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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to increase the benefits that transportation contributes to society by providing leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page i CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONâAIR CARGO FACILITIES PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 1-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 CHAPTER 2: TASK 2âLITERATURE REVIEW: AIRPORT AIR CARGO FACILITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 2-1 AIRPORT PLANNING PROCESS ............................................................................................................... 2-1 AIRPORT AIR CARGO FACILITY PLANNING AND DESIGN PROCESS ............................................ 2-5 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 2-18 CHAPTER 3: SUBTASK 2.2âLITERATURE REVIEW: REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF AIR CARGO FACILITY-RELATED MASTER PLANS ............................................................................... 3-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 3-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 BOISE AIRPORT â BOISE, ID .................................................................................................................... 3-4 CAPITAL REGION INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â LANSING, MI ....................................................... 3-7 CINCINNATI/NORTHERN KENTUCKY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â COVINGTON, KY ............ 3-9 DALLAS/FORT WORTH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â DALLAS-FORT WORTH, TX ................. 3-12 DONA ANA COUNTY AIRPORT â SANTA TERESA, NM ................................................................... 3-17 GEORGE BUSH INTERCONTINENTAL AIRPORT â HOUSTON, TX................................................. 3-20 KANSAS CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â KANSAS CITY, MO ................................................. 3-23 MEMPHIS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â MEMPHIS, TN .................................................................. 3-26 OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â OAKLAND, CA ............................................................... 3-29 PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â GREENSBORO, NC .......................................... 3-31 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â PORTLAND, OR ............................................................ 3-35 SAN ANTONIO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT â SAN ANTONIO, TX ................................................. 3-38 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 3-41 CHAPTER 4: TASK 1âOVERVIEW OF AIR CARGO INDUSTRY AND TRENDS ....................... 4-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 4-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 OVERVIEW OF AIR CARGO CARRIER ACTIVITY AT AIRPORTS ..................................................... 4-1 SUBTASK 1.2: OVERVIEW OF AIR CARGO FACILITY DEVELOPMENT AND FUNDING ........... 4-17 SUBTASK 1.3: OVERVIEW OF AIR CARGO INDUSTRY TRENDS ................................................... 4-32 SUBTASK 1.4: AIR CARGO PERSONNEL AND CULTURE ................................................................ 4-48 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 4-49 CHAPTER 5: TASK 3âDATA COLLECTION PLAN, FIELDWORK AND INVENTORY PROCESSES ................................................................................................................................................ 5-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 5-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 5-1 SUBTASK 3.1 DATA COLLECTION PLAN .............................................................................................. 5-1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 5-13 CHAPTER 6: TASK 4âDATA COLLECTION GAP ANALYSIS ....................................................... 6-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 6-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 6-1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 6-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii SUBTASK 4: CARGO VOLUME AND UTILIZATION DATA GAP ANALYSIS ................................... 6-1 SURVEY DATA COLLECTION RESULTS ............................................................................................... 6-2 AIRPORT PLANNING DEPARTMENT SURVEY PART I â GENERAL AIR CARGO ACTIVITY AND FACILITIES .................................................................................................................................................. 6-7 AIRPORT PLANNING DEPARTMENT SURVEY PART IIâCARGO BUILDINGS DETAIL .............. 6-8 AIRPORT PLANNING DEPARTMENT SURVEY PART III .................................................................... 6-9 DATA GAPS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 6-10 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 6-22 CHAPTER 7: TASK 5âAIR CARGO FORECAST TECHNIQUES ................................................... 7-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 7-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 7-1 SOURCES OF INPUTS ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 METHODOLOGIES ..................................................................................................................................... 7-2 METHODS USED IN RECENT AIRPORT PLANNING EFFORTS .......................................................... 7-9 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................................. 7-16 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 7-17 CHAPTER 8: TASK 6âAIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENTS ............................................... 8-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 8-1 BASIC TRENDS ........................................................................................................................................... 8-1 EFFECTS: WAREHOUSE ............................................................................................................................ 8-1 EFFECTS: CARGO WAREHOUSE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS .............................................................. 8-2 EFFECTS: GROUND SERVICE EQUIPMENT (GSE) OPERATING SPACE .......................................... 8-5 EFFECTS: AIRCRAFT PARKING RAMP .................................................................................................. 8-6 EFFECTS: LAND.......................................................................................................................................... 8-7 AIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENT RATIOS ................................................................................. 8-7 AIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENTS DATA COLLECTION ANALYSIS .................................... 8-8 AIR CARGO FACILITY RATIO ANALYSIS: THIRD PARTY HANDLERS AND ALL-CARGO CARRIERS .................................................................................................................................................. 8-15 AIR CARGO FACILITY RATIO ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED EXPRESS CARRIERS ......................... 8-18 AIR CARGO FACILITY RATIO ANALYSIS: PASSENGER CARRIERS ............................................. 8-20 AIR CARGO WAREHOUSE TRUCK DOOR AND DOCK RATIOS ...................................................... 8-22 AIR CARGO WAREHOUSE TRUCK PARKING SPACE RATIOS ........................................................ 8-23 SECURITY IMPACTS: FEDERAL POLICY EFFECT ON OPERATIONS ............................................ 8-24 SECURITY IMPACTS: FACILITIES ........................................................................................................ 8-24 AIRPORT FACILITY REQUIREMENTS: SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES ................................................ 8-25 SUSTAINABLE CARGO FACILITIES ..................................................................................................... 8-26 SUSTAINABLE AVIATION GUIDANCE ALLIANCE ........................................................................... 8-27 SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES RELATED TO AIR CARGO FACILITY LOCATION .............................. 8-29 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 8-29 CHAPTER 9: TASK 7âPLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ................................. 9-1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 9-1 THE ROLE OF THE AIRPORT IN AIR CARGO TRANSPORT ............................................................... 9-1 EXISTING CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 9-3 CARRIER TYPES ......................................................................................................................................... 9-3 CARGO TERMINAL FACILITIES LOCATION STRATEGIES ............................................................... 9-5 FACILITY INVENTORY AND DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................. 9-9
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page iii DEVELOPING THE AIR CARGO FORECAST ....................................................................................... 9-10 SOURCES OF FORECAST INPUTS ......................................................................................................... 9-11 FORECAST METHODOLOGIES .............................................................................................................. 9-11 FORECAST EXAMPLES ........................................................................................................................... 9-16 METHODS USED IN RECENT AIRPORT PLANNING EFFORTS ........................................................ 9-21 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................................................. 9-22 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS: AIR CARGO APRON ............................................................................. 9-23 CRITICAL AIRCRAFT IMPLICATIONS TO APRON ............................................................................ 9-27 ROLE OF AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURERS IN AIRPORT MASTER PLANNING .............................. 9-28 CARGO APRON AIRCRAFT SPACE REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 9-28 UTILIZING FACILITY PLANNING METRICS FOR CARGO APRON DESIGN ................................. 9-33 CARGO APRON DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................... 9-36 UTILIZING FACILITY PLANNING METRICS FOR CARGO WAREHOUSE DESIGN ..................... 9-44 CARGO WAREHOUSE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................... 9-46 CARGO STORAGE AND HANDLING SYSTEMS ................................................................................. 9-50 CARGO WAREHOUSE BUILDING HEIGHT ......................................................................................... 9-51 TRUCK PARKING AND MANUEVERING SPACE CONSIDERATIONS ............................................ 9-53 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 9-55 CHAPTER 10: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ................................ 10-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 10-1 AIR CARGO STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ..................................................................... 10-1 ALTERNATIVES FOR DEVELOPING AIR CARGO FACILITIES........................................................ 10-3 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 10-11 CHAPTER 11: TASK 9âVALIDATION PROCESS FOR AIR CARGO FACILITIES PLANNING MODEL AND INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................. 11-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 11-1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 11-5 CHAPTER 12: AIR CARGO FACILITIES PLANNING MODEL INSTRUCTIONS ...................... 12-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 12-1 COLLECT AIR CARGO FACILITY DATA ............................................................................................. 12-2 SAVING THE RESULTS ........................................................................................................................... 12-9 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 12-11 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ R-1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................. R-5 COLLECT AIR CARGO FACILITY DATA .............................................................................................. R-7 APPENDIX A: SURVEYS AND COVER LETTERS ............................................................................. A-1 APPENDIX B: DETAILED RESPONSE RATE TABLES .................................................................... B-1 APPENDIX C: SAGA SUSTAINABILITY DATABASE ....................................................................... C-1 APPENDIX D: CARGO FACILITIES PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINESâ ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION REPORT ........................................................................................ D-1 APPENDIX E: TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM ON THE CASE STUDY AIRPORTS INVENTORY AND DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................................... E-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Literature Summary â Airport Strategic Planning and Master Planning. ...................................... 2-3 Table 2-2 Literature Summary â Air Cargo Facility Planning and Design Process ...................................... 2-6 Table 2-3 Landside Freight Access to Airports â Issues and Solutions. ...................................................... 2-12 Table 3-1 Airport Master Planning Documents Collected... .......................................................................... 3-2 Table 3-2 Airport Master Planning Documents Reviewed and Analyzed ..................................................... 3-3 Table 4-1 Worldwide Integrator Hub Airports .............................................................................................. 4-3 Table 4-2 Typical Freighter Aircraft Ranges ................................................................................................. 4-9 Table 4-3 Top Twenty (by 2010 Annual Cargo Tons) U.S. Cargo Airports ............................................... 4-33 Table 4-4 Top 101 U.S. Cargo Airports: Total Annual Cargo Growth (Loss) Calendar Year (CY) 2000â2010 (Inclusive).... ............................................................................................................................. 4-35 Table 4-5 U.S. Integrator Hub Airports: Comparative Standing ................................................................. 4-37 Table 4-6 U.S. International Gateway Airports: Comparative Standing ..................................................... 4-40 Table 4-7 U.S. Northeastern Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth. ........................................ 4-41 Table 4-8 U.S. Southeastern Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth ......................................... 4-43 Table 4-9 U.S. North-Central Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth ....................................... 4-44 Table 4-10 U.S. South-Central Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth ..................................... 4-46 Table 4-11 U.S. Northwest Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth ........................................... 4-47 Table 4-12 U.S. Southwest Region Airports: CY 2000 â 2010 Cargo Growth ........................................... 4-48 Table 5-1 Air Cargo Case Study Airports ...................................................................................................... 5-3 Table 5-2 Air Cargo Case Study Airports â Team Assignments ................................................................... 5-6 Table 5-3 System Airports Invited to Participate in ACRP 03-24 Surveys ................................................... 5-9 Table 6-1 Air Cargo Business Survey, Responses by Type of Cargo Business ............................................ 6-3 Table 6-2 Air Cargo Case Study and Non-Case Study Airports .................................................................... 6-5 Table 6-3 Summary of Average Survey Response Rates ............................................................................ 6-10 Table 6-4 Survey Assessment/Feedback...................................................................................................... 6-10 Table 7-1 Air Cargo Growth/Decrease: CY 2000 â 2010 (inclusive) ............................................................ 7-3 Table 7-2 Airport Master Planning Documents Reviewed and Analyzed ................................................... 7-10 Table 8-1 Air Cargo Warehouse Space Collected and Analyzed ................................................................ 8-10 Table 8-2 Air Cargo Facility Requirements Ratio Matrix ........................................................................... 8-11 Table 8-3 Facility Requirement Ratios Based on Master Plan Review ....................................................... 8-13 Table 8-4 Air Cargo Warehouse Throughput Rates for Third Party Handlers and All-Cargo Carriers....... 8-16 Table 8-5 Air Cargo Ramp Throughput Rates for Third Party Handlers and All-Cargo Carriers ............... 8-17 Table 8-6 Air Cargo GSE Space Throughput Rates for Third Party Handlers and All-Cargo Carriers⦠.. 8-17 Table 8-7 Air Cargo Warehouse Throughput Rates for Integrated Express Carriers .................................. 8-19 Table 8-8 Air Cargo Ramp Throughput Rates for Integrated Express Carriers ........................................... 8-20 Table 8-9 Air Cargo GSE Space Throughput Rates for Integrated Express Carriers .................................. 8-20 Table 8-10 Air Cargo Warehouse Throughput Rates for Passenger Carriers .............................................. 8-21 Table 8-11 Air Cargo GSE Space Throughput Rates for Passenger Carriers .............................................. 8-22 Table 8-12 Warehouse Square Feet to Dock/Door Ratios ........................................................................... 8-23 Table 8-13 Air Cargo Warehouse to Truck Parking Ratio .......................................................................... 8-23 Table 9-1 Viable Tug Driving Times ............................................................................................................. 9-6 Table 9-2 Aircraft Categories ...................................................................................................................... 9-27 Table 9-3 Aircraft Design Groups ............................................................................................................... 9-27 Table 9-4 Aircraft-Building Separation Distances ....................................................................................... 9-29 Table 9-5 Representative Sample of Cargo Jet Aircraft and Carriers Operating at U.S. Airports ............... 9-30
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page v Table 9-6 Space Requirements for Cargo Jet Aircraft Operating at U.S. Airports ...................................... 9-31 Table 9-7 Regional Turboprop Cargo Aircraft/Carriers Operating at U.S. Airports ................................... 9-32 Table 9-8 Space Requirements for Regional Turboprop Cargo Aircraft Operating at U.S. Airports .......... 9-32 Table 9-9 Air Cargo Facility Requirements Ratio Matrix ........................................................................... 9-34 Table 9-10 Air Cargo Facility Requirements Ratio Application: Integrators .............................................. 9-35 Table 9-11 Air Cargo Facility Requirements Ratio Application: Freighters ............................................... 9-35 Table 9-12 Air Cargo Facility Requirements Ratio Application: Warehouse ............................................. 9-45 Table 10-1 Airport Developed Cargo Facility, Construction Cost Budget .................................................. 10-8 Table 10-2 Income Pro Forma ..................................................................................................................... 10-9 Table 10-3 Development Financial Pro Forma .......................................................................................... 10-10 Table 10-4 Detailed Development Financial Pro Forma ........................................................................... 10-10 Table 11-1 Air Cargo Facility Model Survey Summary .............................................................................. 11-2 Table 11-2 Air Cargo Facility Model Survey Response Summary ............................................................. 11-3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1 Locations of Airports with Summary Profiles ............................................................................. 3-4 Figure 4-1 Historic Air Cargo Market Share ................................................................................................. 4-2 Figure 4-2 Wide Body Freighter Sample, Boeing 777-200 ........................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4-3 Wide Body Freighter Sample, Airbus A300-600 ......................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4-4 Narrow Body Freighter Sample, Boeing 757 ............................................................................... 4-7 Figure 4-5 Regional Air Cargo Feeder Aircraft Sample, Cessna Caravan 208B.... ....................................... 4-7 Figure 4-6 Types of Unit Load Devices (ULD) ............................................................................................. 4-8 Figure 4-7 Airports with Significant Role in Air Cargo Industry ................................................................ 4-12 Figure 4-8 Cargo Flow Diagram (Austin-Bergstrom International Airport) ............................................... 4-19 Figure 4-9 First Line, Second Line, and Third Line Air Cargo Facilities at Chicago OâHare International Airportâ¦.. .................................................................................................................................................... 4-20 Figure 4-10 Airside and Landside Areas at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport .................................. 4-21 Figure 4-11 Relationship between Leasing Expense and Airside Throughput Velocity ............................. 4-23 Figure 4-12 Determining Appropriate Handling Systems ........................................................................... 4-25 Figure 4-13 FedEx Express Sorting System ................................................................................................ 4-25 Figure 4-14 K Loader Loading On To an Aircraft ....................................................................................... 4-26 Figure 4-15 Elevating Transfer Vehicle (ETV) Systems ............................................................................. 4-27 Figure 4-16 Five Ps Development Model .................................................................................................... 4-31 Figure 4-17 The Four Cs .............................................................................................................................. 4-31 Figure 4-18 2013 Top 20 Airports ............................................................................................................... 4-34 Figure 4-19 International Cargo Gateways .................................................................................................. 4-39 Figure 4-20 Air Cargo for DHL, Emery, and BAX Legacy Hubs ............................................................... 4-44 Figure 5-1 Location of Case Study Airports .................................................................................................. 5-2 Figure 6-1 Number of Respondents by ACI Cargo Ranking ......................................................................... 6-6 Figure 6-2 Number of Respondents by Climate Type ................................................................................... 6-7 Figure 6-3 GSE Area Estimate for FedEx Express at Seattle-Tacoma Intl. Airport .................................... 6-12 Figure 6-4 Example Cargo Aircraft Parking Position â FedEx Express at Seattle-Tacoma Intl. Airport .... 6-13 Figure 6-5 Aircraft Parking Area Estimate for FedEx Express at Seattle-Tacoma Intl. Airport ................. 6-14 Figure 6-6 Example Estimating Technique for Building B at Seattle-Tacoma Intl. Airport ....................... 6-15 Figure 6-7 Google Earth Pro 3D â UPS 3D Rendering at St. Louis Intl. Airport ........................................ 6-16 Figure 6-8 Google Earth Pro Street View â Cargo Building B at Baltimore-Washington Intl. Airport ...... 6-17 Figure 6-9 Freight Forwarder Location Map Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta Intl. Airport ................................ 6-20
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page vi Figure 6-10 Example Truck Parking Camera System.................................................................................. 6-21 Figure 7-1 ATL Annual Cargo (Metric Tons): CY 2000 â 2011 ................................................................... 7-5 Figure 7-2 DHL Legacy Hub at CVG: Total Annual Cargo (Metric Tons): CY 2000 â 2010 .................... 7-11 Figure 7-3 U.S. International Gateways: Total Annual Cargo Growth: CY 2000 â 2010 ........................... 7-12 Figure 7-4 Bay Area Airports: Total Annual Cargo (Metric Tons): CY 2000 â 2010 ................................. 7-14 Figure 8-1 Determining Appropriate Handling Systems ............................................................................... 8-3 Figure 8-2 FedEx Express Sorting System .................................................................................................... 8-4 Figure 8-3 Elevating Transfer Vehicle (ETV) Systems ................................................................................. 8-4 Figure 8-4 Comparison of Base Rent to Operational Costs ......................................................................... 8-27 Figure 9-1 Simple Air Cargo Area Diagram .................................................................................................. 9-2 Figure 9-2 Air Freight Revenue Ton-Miles by Carrier Type, 1994 â 2002 ................................................... 9-3 Figure 9-3 Austin Bergstrom International Airport â Cargo Area Location .................................................. 9-7 Figure 9-4 Dulles International Airport â Cargo Areas Location .................................................................. 9-8 Figure 9-5 Indianapolis International Airport â Cargo Area Location .......................................................... 9-9 Figure 9-6 RDU Total Cargo: CY 2000 â 2013 ........................................................................................... 9-16 Figure 9-7 RDU Total Cargo Forecasts: CY 2010 â 2030........................................................................... 9-17 Figure 9-8 ONT Total Cargo: CY 2000 â 2013 ........................................................................................... 9-18 Figure 9-9 ONT Total Cargo Forecasts: CY 2010 â 2030 ........................................................................... 9-19 Figure 9-10 ATL Total, International & Domestic Cargo: CY 2000 â 2013 ............................................... 9-20 Figure 9-11 ATL Domestic Cargo Market Shares: CY 2013 ...................................................................... 9-21 Figure 9-12 Wide Body Freighter Sample, Boeing 777-200 ....................................................................... 9-24 Figure 9-13 Wide Body Freighter Sample, Airbus A300-600 ..................................................................... 9-25 Figure 9-14 Narrow Body Freighter Sample, Boeing 757 ........................................................................... 9-25 Figure 9-15 Regional Air Cargo Feeder Aircraft Sample, Cessna Caravan 208B ....................................... 9-26 Figure 9-16 Boeing 747 Cargo Nose Door Profile ...................................................................................... 9-26 Figure 9-17 Head-of-Stand Road and GSE Storage Configuration ............................................................. 9-37 Figure 9-18 Tail-Stand Road and Taxi-lane Configuration ......................................................................... 9-38 Figure 9-19 Roads between Cargo Warehouses and Apron Configuration ................................................. 9-39 Figure 9-20 Air Cargo Apron Push Back Area and Process ........................................................................ 9-40 Figure 9-21 Air Cargo Ramp Jet Blast Fence at SEATAC International Airport ........................................ 9-40 Figure 9-22 Air Cargo Ramp Markings ....................................................................................................... 9-42 Figure 9-23 Air Cargo GSE Service Areas for B747 ................................................................................... 9-43 Figure 9-24 Examples of Unit Load Devices ............................................................................................... 9-49 Figure 9-25 Examples of Manual Loan Facilities ........................................................................................ 9-50 Figure 9-26 Examples of Moderately Mechanized Sort and Load .............................................................. 9-51 Figure 9-27 Examples of Automated Terminals and Gateways .................................................................. 9-51 Figure 9-28 ETV System Being Installed at Centurion Air Cargo Facility ................................................. 9-52 Figure 9-29 ULD Bypass Dock at Austin Bergstrom International Airport ................................................ 9-55 Figure 12-1 Air Cargo Facility Inventory Data ........................................................................................... 12-2 Figure 12-2 Entering Base Year Air Cargo Volume Data ........................................................................... 12-4 Figure 12-3 Entering Forecasted Air Cargo Volume Data .......................................................................... 12-5 Figure 12-4 Facility Size Ratio Inputs ......................................................................................................... 12-7 Figure 12-5 Review of Truck Parking Ratio Inputs ..................................................................................... 12-8 Figure 12-6 Review of Warehouse Truck Dock/Door Ratio Inputs ............................................................ 12-8 Figure 12-7 Ramp Area Space Utilization During Peak Hour Aircraft Parking .......................................... 12-9 Figure 12-8 Ramp Area Space Utilization During Peak Hour Aircraft Parking - Expanded..................... 12-10
