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10 The integration of an airportâs wildlife hazard management (WHM) program and Safety Man- agement System (SMS) offers a best-practice approach to a comprehensive safety system in which all hazards can be managed consistently and comprehensively. Whether or not the airport has implemented an SMS, specific aspects of SMS can be applied to any WHM program regardless of complexity, size, or structure. This chapter provides a brief overview of SMS; a more thorough description of SMS and application of SMS to a typical airport WHM program is presented in Chapter 4. As described in the Draft FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-37A, Safety Management Systems for Airports, SMS is âan integrated collection of processes and procedures that ensures a formal- ized and proactive approach to system safety through risk managementâ (FAA 2012a). The Inter- national Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines SMS as a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies, and procedures. The SMS defines how an airport intends to manage safety as an integral part of its business man- agement activities. The functional result of an SMS is to proactively manage risk, detect and correct safety problems before those problems result in an accident or incident, and reduce the impact/cost of incidents. FAA states that an SMS âenhances safety, ensures compliance with applicable regula- tory standards, and can be integrated into all aspects of airport operations, including business and management practicesâ (FAA 2012a). An SMS typically will: ⢠Identify root causes and contributing factors to ensure controls, training, and oversight. ⢠Reduce risks through hazard identification, mitigation management, and risk ranking and prioritization. ⢠Present trends for improved safety awareness and actions. ⢠Hold staff/tenants accountable for safety performance. ⢠Facilitate safety ownership through participation. ⢠Adjust training to match safety gaps assessed through trends. SMS provides an opportunity to apply similar policies and processes to wildlife hazards as to other safety concerns such as accidents and incidents, airside construction projects, and opera- tional changes. An intrinsic component of airport safety is the successful oversight and man- agement of wildlife, including formal and documented assessment of specific wildlife hazards associated with species, behaviors, quantities, habitat, and mitigation measures. âSMS supports a proactive approach to safety through a framework of tools and methodologies to address safety issues. It also establishes a safety-conscious environment and culture. It encompasses all person- nel in any operational area since observation, evaluation, and reporting are integral to achieving effective safety-related outcomesâ (FAA 2012a). C H A P T E R 3 Safety Management System Overview
Safety Management System Overview 11 SMS comprises four key components, as shown and described in Figure 2. Safety Policy estab- lishes the foundation of SMS, documenting how the airport will deploy the SMS; Safety Risk Management (SRM) and Safety Assurance are operational components of the system; and Safety Promotion ensures âthat individuals with a role in SMS are properly trained and that safety issues identified through any of the activities associated with the components are communi- catedâ (FAA 2012a). Safety Policy. Safety Policy provides the foundation or framework for the SMS. It outlines the methods and tools for achieving desired safety outcomes. Safety Policy also details managementâs responsibility and accountability for safety. Safety Risk Management (SRM). As a core activity of SMS, SRM uses a set of standard pro- cesses to proactively identify hazards, analyze and assess potential risks, and design appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Safety Assurance. Safety Assurance is a set of processes that monitor the organizationâs per- formance in meeting its current safety standards and objectives and contributes to continuous safety improvement. Safety Assurance processes include information acquisition, analysis, system assessment, and development of preventive or corrective actions for nonconformance. Safety Promotion. Safety Promotion involves processes and procedures used to create an environment where safety objectives can be achieved. Safety Promotion is essential to creating a positive safety culture in an organization. Safety culture is characterized by knowledge and under- standing of an organizationâs SMS, effective communications, competency in job responsibilities, ongoing training, and information sharing. Source: Landry Consultants LLC Figure 2. SMS components.