. Lancet Neurology 11(1):54-65.

Gopinath, K., P. Gandhi, A. Goyal, L. Jiang, Y. Fang, L. Ouyang, S. Ganji, D. Buhner, W. Ringe, J. Spence, M. Biggs, R. Briggs, and R. Haley. 2012. FMRI reveals abnormal central processing of sensory and pain stimuli in ill Gulf War veterans. NeuroToxicology 33(3):261-271.

Goss Gilroy Inc. 1998. Health study of Canadian forces personnel involved in the 1991 conflict in the Persian Gulf: Volume 1. Ottawa, Canada: Goss Gilroy Inc., and Department of National Defence.

Grauer, E., D. Alkalai, J. Kapon, G. Cohen, and L. Raveh. 2000. Stress does not enable pyridostigmine to inhibit brain cholinesterase after parenteral administration. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 164(3):301-304.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Gray, G. C., and H. Kang. 2006. Healthcare utlization and mortality among veterans of the Gulf War. Philisophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361(1468):553-569.

Gray, G. C., B. D. Coate, C. M. Anderson, H. K. Kang, S. W. Berg, F. S. Wignall, J. D. Knoke, and E. Barrett-Connor. 1996. The postwar hospitalization experience of U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War. New England Journal of Medicine 335(20):1505-1513.

Gray, G. C., K. S. Kaiser, A. W. Hawksworth, F. W. Hall, and E. Barrett-Connor. 1999a. Increased postwar symptoms and psychological morbidity among U.S. Navy Gulf War veterans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60(5):758-766.

Gray, G. C., T. C. Smith, J. D. Knoke, and J. M. Heller. 1999b. The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq. American Journal of Epidemiology 150(5):532-540.

Gray, G. C., T. C. Smith, H. K. Kang, and J. D. Knoke. 2000. Are Gulf War veterans suffering war-related illnesses? Federal and civilian hospitalizations examined, June 1991 to December 1994. American Journal of Epidemiology 151(1):63-71.

Gray, G. C., R. J. Reed, K. S. Kaiser, T. C. Smith, and V. M. Gastanaga. 2002. Self-reported symptoms and medical conditions among 11,868 Gulf War-era veterans: The Seabee Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 155(11):1033-1044.

Griffiths, G. D., R. J. Hornby, C. P. Jagger, A. P. Brown, A. Stoten, P. C. Pearce, L. Scott, and D. I. Pritchard. 2006. Development of methods to measure humoral immune responses against selected antigens in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the effect of pyridostigmine bromide administration. International Immunopharmacology 6(12):1755-1764.

Gwini, S. M., A. B. Forbes, H. L. Kelsall, J. F. Ikin, and M. R. Sim. 2015. Increased symptom reporting persists in 1990-1991 Gulf War veterans 20 years post deployment. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 58(12):1246-1254.

Haley, R. W. 2003. Excess incidence of ALS in young Gulf War veterans. Neurology. 61(6):750-756.

Haley, R. W., and T. L. Kurt. 1997. Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Journal of the American Medical Association 277(3):231-237.

Haley, R. W., and J. J. Tuite. 2013. Epidemiologic evidence of health effects from long-distance transit of chemical weapons fallout from bombing early in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Neuroepidemiology 40(3):178-189.

Haley, R. W., J. Hom, P. S. Roland, W. W. Bryan, P. C. Van Ness, F. J. Bonte, M. D. Devous, D. Mathews, J. L. Fleckenstein, F. H. J. Wians, G. I. Wolfe, and T. L. Kurt. 1997a. Evaluation of neurologic function in Gulf War veterans: A blinded case-control study. Journal of the American Medical Association 277(3):223-230.

Haley, R. W., T. L. Kurt, and J. Hom. 1997b. Is there a Gulf War syndrome? Searching for syndromes by factor analysis of symptoms. Journal of the American Medical Association 277(3):215-222.

Haley, R. W., S. Billecke, and B. N. La Du. 1999. Association of low PON1 type Q (type A) arylesterase activity with neurologic symptom complexes in Gulf War veterans. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 157(3):227-233.

Haley, R. W., J. L. Fleckenstein, W. W. Marshall, G. G. McDonald, G. L. Kramer, and F. Petty. 2000a. Effect of basal ganglia injury on central dopamine activity in Gulf War syndrome: Correlation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and plasma homovanillic acid levels. Archives of Neurology 57(9):1280-1285.

Haley, R. W., W. W. Marshall, G. G. McDonald, M. A. Daugherty, F. Petty, and J. L. Fleckenstein. 2000b. Brain abnormalities in Gulf War syndrome: Evaluation with 1H MR spectroscopy. Radiology 215(3):807-817.

Haley, R. W., G. D. Luk, and F. Petty. 2001. Use of structural equation modeling to test the construct validity of a case definition of Gulf War syndrome: Invariance over developmental and validation samples, service branches and publicity. Psychiatry Research 102(2):175-200.

Haley, R. W., W. Vongpatanasin, G. I. Wolfe, W. W. Bryan, R. Armitage, R. F. Hoffmann, F. Petty, T. S. Callahan, E. Charuvastra, W. E. Shell, W. W. Marshall, and R. G. Victor. 2004. Blunted circadian variation in autonomic regulation of sinus node function in veterans with Gulf War syndrome. American Journal of Medicine 117(7):469-478.

Haley, R. W., J. S. Spence, P. S. Carmack, R. F. Gunst, W. R. Schucany, F. Petty, M. D. Devous, Sr., F. J. Bonte, and M. H. Trivedi. 2009. Abnormal brain response to cholinergic challenge in chronic encephalopathy from the 1991 Gulf War. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 171(3):207-220.

Haley, R. W., J. Kramer, J. Xiao, and J. Teiber. 2010. Gene-environment interaction between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and nerve agent exposure for chronic encephalopathy in Gulf War veterans. American Journal of Epidemiology 171(Suppl):5154.

Haley, R. W., E. Charuvastra, W. E. Shell, D. M. Buhner, W. W. Marshall, M. M. Biggs, S. C. Hopkins, G. I. Wolfe, and S. Vernino. 2013. Cholinergic autonomic dysfunction in veterans with Gulf War illness: Confirmation in a population-based sample. Journal of the American Medical Association Neurology 70(2):191-200.

Hallman, W. K., H. M. Kipen, M. Diefenbach, K. Boyd, H. Kang, H. Leventhal, and D. Wartenberg. 2003. Symptom patterns among Gulf War registry veterans. American Journal of Public Health 93(4):624-630.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Hattiangady, B., V. Mishra, M. Kodali, B. Shuai, X. Rao, and A. K. Shetty. 2014. Object location and object recognition memory impairments, motivation deficits and depression in a model of Gulf War illness. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 8:78.

Higgins, E. M., K. Ismail, K. Kant, K. Harman, J. Mellerio, A. W. Du Vivier, and S. Wessely. 2002. Skin disease in Gulf War veterans. QJM 95(10):671-676.

Hines, S. E., P. Gucer, S. Kligerman, R. Breyer, J. Centeno, J. Gaitens, M. Oliver, S. Engelhardt, K. Squibb, and M. McDiarmid. 2013. Pulmonary health effects in Gulf War I service members exposed to depleted uranium. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 55(8):937-944.

Hom, J., R. W. Haley, and T. L. Kurt. 1997. Neuropsychological correlates of Gulf War syndrome. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 12(6):531-544.

Hornby, R. J., P. C. Pearce, A. P. Bowditch, L. Scott, and G. D. Griffiths. 2006. Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine bromide interactions in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus: Immunological and endocrinological effects. International Immunopharmacology 6(12):1765-1779.

Horner, R. D., K. G. Kamins, J. R. Feussner, S. C. Grambow, J. Hoff-Lindquist, Y. Harati, H. Mitsumoto, R. Pascuzzi, P. S. Spencer, R. Tim, D. Howard, T. C. Smith, M. A. Ryan, C. J. Coffman, and E. J. Kasarskis. 2003. Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans. Neurology 61(6):742-749.

Horner, R. D., S. C. Grambow, C. J. Coffman, J. H. Lindquist, E. Z. Oddone, K. D. Allen, and E. J. Kasarskis. 2008. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War veterans: Evidence for a time-limited outbreak. Neuroepidemiology 31(1):28-32.

Hotopf, M., A. S. David, L. Hull, V. Nikalaou, C. Unwin, and S. Wessely. 2003a. Gulf War illness—better, worse, or just the same? A cohort study. British Medical Journal 327(7428):1370-1372.

Hotopf, M., M. I. Mackness, V. Nikolaou, D. A. Collier, C. Curtis, A. David, P. Durrington, L. Hull, K. Ismail, M. Peakman, C. Unwin, S. Wessely, and B. Mackness. 2003b. Paraoxonase in Persian Gulf War veterans. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45(7):668-675.

Hoy, J. B., J. A. Cornell, J. L. Karlix, C. J. Schmidt, I. R. Tebbett, and F. van Haaren. 2000a. Interactions of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET and permethrin alter locomotor behavior of rats. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 42(2):65-71.

Hoy, J. B., J. A. Cornell, J. L. Karlix, I. R. Tebbett, and F. van Haaren. 2000b. Repeated coadministrations of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin alter locomotor behavior of rats. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 42(2):72-76.

Hubbard, N. A., J. L. Hutchison, M. A. Motes, E. Shokri-Kojori, I. J. Bennett, R. M. Brigante, R. W. Haley, and B. Rypma. 2014. Central executive dysfunction and deferred prefrontal processing in veterans with Gulf War illness. Clinical Psychological Science 2(3):319-327.

Husain, K., and S. M. Somani. 2004. Persistent/delayed toxic effects of low-dose sarin and pyridostigmine under physical stress (exercise) in mice. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 48(2):150-164.

Hyams, K. C., K. Hanson, F. S. Wignall, J. Escamilla, and E. C. Oldfield, 3rd. 1995. The impact of infectious diseases on the health of U.S. troops deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20(6):1497-1504.

Hyams, K. C., J. Riddle, D. H. Trump, and J. T. Graham. 2001. Endemic infectious diseases and biological warfare during the Gulf War: A decade of analysis and final concerns. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65(5):664-670.

Iannacchione, V. G., J. A. Dever, C. M. Bann, K. A. Considine, D. Creel, C. P. Carson, H. Best, and R. W. Haley. 2011. Validation of a research case definition of Gulf War illness in the 1991 US military population. Neuroepidemiology 37(2):129-140.

Iivonen, H., L. Nurminen, M. Harri, H. Tanila, and J. Puolivali. 2003. Hypothermia in mice tested in Morris water maze. Behavioural Brain Research 141(2):207-213.

Ikin, J. F., M. R. Sim, M. C. Creamer, A. B. Forbes, D. P. McKenzie, H. L. Kelsall, D. C. Glass, A. C. McFarlane, M. J. Abramson, P. Ittak, T. Dwyer, L. Blizzard, K. R. Delaney, K. W. A. Horsley, W. K. Harrex, and H. Schwarz. 2004. War-related psychological stressors and risk of psychological disorders in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. British Journal of Psychiatry 185(2):116-126.

Ikin, J. F., D. P. McKenzie, M. C. Creamer, A. C. McFarlane, H. L. Kelsall, D. C. Glass, A. B. Forbes, K. W. A. Horsley, W. K. Harrex, and M. R. Sim. 2005. War zone stress without direct combat: The Australian naval experience of the Gulf War. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18(3):193-204.

Ikin, J. F., D. P. McKenzie, S. M. Gwini, H. L. Kelsall, M. Creamer, A. C. McFarlane, D. M. Clarke, B. Wright, and M. Sim. 2015. Major depression and depressive symptoms in Australian Gulf War veterans 20 years after the Gulf War. Journal of Affective Disorders 189:77-84.

Ikonomovic, M. D., W. E. Klunk, E. E. Abrahamson, C. A. Mathis, J. C. Price, N. D. Tsopelas, B. J. Lopresti, S. Ziolko, W. Bi, W. R. Paljug, M. L. Debnath, C. E. Hope, B. A. Isanski, R. L. Hamilton, and S. T. DeKosky. 2008. Post-mortem correlates of in vivo PiB-PET amyloid imaging in a typical case of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 131(Pt 6):1630-1645.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1996. Health consequences of service during the Persian Gulf War: Recommendations for research and information systems. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 1999. Gulf War veterans: Measuring health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2000. Gulf War and health, Volume 1: Depleted uranium, pyridostigmine bromide, sarin, vaccines. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2001. Gulf War veterans: Treatments symptoms and syndromes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2003. Gulf War and health, Volume 2: Insecticides and solvents. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2004. Gulf War and health: Updated literature review of sarin. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2005. Gulf War and health, Volume 3: Fuels, combustion products, and propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2006a. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in veterans: Review of the scientific literature. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2006b. Gulf War and health, Volume 4: Health effects of serving in the Gulf War. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2007. Gulf War and health, Volume 5: Infectious diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2008a. Gulf War and health: Updated literature review of depleted uranium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2008b. Gulf War and health, Volume 6. Physiologic, psychologic, and psychosocial effects of deployment-related stress. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2009. Gulf War and health, Volume 7: Long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2010. Gulf War and health, Volume 8: Update of health effects of serving in the Gulf War. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2012. Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2013. Gulf War and health: Treatment for chronic multisymptom illness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. IOM. 2014a. Chronic multisymptom illness in Gulf War veterans: Case definitions reexamined. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2014b. Gulf War and health, Volume 9: Long-term effects of blast exposures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2014c. Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Final assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2015. Beyond myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Redefining an illness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group. 1997. Self-reported illness and health status among Gulf War veterans: A population-based study. Journal of the American Medical Association 277(3):238-245.

Ishoy, T., P. Suadicani, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, and F. Gyntelberg. 1999a. Risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms: The Danish Gulf War study. Danish Medical Bulletin 46(5):420-423.

Ishoy, T., P. Suadicani, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, H. O. Hein, and F. Gyntelberg. 1999b. State of health after deployment in the Persian Gulf: The Danish Gulf War study. Danish Medical Bulletin 46(5):416-419.

Ishoy, T., A. M. Andersson, P. Suadicani, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, F. Gyntelberg, and N. E. Skakkebaek. 2001a. Major reproductive health characteristics in male Gulf War veterans: The Danish Gulf War study. Danish Medical Bulletin 48(1):29-32.

Ishoy, T., P. Suadicani, A.-M. Andersson, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, N. Skakkebaek, and F. Gyntelberg. 2001b. Prevalence of male sexual problems in the Danish Gulf War study. Scandinavian Journal of Sexology 4(1):43-55.

Ishoy, T., J. Knop, P. Suadicani, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, and F. Gyntelberg. 2004. Increased psychological distress among Danish Gulf War veterans—without evidence for a neurotoxic background: The Danish Gulf War study. Danish Medical Bulletin 51(1):108-113.

Ismail, K., B. Everitt, N. Blatchley, L. Hull, C. Unwin, A. David, and S. Wessely. 1999. Is there a Gulf War syndrome? Lancet 353(9148):179-182.

Ismail, K., K. Kent, T. Brugha, M. Hotopf, L. Hull, P. Seed, I. Palmer, S. Reid, C. Unwin, A. S. David, and S. Wessely. 2002. The mental health of UK Gulf War veterans: Phase 2 of a two phase cohort study. British Medical Journal 325(7364):576-582.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Ismail, K., K. Kent, R. Sherwood, L. Hull, P. Seed, A. S. David, and S. Wessely. 2008. Chronic fatigue syndrome and related disorders in UK veterans of the Gulf War 1990-1991: Results from a two-phase cohort study. Psychological Medicine 38(7):953-961.

Ismail, K., N. Fear, M. Flanagan, B. Doebbeling, and S. Wessely. 2011. A US–UK comparison of health in 1990–1991 Gulf War veterans. Occupational Medicine 61(7):483-489.

Jagannathan, R., K. Husain, and S. M. Somani. 2001. Interaction of pyridostigmine and physical stress on antioxidant defense system in skeletal muscle of mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology 21(4):341-348.

Jensen, F. S., L.T. Skovgaard, and J. Viby-Mogensen. 1995. Identification of human plasma cholinesterase variants in 6,688 individuals using biochemical analysis. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39:157-162.

Joseph, S. C. 1997. A comprehensive clinical evaluation of 20,000 Persian Gulf War veterans. Military Medicine 162(3):149-155.

Kamel, F., D. M. Umbach, T. L. Munsat, J. M. Shefner, H. Hu, and D. P. Sandler. 2002. Lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Epidemiology 13(3):311-319.

Kang, H. K., and T. A. Bullman. 1996. Mortality among U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War. New England Journal of Medicine 335(20):1498-1504.

Kang, H. K., and T. A. Bullman. 2001. Mortality among US veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 7-year follow-up. American Journal of Epidemiology 154(5):399-405.

Kang, H. K., C. M. Mahan, K. Y. Lee, C. A. Magee, and F. M. Murphy. 2000. Illnesses among United States veterans of the Gulf War: A population-based survey of 30,000 veterans. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 42(5):491-501.

Kang, H., C. Magee, C. Mahan, K. Lee, F. Murphy, L. Jackson, and G. Matanoski. 2001. Pregnancy outcomes among U.S. Gulf War veterans: A population-based survey of 30,000 veterans. Annals of Epidemiology 11(7):504-511.

Kang, H. K., C. M. Mahan, K. Y. Lee, F. M. Murphy, S. J. Simmens, H. A. Young, and P. H. Levine. 2002. Evidence for a deployment-related Gulf War syndrome by factor analysis. Archives of Environmental Health 57(1):61-68.

Kang, H. K., B. H. Natelson, C. M. Mahan, K. Y. Lee, and F. M. Murphy. 2003. Post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness among Gulf War veterans: A population-based survey of 30,000 veterans. American Journal of Epidemiology 157(2):141-148.

Kang, H., N. Dalager, C. Mahan, and E. Ishii. 2005. The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD among Gulf War veterans. Annals of Epidemiology 15(3):191-195.

Kang, H. K., B. Li, C. M. Mahan, S. A. Eisen, and C. C. Engel. 2009. Health of U.S. veterans of 1991 Gulf War: A follow-up survey in 10 years. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51(4):401-410.

Kant, G. J., R. A. Bauman, S. R. Feaster, S. M. Anderson, G. A. Saviolakis, and G. E. Garcia. 2001. The combined effects of pyridostigmine and chronic stress on brain cortical and blood acetylcholinesterase, corticosterone, prolactin and alternation performance in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 70(2-3):209-218.

Karlinsky, J. B., M. Blanchard, R. Alpern, S. A. Eisen, H. Kang, F. M. Murphy, and D. J. Reda. 2004. Late prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in Gulf War I veterans. Archives of Internal Medicine 164(22):2488-2491.

Kasarskis, E. J., J. H. Lindquist, C. J. Coffman, S. C. Grambow, J. R. Feussner, K. D. Allen, E. Z. Oddone, K. A. Kamins, and R. D. Horner. 2009. Clinical aspects of ALS in Gulf War veterans. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 10(1):35-41.

Kelsall, H. L., M. R. Sim, A. B. Forbes, D. C. Glass, D. P. McKenzie, J. F. Ikin, M. J. Abramson, L. Blizzard, and P. Ittak. 2004a. Symptoms and medical conditions in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Relation to immunisations and other Gulf War exposures. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(12):1006-1013.

Kelsall, H. L., M. R. Sim, A. B. Forbes, D. P. McKenzie, D. C. Glass, J. F. Ikin, P. Ittak, and M. J. Abramson. 2004b. Respiratory health status of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and the effects of exposure to oil fire smoke and dust storms. Thorax 59(10):897-903.

Kelsall, H., R. Macdonell, M. Sim, A. Forbes, D. McKenzie, D. Glass, J. Ikin, and P. Ittak. 2005. Neurological status of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and the effect of medical and chemical exposures. International Journal of Epidemiology 34(4):810-819.

Kelsall, H., M. Sim, D. McKenzie, A. Forbes, K. Leder, D. Glass, J. Ikin, and A. McFarlane. 2006. Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 60(6):575-584.

Kelsall, H. L., M. R. Sim, J. F. Ikin, A. B. Forbes, D. P. McKenzie, D. C. Glass, and P. Ittak. 2007. Reproductive health of male Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. BMC Public Health 7:79.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Kelsall, H. L., D. P. McKenzie, M. R. Sim, K. Leder, A. B. Forbes, and T. Dwyer. 2009. Physical, psychological, and functional comorbidities of multisymptom illness in Australian male veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. American Journal of Epidemiology 170(8):1048-1056.

Kelsall, H. L., D. P. McKenzie, A. B. Forbes, M. H. Roberts, D. M. Urquhart, and M. R. Sim. 2014. Pain-related musculoskeletal disorders, psychological comorbidity, and the relationship with physical and mental well-being in Gulf War veterans. Pain 155(4):685-692.

Kelsall, H. L., M. S. D. Wijesinghe, M. C. Creamer, D. P. McKenzie, A. B. Forbes, M. J. Page, and M. R. Sim. 2015. Alcohol use and substance use disorders in Gulf War, Afghanistan, and Iraq war veterans compared with nondeployed military personnel. Epidemiologic Reviews 37(1):38-54.

Kessler, R. C., P. Berglund, O. Demler, R. Jin, K. R. Merikangas, and E. E. Walters. 2005. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62(6):593-602.

Khaiboullina, S. F., K. L. DeMeirleir, S. Rawat, G. S. Berk, R. S. Gaynor-Berk, T. Mijatovic, N. Blatt, A. A. Rizvanov, S. G. Young, and V. C. Lombardi. 2015. Cytokine expression provides clues to the pathophysiology of Gulf War illness and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Cytokine 72(1):1-8.

Khoury, M. J., and Q. Yang. 1998. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases: An epidemiologic perspective. Epidemiology 9(3):350-354.

Killgore, W. D., D. I. Cotting, J. L. Thomas, A. L. Cox, D. McGurk, A. H. Vo, C. A. Castro, and C. W. Hoge. 2008. Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment. Journal of Psychiatric Research 42(13):1112-1121.

Klunk, W. E., H. Engler, A. Nordberg, Y. Wang, G. Blomqvist, D. P. Holt, M. Bergstrom, I. Savitcheva, G. F. Huang, S. Estrada, B. Ausen, M. L. Debnath, J. Barletta, J. C. Price, J. Sandell, B. J. Lopresti, A. Wall, P. Koivisto, G. Antoni, C. A. Mathis, and B. Langstrom. 2004. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Annals of Neurology 55(3):306-319.

Knapik, J. J., R. E. Marin, T. L. Grier, and B. H. Jones. 2009. A systematic review of post-deployment injury-related mortality among military personnel deployed to conflict zones. BMC Public Health 9:231-253.

Knoke, J. D., G. C. Gray, and F. C. Garland. 1998. Testicular cancer and Persian Gulf War service. Epidemiology 9(6):648-653.

Knoke, J. D., T. C. Smith, G. C. Gray, K. S. Kaiser, and A. W. Hawksworth. 2000. Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: Does it identify a Gulf War syndrome? American Journal of Epidemiology 152(4):379-388.

Kwiatkowski, T. J., Jr., D. A. Bosco, A. L. Leclerc, E. Tamrazian, C. R. Vanderburg, C. Russ, A. Davis, J. Gilchrist, E. J. Kasarskis, T. Munsat, P. Valdmanis, G. A. Rouleau, B. A. Hosler, P. Cortelli, P. J. de Jong, Y. Yoshinaga, J. L. Haines, M. A. Pericak-Vance, J. Yan, N. Ticozzi, T. Siddique, D. McKenna-Yasek, P. C. Sapp, H. R. Horvitz, J. E. Landers, and R. H. Brown, Jr. 2009. Mutations in the FUS/TLS gene on chromosome 16 cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 323(5918):1205-1208.

Lallement, G., A. Foquin, D. Baubichon, M. F. Burckhart, P. Carpentier, and F. Canini. 1998. Heat stress, even extreme, does not induce penetration of pyridostigmine into the brain of guinea pigs. NeuroToxicology 19(6):759-766.

Lamproglou, I., L. Barbier, M. Diserbo, F. Fauvelle, W. Fauquette, and C. Amourette. 2009. Repeated stress in combination with pyridostigmine Part I: Long-term behavioural consequences. Behavioural Brain Research 197(2):301-310.

Lange, J. L., D. A. Schwartz, B. N. Doebbeling, J. M. Heller, and P. S. Thorne. 2002. Exposures to the Kuwait oil fires and their association with asthma and bronchitis among Gulf War veterans. Environmental Health Perspectives 110(11):1141-1146.

Levine, P. H., H. A. Young, S. J. Simmens, D. Rentz, V. E. Kofie, C. M. Mahan, and H. K. Kang. 2005. Is testicular cancer related to Gulf War deployment? Evidence from a pilot population-based study of Gulf War era veterans and cancer registries. Military Medicine 170(2):149-153.

Li, B., C. M. Mahan, H. K. Kang, S. A. Eisen, and C. C. Engel. 2011a. Longitudinal health study of U.S. 1991 Gulf War veterans: Changes in health status at 10-year follow-up. American Journal of Epidemiology 174(7):761-768.

Li, M., C. Xu, W. Yao, C. M. Mahan, H. K. Kang, F. Sandbrink, P. Zhai, and P. A. Karasik. 2014. Self-reported post-exertional fatigue in Gulf War veterans: Roles of autonomic testing. Frontiers in Neuroscience 7:269.

Li, W., M. H. Lee, L. Henderson, R. Tyagi, M. Bachani, J. Steiner, E. Campanac, D. A. Hoffman, G. von Geldern, K. Johnson, D. Maric, H. D. Morris, M. Lentz, K. Pak, A. Mammen, L. Ostrow, J. Rothstein, and A. Nath. 2015. Human endogenous retrovirus-K contributes to motor neuron disease. Science Translational Medicine 7(307):307ra153.

Li, X., J. S. Spence, D. M. Buhner, J. Hart, C. M. Cullum, M. M. Biggs, A. L. Hester, T. N. Odegard, P. S. Carmack, R. W. Briggs, and R. W. Haley. 2011b. Hippocampal dysfunction in Gulf War veterans: Investigation with ASL perfusion MR imaging and physostigmine challenge. Radiology 261(1):218-225.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Lincoln, A. E., T. I. Hooper, H. K. Kang, S. F. Debakey, D. N. Cowan, and G. D. Gackstetter. 2006. Motor vehicle fatalities among Gulf War era veterans: Characteristics, mechanisms, and circumstances. Traffic Injury Prevention 7(1):31-37.

Ling, S. C., M. Polymenidou, and D. W. Cleveland. 2013. Converging mechanisms in ALS and FTD: Disrupted RNA and protein homeostasis. Neuron 79(3):416-438.

Liu, P., S. Aslan, X. Li, D. M. Buhner, J. S. Spence, R. W. Briggs, R. W. Haley, and H. Lu. 2011. Perfusion deficit to cholinergic challenge in veterans with Gulf War illness. NeuroToxicology 32(2):242-246.

Lockridge, O. 1999. Butyrylcholinesterase genetic variants in persons with Gulf War illness. Fort Detrick, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. www.gulflink.osd.mil/medsearch/GeneticStudies/DoD60.shtml (accessed November 19, 2015).

Lucas, K. E., P. C. Rowe, and H. K. Armenian. 2007. Latency and exposure-health associations in Gulf War veterans with early fatigue onsets: A case-control study. Annals of Epidemiology 17(10):799-806.

Macfarlane, G. J., E. Thomas, and N. Cherry. 2000. Mortality among UK Gulf War veterans. Lancet 356(9223):17-21.

Macfarlane, G. J., A.-M. Biggs, N. Maconochie, M. Hotopf, P. Doyle, and M. Lunt. 2003. Incidence of cancer among UK Gulf War veterans: Cohort study. British Medical Journal 327(7428):1373-1375.

Macfarlane, G. J., M. Hotopf, N. Maconochie, N. Blatchley, A. Richards, and M. Lunt. 2005. Long-term mortality amongst Gulf War Veterans: Is there a relationship with experiences during deployment and subsequent morbidity? International Journal of Epidemiology 34(6):1403-1408.

Mach, M., R. D. Grubbs, W. A. Price, M. Nagaoka, M. Dubovicky, and J. B. Lucot. 2008. Delayed behavioral and endocrine effects of sarin and stress exposure in mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology 28(2):132-139.

Mackness, B., M. I. Mackness, S. Arrol, W. Turkie, and P. N. Durrington. 1997. Effect of the molecular polymorphisms of human paraoxonase (PON1) on the rate of hydrolysis of paraoxon. British Journal of Pharmacology 122(2):265-268.

Mackness, B., P. N. Durrington, and M. I. Mackness. 2000. Low paraoxonase in Persian Gulf War veterans self-reporting Gulf War syndrome. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 276(2):729-733.

Maconochie, N., P. Doyle, G. Davies, S. Lewis, M. Pelerin, S. Prior, and P. Sampson. 2003. The study of reproductive outcome and the health of offspring of UK veterans of the Gulf War: Methods and description of the study population. BMC Public Health 3(1):4.

Maconochie, N., P. Doyle, and C. Carson. 2004. Infertility among male UK veterans of the 1990-1 Gulf War: Reproductive cohort study. British Medical Journal 329(7459):196-201.

Maenner, M. J., C. E. Rice, C. L. Arneson, C. Cunniff, L. A. Schieve, L. A. Carpenter, K. Van Naarden Braun, R. S. Kirby, A. V. Bakian, and M. S. Durkin. 2014. Potential impact of DSM-5 criteria on autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry 71(3):292-300.

Magruder, K. M., and D. E. Yeager. 2009. The prevalence of PTSD across war eras and the effect of deployment on PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatric Annals 39(8):778-788.

Maguen, S., D. S. Vogt, L. A. King, D. W. King, B. T. Litz, S. J. Knight, and C. R. Marmar. 2011. The impact of killing on mental health symptoms in Gulf War veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 3(1):21-26.

Majounie, E., A. E. Renton, K. Mok, E. G. P. Dopper, A. Waite, S. Rollinson, A. Chiò, G. Restagno, N. Nicolaou, J. Simon-Sanchez, J. C. van Swieten, Y. Abramzon, J. O. Johnson, M. Sendtner, R. Pamphlett, R. W. Orrell, S. Mead, K. C. Sidle, H. Houlden, J. D. Rohrer, K. E. Morrison, H. Pall, K. Talbot, O. Ansorge, D. G. Hernandez, S. Arepalli, M. Sabatelli, G. Mora, M. Corbo, F. Giannini, A. Calvo, E. Englund, G. Borghero, G. L. Floris, A. M. Remes, H. Laaksovirta, L. McCluskey, J. Q. Trojanowski, V. M. Van Deerlin, G. D. Schellenberg, M. A. Nalls, V. E. Drory, C.-S. Lu, T.-H. Yeh, H. Ishiura, Y. Takahashi, S. Tsuji, I. Le Ber, A. Brice, C. Drepper, N. Williams, J. Kirby, P. Shaw, J. Hardy, P. J. Tienari, P. Heutink, H. R. Morris, S. Pickering-Brown, and B. J. Traynor. 2012. Frequency of the c9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurology 11(4):323-330.

Malarkey, W. B., and P. J. Mills. 2007. Endocrinology: The active partner in PN1 research. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 21(2):161-168.

Mayo Clinic. 2014. Risk factors.http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/basics/riskfactors/con-20024397 (accessed December 14, 2015).

McCauley, L. A., S. K. Joos, M. R. Lasarev, D. Storzbach, and D. N. Bourdette. 1999a. Gulf War unexplained illnesses: Persistence and unexplained nature of self-reported symptoms. Environmental Research 81(3):215-223.

McCauley, L. A., S. K. Joos, P. S. Spencer, M. Lasarev, and T. Shuell. 1999b. Strategies to assess validity of self-reported exposures during the Persian Gulf War. Environmental Research 81(3):195-205.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

McDiarmid, M. A., J. P. Keogh, F. J. Hooper, K. McPhaul, K. Squibb, R. Kane, R. Dipino, M. Kabat, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, M. Hamilton, D. Jacobson-Kram, B. Burrows, and M. Walsh. 2000. Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans. Environmental Research 82(2):168-180.

McDiarmid, M. A., K. Squibb, S. Engelhardt, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, P. D. Wilson, R. Kane, M. Kabat, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, and D. Jacobson-Kram. 2001. Surveillance of depleted uranium exposed Gulf War veterans: Health effects observed in an enlarged “friendly fire” cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43(12):991-1000.

McDiarmid, M. A., S. Engelhardt, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, P. D. Wilson, R. Kane, M. Kabat, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, B. Handwerger, R. J. Albertini, D. Jacobson-Kram, C. D. Thorne, and K. S. Squibb. 2004. Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans: A 10-year follow-up. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 67(4):277-296.

McDiarmid, M. A., S. M. Engelhardt, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, P. D. Wilson, R. Kane, M. Kabat, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, R. J. Albertini, R. Gudi, D. Jacobson-Kram, C. D. Thorne, and K. S. Squibb. 2006. Biological monitoring and surveillance results of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 79(1):11-21.

McDiarmid, M. A., S. M. Engelhardt, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, P. D. Wilson, R. Kane, A. Cernich, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, R. Albertini, R. Gudi, D. Jacobson-Kram, and K. S. Squibb. 2007a. Health surveillance of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium: Updating the cohort. Health Physics 93(1):60-73.

McDiarmid, M. A., K. Squibb, S. Engelhardt, P. Gucer, and M. Oliver. 2007b. Surveillance of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium: 15 years of follow-up. European Journal of Oncology 12(4):235-242.

McDiarmid, M. A., S. M. Engelhardt, C. D. Dorsey, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, P. D. Wilson, R. Kane, A. Cernich, B. Kaup, L. Anderson, D. Hoover, L. Brown, R. Albertini, R. Gudi, and K. S. Squibb. 2009. Surveillance results of depleted uranium-exposed Gulf War I veterans: Sixteen years of follow-up. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 72(1):14-29.

McDiarmid, M. A., S. M. Engelhardt, C. D. Dorsey, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, J. M. Gaitens, R. Kane, A. Cernich, B. Kaup, D. Hoover, A. A. Gaspari, M. Shvartsbeyn, L. Brown, and K. S. Squibb. 2011a. Longitudinal health surveillance in a cohort of Gulf War veterans 18 years after first exposure to depleted uranium. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 74(10):678-691.

McDiarmid, M. A., R. J. Albertini, J. D. Tucker, P. M. Vacek, E. W. Carter, M. V. Bakhmutsky, M. S. Oliver, S. M. Engelhardt, and K. S. Squibb. 2011b. Measures of genotoxicity in Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. Environmental & Molecular Mutagenesis 52(7):569-581.

McDiarmid, M. A., J. M. Gaitens, S. Hines, R. Breyer, J. J. Wong-You-Cheong, S. M. Engelhardt, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, R. Kane, A. Cernich, B. Kaup, D. Hoover, A. A. Gaspari, J. Liu, E. Harberts, L. Brown, J. A. Centeno, P. J. Gray, H. Xu, and K. S. Squibb. 2013. The Gulf War depleted uranium cohort at 20 years: Bioassay results and novel approaches to fragment surveillance. Health Physics 104(4):347-361.

McDiarmid, M. A., J. M. Gaitens, S. Hines, M. Condon, T. Roth, M. Oliver, P. Gucer, L. Brown, J. A. Centeno, E. Streeten, and K. S. Squibb. 2015. Biologic monitoring and surveillance results for the Department of Veterans Affairs’ depleted uranium cohort: Lessons learned from sustained exposure over two decades. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 58(6):583-594.

McDonald, W. I., A. Compston, G. Edan, D. Goodkin, H. P. Hartung, F. D. Lublin, H. F. McFarland, D. W. Paty, C. H. Polman, S. C. Reingold, M. Sandberg-Wollheim, W. Sibley, A. Thompson, S. van den Noort, B. Y. Weinshenker, and J. S. Wolinsky. 2001. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology 50(1):121-127.

McGuire, V., W. T. Longstreth Jr., T. D. Koepsell, and G. van Belle. 1996. Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in three counties in western Washington state. Neurology 47(2):571-573.

McGuire, V., W. T. Longstreth Jr., L. M. Nelson, T. D. Koepsell, H. Checkoway, M. S. Morgan, and G. van Belle. 1997. Occupational exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population-based case-control study. American Journal of Epidemiology 145(12):1076-1088.

McKenzie, D. P., J. F. Ikin, A. C. McFarlane, M. Creamer, A. B. Forbes, H. L. Kelsall, D. C. Glass, P. Ittak, and M. R. Sim. 2004. Psychological health of Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: An assessment using the SF-12, GHQ-12 and PCL-S. Psychological Medicine 34(8):1419-1430.

McKenzie, D. P., M. Creamer, H. L. Kelsall, A. B. Forbes, J. F. Ikin, M. R. Sim, and A. C. McFarlane. 2010. Temporal relationships between Gulf War deployment and subsequent psychological disorders in Royal Australian Navy Gulf War veterans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 45(9):843-852.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Megahed, T., B. Hattiangady, B. Shuai, and A. K. Shetty. 2014. Parvalbumin and neuropeptide Y expressing hippocampal gabaergic inhibitory interneuron numbers decline in a model of Gulf War Illness. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 8:447.

Menon, P. M., H. A. Nasrallah, R. R. Reeves, and J. A. Ali. 2004. Hippocampal dysfunction in Gulf War syndrome. A proton MR spectroscopy study. Brain Research 1009(1-2):189-194.

Miranda, M. L., M. A. Overstreet Galeano, E. Tassone, K. D. Allen, and R. D. Horner. 2008. Spatial analysis of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War veterans. NeuroToxicology 29(6):964-970.

Moffett, K., B. Crosson, J. S. Spence, K. Case, I. Levy, K. Gopinath, P. Shah, A. Goyal, Y. Fang, R. W. Briggs, J. Hart, Jr., A. Moore, and R. W. Haley. 2015. Word-finding impairment in veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Brain and Cognition 98:65-73.

Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. 2015. MS overview.http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/#History (accessed September 23, 2015).

NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2015. Considerations for designing an epidemiologic study for multiple sclerosis and other neurologic disorders in pre and post 9/11 Gulf War veterans. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Cancer Institute. 2015. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program stat fact sheets: All cancer sites.http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html (accessed June 16, 2015).

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2006. Conference report: NIH Peripheral Neuropathy Conference, October 22–24, 2006, Bethesda, MD. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/proceedings/10_2006_NIH_Peripheral_Neuropathy_Conference.htm (accessed November 16, 2015).

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2009. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fact sheet.http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis/detail_amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.htm (accessed November 16, 2015).

Nicolson, G. L., M. Y. Nasralla, J. Haier, and J. Pomfret. 2002. High frequency of systemic mycoplasmal infections in Gulf War veterans and civilians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 9(5):525-529.

Nisenbaum, R., D. H. Barrett, M. Reyes, and W. C. Reeves. 2000. Deployment stressors and a chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 188(5):259-266.

Nisenbaum, R., K. Ismail, S. Wessely, C. Unwin, L. Hull, and W. C. Reeves. 2004. Dichotomous factor analysis of symptoms reported by UK and US veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Population Health Metrics 2(1):8.

NRC (National Research Council). 1991. Animals as sentinels of environmental health hazards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2008. Review of toxicologic and radiologic risks to military personnel from exposure to depleted uranium during and after combat. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Nutter, T. J., and B. Y. Cooper. 2014. Persistent modification of Nav1.9 following chronic exposure to insecticides and pyridostigmine bromide. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 277(3):298-309.

Nutter, T. J., N. Jiang, and B. Y. Cooper. 2013. Persistent Na+ and K+ channel dysfunctions after chronic exposure to insecticides and pyridostigmine bromide. NeuroToxicology 39:72-83.

Nutter, T. J., R. D. Johnson, and B. Y. Cooper. 2015. A delayed chronic pain like condition with decreased Kv channel activity in a rat model of Gulf War illness pain syndrome. NeuroToxicology 51:67-79.

O’Callaghan, J. P., K. A. Kelly, A. R. Locker, D. B. Miller, and S. M. Lasley. 2015. Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to DFP in mice: Potential animal model of Gulf War illness. Journal of Neurochemistry 133(5):708-721.

Odegard, T. N., C. M. Cooper, E. A. Farris, J. Arduengo, J. Bartlett, and R. Haley. 2013. Memory impairment exhibited by veterans with Gulf War illness. Neurocase 19(4):316-327.

Ojo, J. O., L. Abdullah, J. Evans, J. M. Reed, H. Montague, M. J. Mullan, and F. C. Crawford. 2014. Exposure to an organophosphate pesticide, individually or in combination with other Gulf War agents, impairs synaptic integrity and neuronal differentiation, and is accompanied by subtle microvascular injury in a mouse model of Gulf War agent exposure. Neuropathology 34(2):109-127.

OTA (Office of Technology Assessment). 1990. Neurotoxicity: Identifying and controlling poisons of the nervous system. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Page, W. F., C. M. Mahan, and T. A. Bullman. 2005a. Health effects in Army Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq: Part I. Morbidity associated with potential exposure. Military Medicine 170(11):935-944.

Page, W. F., C. M. Mahan, H. K. Kang, and T. A. Bullman. 2005b. Health effects in Army Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq: Part II. Morbidity associated with notification of potential exposure. Military Medicine 170(11):945-951.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Parihar, V. K., B. Hattiangady, B. Shuai, and A. K. Shetty. 2013. Mood and memory deficits in a model of Gulf War illness are linked with reduced neurogenesis, partial neuron loss, and mild inflammation in the hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 38(12):2348-2362.

Parkitny, L., S. Middleton, K. Baker, and J. Younger. 2015. Evidence for abnormal cytokine expression in Gulf War illness: A preliminary analysis of daily immune monitoring data. BMC Immunology 16(1):57.

Peden-Adam, M. M., J. Eudaly, E. Eudaly, A. Dudley, J. Zeigler, A. Lee, J. Robbs, G. Gilkeson, and D. E. Keil. 2001. Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by single or concurrent exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), and JP-8 jet fuel. Toxicology and Industrial Health 17(5-10):192-209.

Penman, A. D., R. S. Tarver, and M. M. Currier. 1996. No evidence of increase in birth defects and health problems among children born to Persian Gulf War veterans in Mississippi. Military Medicine 161(1):1-6.

Pessler, F., L. X. Chen, L. Dai, C. Gomez-Vaquero, C. Diaz-Torne, M. E. Pesler, C. Scanzello, N. Çakir, E. Einhorn, H. R. Schumacher. 2008. A histomorphometric analysis of synovial biopsies from individuals with Gulf War veterans’ illness and joint pain compared to normal and osteoarthritis synovium. Clinical Rheumatology 27:1127-1134.

Peters, O. M., M. Ghasemi, and R. H. Brown, Jr. 2015. Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS. Journal of Clinical Investigation 125(5):1767-1779.

Pierce, P. F. 1997. Physical and emotional health of Gulf War veteran women. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 68(4):317-321.

Pierce, P. F. 2005. Monitoring the health of Persian Gulf War veteran women. Military Medicine 170(5):349-354.

Pizarro, J., R. C. Silver, and J. Prause. 2006. Physical and mental health costs of traumatic war experiences among Civil War veterans. Archives of General Psychiatry 63(2):193-200.

Proctor, S. P., T. Heeren, R. F. White, J. Wolfe, M. S. Borgos, J. D. Davis, L. Pepper, R. Clapp, P. B. Sutker, J. J. Vasterling, and D. Ozonoff. 1998. Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: Self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. International Journal of Epidemiology 27(6):1000-1010.

Proctor, S. P., R. Harley, J. Wolfe, T. Heeren, and R. F. White. 2001a. Health-related quality of life in Persian Gulf War veterans. Military Medicine 166(6):510-519.

Proctor, S. P., K. J. Heaton, R. F. White, and J. Wolfe. 2001b. Chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue in Gulf War veterans: A brief report. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43(3):259-264.

Proctor, S. P., R. F. White, T. Heeren, F. Debes, B. Gloerfelt-Tarp, M. Appleyard, T. Ishoy, B. Guldager, P. Suadicani, F. Gyntelberg, and D. M. Ozonoff. 2003. Neuropsychological functioning in Danish Gulf War veterans. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 25(2):85-93.

Proctor, S. P., K. J. Heaton, T. Heeren, and R. F. White. 2006. Effects of sarin and cyclosarin exposure during the 1991 Gulf War on neurobehavioral functioning in US Army veterans. Neurotoxicology 27(6):931-939.

RAC (Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses). 2014. Gulf War illness and the health of Gulf War veterans: Research update and recommendations, 2009-2013. Washington, DC: Department of Veteran Affairs.

RAND (Research and Development Corporation). 2000. Review of the scientific literature as it pertains to Gulf War illnesses. Volume 8: Pesticides. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

RAND. 2010. 12 Item Form Survey from the RAND Medical Outcomes Study.http://www.rand.org/health/surveys_tools/mos/mos_core_12item.html (accessed December 22, 2015).

Rao, V., P. Rosenberg, M. Bertrand, S. Salehinia, J. Spiro, S. Vaishnavi, P. Rastogi, K. Noll, D. J. Schretlen, J. Brandt, E. Cornwell, M. Makley, and Q. S. Miles. 2009. Aggression after traumatic brain injury: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 21(4):420-429.

Rayhan, R. U., B. W. Stevens, C. R. Timbol, O. Adewuyi, B. Walitt, J. W. VanMeter, and J. N. Baraniuk. 2013a. Increased brain white matter axial diffusivity associated with fatigue, pain and hyperalgesia in Gulf War illness. PLoS ONE 8(3):e63903.

Rayhan, R. U., M. K. Ravindran, and J. N. Baraniuk. 2013b. Migraine in Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: Prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation. Frontiers in Physiology 4(181):1-11.

Rayhan, R. U., M. P. Raksit, C. R. Timbol, O. Adewuyi, J. W. VanMeter, and J. N. Baraniuk. 2013c. Prefrontal lactate predicts exercise-induced cognitive dysfunction in Gulf War illness. American Journal of Translational Research 5(2):212-223.

Rayhan, R. U., B. W. Stevens, M. P. Raksit, J. A. Ripple, C. R. Timbol, O. Adewuyi, J. W. VanMeter, and J. N. Baraniuk. 2013d. Exercise challenge in Gulf War illness reveals two subgroups with altered brain structure and function. PLoS ONE 8(6):e63903.

Reid, S., M. Hotopf, L. Hull, K. Ismail, C. Unwin, and S. Wessely. 2001. Multiple chemical sensitivity and chronic fatigue syndrome in British Gulf War veterans. American Journal of Epidemiology 153(6):604-609.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Renton, A. E., E. Majounie, A. Waite, J. Simon-Sanchez, S. Rollinson, J. R. Gibbs, J. C. Schymick, H. Laaksovirta, J. C. van Swieten, L. Myllykangas, H. Kalimo, A. Paetau, Y. Abramzon, A. M. Remes, A. Kaganovich, S. W. Scholz, J. Duckworth, J. Ding, D. W. Harmer, D. G. Hernandez, J. O. Johnson, K. Mok, M. Ryten, D. Trabzuni, R. J. Guerreiro, R. W. Orrell, J. Neal, A. Murray, J. Pearson, I. E. Jansen, D. Sondervan, H. Seelaar, D. Blake, K. Young, N. Halliwell, J. B. Callister, G. Toulson, A. Richardson, A. Gerhard, J. Snowden, D. Mann, D. Neary, M. A. Nalls, T. Peuralinna, L. Jansson, V. M. Isoviita, A. L. Kaivorinne, M. Holtta-Vuori, E. Ikonen, R. Sulkava, M. Benatar, J. Wuu, A. Chio, G. Restagno, G. Borghero, M. Sabatelli, I. Consortium, D. Heckerman, E. Rogaeva, L. Zinman, J. D. Rothstein, M. Sendtner, C. Drepper, E. E. Eichler, C. Alkan, Z. Abdullaev, S. D. Pack, A. Dutra, E. Pak, J. Hardy, A. Singleton, N. M. Williams, P. Heutink, S. Pickering-Brown, H. R. Morris, P. J. Tienari, and B. J. Traynor. 2011. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C90RF72 is the cause of chromosome 9p21-linked ALS-FTD. Neuron 72(2):257-268.

Robertson, I. H. 2008. Traumatic brain injury: Recovery, prediction, and the clinician. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 89(12 Suppl):S1-S2.

Roland, P. S., R. W. Haley, W. Yellin, K. Owens, and A. G. Shoup. 2000. Vestibular dysfunction in Gulf War syndrome. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122(3):319-329.

Rona, R. J., N. T. Fear, L. Hull, and S. Wessely. 2007. Women in novel occupational roles: Mental health trends in the UK Armed Forces. International Journal of Epidemiology 36(2):319-326.

Rose, M. R., M. K. Sharief, J. Priddin, V. Nikolaou, L. Hull, C. Unwin, R. Ajmal-Ali, R. A. Sherwood, A. Spellman, A. David, and S. Wessely. 2004. Evaluation of neuromuscular symptoms in UK Gulf War veterans: A controlled study. Neurology 63(9):1681-1687.

Rowland, L. 2000. Hereditary and acquired motor neuron diseases. In Merritt’s neurology, 10th ed., edited by L. Rowland. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Pp. 708-714.

Sastre, A., and M. R. Cook. 2004. Autonomic dysfunction in Gulf War veterans. Midwest Research Institute. Fort Detrick, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Award number: DAMD-17-00-C-0018.

Scremin, O. U., T. M. Shih, L. Huynh, M. Roch, R. Booth, and D. J. Jenden. 2003. Delayed neurologic and behavioral effects of subtoxic doses of cholinesterase inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 304(3):1111-1119.

Scremin, O. U., T. M. Shih, L. Huynh, M. Roch, W. Sun, D. R. Chialvo, and D. J. Jenden. 2005. Low-dose cholinesterase inhibitors do not induce delayed effects on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 80(4):529-540.

Servatius, R. J., and K. D. Beck. 2005. Mild interoceptive stressors affect learning and reactivity to contextual cues: Toward understanding the development of unexplained illnesses. Neuropsychopharmacology 30(8):1483-1491.

Shaikh, J., and C. N. Pope. 2003. Combined forced running stress and subclinical paraoxon exposure have little effect on pyridostigmine-induced acute toxicity in rats. Toxicology 190(3):221-230.

Shaikh, J., S. Karanth, D. Chakraborty, S. Pruett, and C. N. Pope. 2003. Effects of daily stress or repeated paraoxon exposures on subacute pyridostigmine toxicity in rats. Archives of Toxicology 77(10):576-583.

Shapiro, S. E., M. R. Lasarev, and L. McCauley. 2002. Factor analysis of Gulf War illness: What does it add to our understanding of possible health effects of deployment? American Journal of Epidemiology 156(6):578-585.

Sharief, M. K., J. Priddin, R. S. Delamont, C. Unwin, M. R. Rose, A. David, and S. Wessely. 2002. Neurophysiologic analysis of neuromuscular symptoms in UK Gulf War veterans: A controlled study. Neurology 59(10):1518-1525.

Shiu, J., J. Gaitens, K. S. Squibb, P. W. Gucer, M. A. McDiarmid, and A. A. Gaspari. 2015. Significance of dermatologic findings in a cohort of depleted uranium-exposed veterans of Iraqi conflicts. Dermatitis 26(3):142-147.

Shvartsbeyn, M., P. Tuchinda, J. Gaitens, K. S. Squibb, M. A. McDiarmid, and A. A. Gaspari. 2011. Patch testing with uranyl acetate in veterans exposed to depleted uranium during the 1991 Gulf War and the Iraqi conflict. Dermatitis 22(1):33-39.

Sim, M., M. Abramson, A. Forbes, D. Glass, J. Ikin, P. Ittak, H. Kelsall, K. Leder, D. McKenzie, J. McNeil, Health Services Australia, M. Creamer, and L. Fritschi. 2003. Australian Gulf War Veterans’Health Study. Canberra, Australia: Department of Veterans’ Affairs. http://www.dva.gov.au/health-and-wellbeing/research-and-development/health-studies/gulf-war-veterans-health-study (accessed October 23, 2015).

Sim, M., D. Clarke, B. Forbes, D. Glass, S. Gwini, J. Ikin, H. Kelsall, D. McKenzie, B. Wright, A. McFarlane, M. Creamer, and K. Horsley. 2015. Australian Gulf War Veterans’ Follow Up Health Study Technical Report 2015. Canberra, Australia: Department of Veterans’ Affairs. http://www.dva.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/consultation%20and%20grants/healthstudies/gulfwar/follow_up2015/aus_gulf_war_follow_up_tech_report2015.pdf (accessed October 23, 2015).

Simmons, R., N. Maconochie, and P. Doyle. 2004. Self-reported ill health in male UK Gulf War veterans: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 4(1):27.

Sinton, C. M., T. E. Fitch, F. Petty, and R. W. Haley. 2000. Stressful manipulations that elevate corticosterone reduce blood–brain barrier permeability to pyridostigmine in the rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 165(1):99-105.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Skowera, A., M. Hotopf, E. Sawicka, R. Varela-Calvino, C. Unwin, V. Nikolaou, L. Hull, K. Ismail, A. S. David, S. C. Wessely, and M. Peakman. 2004. Cellular immune activation in Gulf War veterans. Journal of Clinical Immunology 24(1):66-73.

Smith, B., T. C. Smith, M. A. K. Ryan, and G. C. Gray. 2006. A comparison of the postdeployment hospitalization experience of U.S. military personnel following service in the 1991 Gulf War, Southwest Asia after the Gulf War, and Bosnia. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 3(12):660-670.

Smith, T. C., G. C. Gray, and J. D. Knoke. 2000. Is systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia associated with Persian Gulf War service? An examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data. American Journal of Epidemiology 151(11):1053-1059.

Smith, T. C., J. M. Heller, T. I. Hooper, G. D. Gackstetter, and G. C. Gray. 2002. Are Gulf War veterans experiencing illness due to exposure to smoke from Kuwaiti oil well fires? Examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data. American Journal of Epidemiology 155(10):908-917.

Smith, T. C., G. C. Gray, J. C. Weir, J. M. Heller, and M. A. K. Ryan. 2003. Gulf War veterans and Iraqi nerve agents at Khamisiyah: Postwar hospitalization data revisited. American Journal of Epidemiology 158(5):457-467.

Smylie, A. L., G. Broderick, H. Fernandes, S. Razdan, Z. Barnes, F. Collado, C. Sol, M. A. Fletcher, and N. Klimas. 2013. A comparison of sex-specific immune signatures in Gulf War illness and chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Immunology 14(1):29.

Somani, S. M., K. Husain, T. Asha, and R. Helfert. 2000. Interactive and delayed effects of pyridostigmine and physical stress on biochemical and histological changes in peripheral tissues of mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology 20(4):327-334.

Song, X., H. Tian, J. Bressler, S. Pruett, and C. Pope. 2002. Acute and repeated restraint stress have little effect on pyridostigmine toxicity or brain regional cholinesterase inhibition in rats. Toxicological Sciences 69(1):157-164.

Song, X., C. Pope, R. Murthy, J. Shaikh, B. Lal, and J. P. Bressler. 2004. Interactive effects of paraoxon and pyridostigmine on blood–brain barrier integrity and cholinergic toxicity. Toxicological Sciences 78(2):241-247.

Sostek, M. B., S. Jackson, J. K. Linevsky, E. M. Schimmel, and B. G. Fincke. 1996. High prevalence of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in a National Guard Unit of Persian Gulf veterans. American Journal of Gastroenterology 91(12):2494-2497.

Spencer P. S., L. A. McCauley, S. K. Joos, M. R. Lasarev, R. Schuel, D. Bourdette, A. Barkhuizen, W. Johnston, D. Storzbach, M. Wynn, R. Grewenow. 1998. U.S. Gulf War veterans: Service periods in theater, differential exposures, and persistent unexplained illness. Toxicology Letters 102-103:515-521.

Spencer, P. S., L. A. McCauley, J. A. Lapidus, M. Lasarev, S. K. Joos, and D. Storzbach. 2001. Self-reported exposures and their association with unexplained illness in a population-based case-control study of Gulf War veterans. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43(12):1041-1056.

Sreedharan, J., and R. H. Brown, Jr. 2013. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Problems and prospects. Annals of Neurology 74(3):309-316.

Sreedharan, J., I. P. Blair, V. B. Tripathi, X. Hu, C. Vance, B. Rogelj, S. Ackerley, J. C. Durnall, K. L. Williams, E. Buratti, F. Baralle, J. de Belleroche, J. D. Mitchell, P. N. Leigh, A. Al-Chalabi, C. C. Miller, G. Nicholson, and C. E. Shaw. 2008. TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 319(5870):1668-1672.

Statistics Canada. 2005. The Canadian Persian Gulf Cohort Study: Detailed report.http://www.veterans.gc.ca/pdf/about-us/research-directorate/gulf-war-linkage-project.pdf (accessed November 19, 2015).

Steele, L. 2000. Prevalence and patterns of Gulf War illness in Kansas veterans: Association of symptoms with characteristics of person, place, and time of military service. American Journal of Epidemiology 152(10):992-1002.

Steele, L., A. Sastre, M. M. Gerkovich, and M. R. Cook. 2012. Complex factors in the etiology of Gulf War illness: Wartime exposures and risk factors in veteran subgroups. Environmental Health Perspectives 120(1):112-118.

Steele, L., O. Lockridge, M. M. Gerkovich, M. R. Cook, and A. Sastre. 2015. Butyrylcholinesterase genotype and enzyme activity in relation to Gulf War illness: Preliminary evidence of gene-exposure interaction from a case-control study of 1991 Gulf War veterans. Environmental Health 14(1):4.

Stevens, D., E. A. Scott, A. P. Bowditch, G. D. Griffiths, and P. C. Pearce. 2006. Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: Effects on cognition, muscle function and health outcomes in marmosets. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 84(2):207-218.

Stimpson, N. J., C. Unwin, L. Hull, T. David, S. Wessely, and G. Lewis. 2006. Prevalence of reported pain, widespread pain, and pain symmetry in veterans of the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991): The use of pain manikins in Persian Gulf War health research. Military Medicine 171(12):1181-1186.

Storzbach, D., D. S. Rohlman, W. K. Anger, L. M. Binder, and K. A. Campbell. 2001. Neurobehavioral deficits in Persian Gulf veterans: Additional evidence from a population-based study. Environmental Research 85(1):1-13.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Stretch, R. H., P. D. Bliese, D. H. Marlowe, K. M. Wright, K. H. Knudson, and C. H. Hoover. 1995. Physical health symptomatology of Gulf War-era service personnel from the states of Pennsylvania and Hawaii. Military Medicine 160(3):131-136.

Stretch, R. H., P. D. Bliese, D. H. Marlowe, K. M. Wright, K. H. Knudson, and C. H. Hoover. 1996a. Psychological health of Gulf War-era military personnel. Military Medicine 161(5):257-261.

Stretch, R. H., D. H. Marlowe, K. M. Wright, P. D. Bliese, K. H. Knudson, and C. H. Hoover. 1996b. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Gulf War veterans. Military Medicine 161(7):407-410.

Suadicani, P., T. Ishoy, B. Guldager, M. Appleyard, and F. Gyntelberg. 1999. Determinants of long-term neuropsychological symptoms. Danish Medical Bulletin 46(5):423-427.

Sutker, P. B., M. Uddo, K. Brailey, and A. N. Allain. 1993. War-zone trauma and stress-related symptoms in Operation Desert Shield/Storm (ODS) returnees. Journal of Social Issues 49(4):33-50.

Sutker, P. B., J. M. Davis, M. Uddo, and S. R. Ditta. 1995. War zone stress, personal resources, and PTSD in Persian Gulf War returnees. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104(3):444-452.

Tian, H., X. Song, J. Bressler, S. Pruett, and C. N. Pope. 2002. Neither forced running nor forced swimming affect acute pyridostigmine toxicity or brain-regional cholinesterase inhibition in rats. Toxicology 176(1-2):39-50.

Tillman, G. D., T. A. Green, T. C. Ferree, C. S. Calley, M. J. Maguire, R. Briggs, J. Hart, Jr., R. W. Haley, and M. A. Kraut. 2010. Impaired response inhibition in ill Gulf War veterans. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 297(1-2):1-5.

Tillman, G. D., C. S. Calley, T. A. Green, V. I. Buhl, M. M. Biggs, J. S. Spence, R. W. Briggs, R. W. Haley, J. Hart, Jr., and M. A. Kraut. 2012. Event-related potential patterns associated with hyperarousal in Gulf War illness syndrome groups. NeuroToxicology 33(5):1096-1105.

Tillman, G. D., C. S. Calley, T. A. Green, V. I. Buhl, M. M. Biggs, J. S. Spence, R. W. Briggs, R. W. Haley, M. A. Kraut, and J. Hart Jr. 2013. Visual event-related potentials as markers of hyperarousal in Gulf War illness: Evidence against a stress-related etiology. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 211(3):257-267.

Toomey, R., H. K. Kang, J. Karlinsky, D. G. Baker, J. J. Vasterling, R. Alpern, D. J. Reda, W. G. Henderson, F. M. Murphy, and S. A. Eisen. 2007. Mental health of US Gulf War veterans 10 years after the war. British Journal of Psychiatry 190(5):385-393.

Toomey, R., R. Alpern, J. J. Vasterling, D. G. Baker, D. J. Reda, M. J. Lyons, W. G. Henderson, H. K. Kang, S. A. Eisen, and F. M. Murphy. 2009. Neuropsychological functioning of US Gulf War veterans 10 years after the war. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15(5):717-729.

UK Ministry of Defence. 2000. Background to the use of medical countermeasures to protect British forces during the Gulf War (Operation Granby).http://www.mod.uk/issues/gulfwar/info/medical/ukchemical.htm (accessed September 26, 2003).

UK Ministry of Defence. 2014. National statistics notice: 1990/1991 Gulf conflict—UK Gulf veterans mortality data: Causes of death. Bristol, UK: UK Ministry of Defence.

Unwin, C., N. Blatchley, W. Coker, S. Ferry, M. Hotopf, L. Hull, K. Ismail, I. Palmer, A. David, and S. Wessely. 1999. Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War. Lancet 353(9148):169-178.

Urnovitz, H. B., J. J. Tuite, J. M. Higashida, and W. H. Murphy. 1999. RNAs in the sera of Persian Gulf War veterans have segments homologous to chromosome 22q11.2. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6(3):330-335.

VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. Caring for Gulf War I veterans. Veterans Health Administration.http://www.publichealth.va.gov/docs/vhi/caring-for-gulf-war-veterans-vhi.pdf (accessed October 20, 2015).

VA. 2014a. Diagnoses among deployed Gulf War veterans who used VA health care services, from 1st Qtr FY 2002 through 4th Qtr FY 2013. Preliminary draft. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.

VA. 2014b. Diagnoses among non-deployed Gulf War veterans who used VA health care services, from 1st Qtr FY 2002 through 4th Qtr FY 2013. Preliminary draft. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.

VA. 2015a. Gulf War veterans’ medically unexplained illness.http://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/gulfwar/medicallyunexplained-illness.asp (accessed July 8, 2015).

VA. 2015b. Gulf War Research Strategic Plan 2013–2017, 2015 Update. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.

Valenti, M., F. E. Pontieri, F. Conti, E. Altobelli, T. Manzoni, and L. Frati. 2005. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and sports: A case-control study. European Journal of Neurology 12(3):223-225.

van Haaren, F., R. De Jongh, J. B. Hoy, J. L. Karlix, C. J. Schmidt, I. R. Tebbett, and D. Wielbo. 1999. The effects of acute and repeated pyridostigmine bromide administration on response acquisition with immediate and delayed reinforcement. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 62(2):389-394.

van Haaren, F., B. Cody, J. B. Hoy, J. L. Karlix, C. J. Schmidt, I. R. Tebbett, and D. Wielbo. 2000. The effects of pyridostigmine bromide and permethrin, alone or in combination, on response acquisition in male and female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 66(4):739-746.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Verret, C., M. A. Jutand, C. De Vigan, M. Begassat, L. Bensefa-Colas, P. Brochard, and R. Salamon. 2008. Reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes among French Gulf War veterans. BMC Public Health 8:141.

Vladutiu, G. D., and B. H. Natelson. 2004. Association of medically unexplained fatigue with ace insertion/deletion polymorphism in Gulf War veterans. Muscle Nerve 30(1):38-43.

Voelker, M. D., K. G. Saag, D. A. Schwartz, E. Chrischilles, W. R. Clarke, R. F. Woolson, and B. N. Doebbeling. 2002. Health-related quality of life in Gulf War era military personnel. American Journal of Epidemiology 155(10):899-907.

Vogt, D. S., A. P. Pless, L. A. King, and D. W. King. 2005. Deployment stressors, gender, and mental health outcomes among Gulf War I veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18(3):272-284.

Walker, R., J. E. Cole, T. K. Logan, and J. D. Corrigan. 2007. Screening substance abuse treatment clients for traumatic brain injury: Prevalence and characteristics. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 22(6):360-367.

Wallin, M. T., J. Wilken, M. H. Alfaro, C. Rogers, C. Mahan, J. C. Chapman, T. Fratto, C. Sullivan, H. Kang, and R. Kane. 2009. Neuropsychologic assessment of a population-based sample of Gulf War veterans. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 22(3):155-166.

Wallin, M. T., W. J. Culpepper, P. Coffman, S. Pulaski, H. Maloni, C. M. Mahan, J. K. Haselkorn, and J. F. Kurtzke, Veterans Affairs Multiple Sclerosis Centres of Excellence Epidemiology Group. 2012. The Gulf War era multiple sclerosis cohort: Age and incidence rates by race, sex and service. Brain 135(Pt 6):1778-1785.

Wallin, M. T., J. F. Kurtzke, W. J. Culpepper, P. Coffman, H. Maloni, J. K. Haselkorn, and C. M. Mahan. 2014. Multiple sclerosis in Gulf War era veterans. 2. Military deployment and risk of multiple sclerosis in the first Gulf War. Neuroepidemiology 42(4):226-234.

Weiner, M. W., D. J. Meyerhoff, T. C. Neylan, J. Hlavin, E. R. Ramage, D. McCoy, C. Studholme, V. Cardenas, C. Marmar, D. Truran, P. W. Chu, J. Kornak, C. E. Furlong, C. McCarthy. 2011. The relationship between Gulf War illness, brain N-acetylaspartate, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Military Medicine 176(8):896-902.

Wells, T. S., L. Z. Wang, C. N. Spooner, T. C. Smith, K. M. Hiliopoulos, D. R. Kamens, G. C. Gray, and P. A. Sato. 2006. Self-reported reproductive outcomes among male and female 1991 Gulf War era US military veterans. Maternal and Child Health Journal 10(6):501-510.

Werler, M. M., J. E. Sheehan, and A. A. Mitchell. 2005. Gulf War veterans and hemifacial microsomia. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 73(1):50-52.

Wessely, S. 2005. Risk, psychiatry and the military. British Journal of Psychiatry 186(6):459-466.

Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A., and M. Cercignani. 2009. About “axial” and “radial” diffusivities. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 61(5):1255-1260.

Whistler, T., M. A. Fletcher, W. Lonergan, X. R. Zeng, J. M. Lin, A. LaPerriere, S. D. Vernon, and N. G. Klimas. 2009. Impaired immune function in Gulf War illness. BMC Medical Genomics 2:12.

White, R. F., S. P. Proctor, T. Heeren, J. Wolfe, M. Krengel, J. Vasterling, K. Lindem, K. J. Heaton, P. Sutker, and D. M. Ozonoff. 2001. Neuropsychological function in Gulf War veterans: Relationships to self-reported toxicant exposures. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 40(1):42-54.

White, R. F., L. Steele, J. P. O’Callaghan, K. Sullivan, J. H. Binns, B. A. Golomb, F. E. Bloom, J. A. Bunker, F. Crawford, J. C. Graves, A. Hardie, N. Klimas, M. Knox, W. J. Meggs, J, Melling, M. A. Philbert, R. Grashow. 2015. Recent Research on Gulf War illness and other health problems in veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Effects of toxicant exposures during deployment. Cortex doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.022.

Williams, K. E., T. M. Mann, S. Chamberlain, A. Smith, S. Wilson, G. D. Griffiths, A. P. Bowditch, E. A. Scott, and P. C. Pearce. 2006. Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: Effects on EEG and sleep in the common marmoset. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 84(2):282-293.

Wingerchuk, D. M. 2011. Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis: Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D, and cigarette smoking. Mt Sinai Journal of Medicine 78(2):221-230.

Wingerchuk, D. M., V. A. Lennon, S. J. Pittock, C. F. Lucchinetti, and B. G. Weinshenker. 2006. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 66:1485-1489.

Wolfe, F., H. A. Smythe, M. B. Yunus, R. M. Bennett, C. Bombardier, D. L. Goldenberg, P. Tugwell, S. M. Campbell, M. Abeles, P. Clark, A. G. Fam, S. J. Farber, J. J. Fiechtner, C. M. Franklin, R. A. Gatter, D. Hamaty, J. Lessard, A. S. Lichtbroun, A. T. Masi, G. A. Mccain, W. J. Reynolds, T. J. Romano, I. J. Russell, and R. P. Sheon. 1990. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 33(2):160-172.

Wolfe, F., K. Ross, J. Anderson, I. J. Russell, and L. Hebert. 1995. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis and Rheumatism 38(1):19-28.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×

Wolfe, F., J. Anderson, D. Harkness, R. M. Bennett, X. J. Caro, D. L. Goldenberg, I. J. Russell, and M. B. Yunus. 1997. Health status and disease severity in fibromyalgia: Results of a six-center longitudinal study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 40(9):1571-1579.

Wolfe, J., S. P. Proctor, J. D. Davis, M. S. Borgos, and M. J. Friedman. 1998. Health symptoms reported by Persian Gulf War veterans two years after return. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 33(2):104-113.

Wolfe, J., D. J. Erickson, E. J. Sharkansky, D. W. King, and L. A. King. 1999a. Course and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder among Gulf War veterans: A prospective analysis. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 67(4):520-528.

Wolfe, J., S. P. Proctor, D. J. Erickson, T. Heeren, M. J. Friedman, M. T. Huang, P. B. Sutker, J. J. Vasterling, and R. F. White. 1999b. Relationship of psychiatric status to Gulf War veterans’ health problems. Psychosomatic Medicine 61(4):532-540.

Writer, J. V., R. F. DeFraites, and J. F. Brundage. 1996. Comparative mortality among US military personnel in the Persian Gulf and worldwide during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Journal of the American Medical Association 275(2):118-121.

Yamasue, H., O. Abe, K. Kasai, M. Suga, A. Iwanami, H. Yamada, M. Tochigi, T. Ohtani, M. A. Rogers, T. Sasaki, S. Aoki, T. Kato, and N. Kato. 2007. Human brain structural change related to acute single exposure to sarin. Annals of Neurology 61(1):37-46.

Young, H. A., J. D. Maillard, P. H. Levine, S. J. Simmens, C. M. Mahan, and H. K. Kang. 2010. Investigating the risk of cancer in 1990-1991 U.S. Gulf War veterans with the use of state cancer registry data. Annals of Epidemiology 20(4):265-272.

Zakirova, Z., M. Tweed, G. Crynen, J. Reed, L. Abdullah, N. Nissanka, M. Mullan, M. J. Mullan, V. Mathura, F. Crawford, and G. Ait-Ghezala. 2015. Gulf War agent exposure causes impairment of long-term memory formation and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of Gulf War illness. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0119579.

Zwerling, C., J. C. Torner, W. R. Clarke, M. D. Voelker, B. N. Doebbeling, D. H. Barrett, J. A. Merchant, R. F. Woolson, and D. A. Schwartz. 2000. Self-reported postwar injuries among Gulf War veterans. Public Health Reports 115(4):346-349.

Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 251
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 252
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 253
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 254
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 255
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 256
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 257
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 258
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 259
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 260
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 261
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 262
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 263
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 264
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 265
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 266
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 267
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 268
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 269
Suggested Citation:"7 References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21840.
×
Page 270
Next: Appendix: Committee Biographies »
Gulf War and Health: Volume 10: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War, 2016 Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $68.00 Buy Ebook | $54.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

For the United States, the 1991 Persian Gulf War was a brief and successful military operation with few injuries and deaths. However, soon after returning from duty, a large number of veterans began reporting health problems they believed were associated with their service in the Gulf. At the request of Congress, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has been conducting an ongoing review of the evidence to determine veterans' long-term health problems and potential causes. The fourth volume in the series, released in 2006, summarizes the long-term health problems seen in Gulf War veterans. In 2010, the IOM released an update that focuses on existing health problems and identifies possible new ones, considering evidence collected since the initial summary.

Gulf War and Health: Volume 10 is an update of the scientific and medical literature on the health effects associated with deployment to the Gulf War that were identified in Volumes 4 and 8. This report reviews and evaluates the associations between illness and exposure to toxic agents, environmental or wartime hazards, or preventive measures and vaccines associated with Gulf War service, and provides recommendations for future research efforts on Gulf War veterans.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!