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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies. COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, Transit Development Corporation, or AOC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinion and conclusions expressed or implied in the report are those of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the TRB, the National Research Council, AASHTO, or the U.S. Government. This report has not been edited by TRB.
NCHRP Web-Only Document 110: Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Summary of Findings ..................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction and Research Approach .......................................................................................................................4 Problem Statement....................................................................................................................................................4 Scope of Work ...........................................................................................................................................................5 Outline of Project Deliverables ................................................................................................................................6 Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................8 Statistical Design of Experiments .............................................................................................................................8 Terminology.........................................................................................................................................................8 Methods of Designing Experiments...................................................................................................................10 Combining Test Results .....................................................................................................................................10 Overview of Methodology.......................................................................................................................................11 Implementation of Methodology .............................................................................................................................12 Hypothetical Case Study.........................................................................................................................................15 Step 1: Service Conditions .................................................................................................................................15 Step 2: Materials Selected..................................................................................................................................15 Step 3: Experimental Design Matrix..................................................................................................................15 Step 4: Test Program..........................................................................................................................................18 Step 5: Best Tested Concrete, Best Predicted Concrete Analysis ......................................................................18 Step 6: Confirmation Testing and Final Selection of Best Concrete..................................................................24 Interpretation, Appraisal and Applications ............................................................................................................28 SEDOC Computational Tool ..................................................................................................................................28 Overview of SEDOC: Setup Worksheets...........................................................................................................28 Overview of SEDOC: Analysis Worksheets......................................................................................................29 Methodology Application........................................................................................................................................29 Features of the Methodology .............................................................................................................................30 Appropriate Uses................................................................................................................................................32 Implementation of Concrete Mixtures Designed for Durability .............................................................................33 Time and Cost Requirements .............................................................................................................................33 Specifications.....................................................................................................................................................34 Production and Construction..............................................................................................................................35 Conclusions and Suggested Research ......................................................................................................................37 Effectiveness of Approach.......................................................................................................................................37 Suggested Research and Implementation ...............................................................................................................38 Methodology Validation and Development .......................................................................................................38 Software Development and Support ..................................................................................................................38 Implementation Support.....................................................................................................................................39 References ..................................................................................................................................................................41 Appendix: Hypothetical Case Study ........................................................................................................................42
NCHRP Web-Only Document 110: Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Terminology related to statistical design of experiments ..........................................................................8 Table 2. Table S3.1 Number of mixtures required for an orthogonal design for various combinations of two- and three-level factors. The 9-mixture design selected for Hypothetical Test Case is highlighted.....................13 Table 3. Factors and levels for 9-mixture design used in Hypothetical Test Case ...............................................16 Table 4. Definition of compound factor for Hypothetical Case Study ..................................................................17 Table 5. The levels for the 9-mixture design matrix with 3 three-level and 1 two-level factors. (The numbers in the columns refer to the levels indicated in Table 3.) .............................................................................................17 Table 6. Experimental design matrix for Hypothetical Case Study......................................................................18 Table 7. Mixes as batched .........................................................................................................................................19 Table 8. Test methods used for the evaluation of mixture properties...................................................................20 Table 9. Responses to be used for calculation of overall desirabilities..................................................................20 Table 10. Individual response desirabilities and overall desirabilities for design matrix testing .......................22 Table 11. Selection of Best Tested (BTC) and Best Predicted Concrete (BPC) based on overall desirabilities ...............................................................................................................................................................23 Table 12. Predicted responses of Best Tested (BTC) and Best Predicted Concrete (BPC) .................................23 Table 13. Set of Confirmation tests for BPC and BTC...........................................................................................24 Table 14. Comparison of actual and predicted overall desirabilities from Confirmation Testing.....................25 Table 15. Comparison of individual responses and desirabilities for BTC ..........................................................26 Table 16. Comparison of individual responses and desirabilities for BPC...........................................................27
