Consideration of Preservation in Pavement Design and Analysis Procedures (2015)

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N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 810 Consideration of Preservation in Pavement Design and Analysis Procedures Applied pAvement technology, inc. Urbana, IL Subscriber Categories Maintenance and Preservation • Pavements TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2015 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. 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C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 810 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Christopher Hedges, Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Doug English, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 01-48 PANEL Field of Design—Area of Pavements Magdy Y. Mikhail, Texas DOT, Austin, TX (Chair) Michael E. Ayers, Global Pavement Consultants, Inc. (formerly with American Concrete Pavement Association), Fithian, IL Sejal B. Barot, Maryland State Highway Administration, Hanover, MD Bill Barstis, Mississippi DOT, Jackson, MS Imad Basheer, California DOT, Sacramento, CA Gary E. Elkins, AMEC Foster Wheeler, Reno, NV Kent R. Hansen, National Asphalt Pavement Association, Lanham, MD Leslie A. McCarthy, Villanova University, Villanova, PA Roger C. Olson, Minnesota DOT, Maplewood, MN Janice Poplin Williams, Louisiana DOTD, Baton Rouge, LA Nadarajah “Siva” Sivaneswaran, FHWA Liaison James W. Bryant, Jr., TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research described herein was performed under NCHRP Project 1-48 by Applied Pavement Tech- nology, Inc. (APTech). The research team included Mr. David Peshkin, who served as the principal inves- tigator, Mr. Kelly L. Smith, and Dr. Linda M. Pierce, all from APTech. Dr. Gary Hicks, with the California Pavement Preservation Center and the University of California, Chico, and Dr. Kevin Hall, with the University of Arkansas, also contributed to the study. APTech gratefully acknowledges the many individuals from state departments of transportation and industry organizations who participated in the interviews and provided information and feedback regarding the availability of data.

F O R E W O R D By Amir N. Hanna Staff Officer Transportation Research Board This report presents information on the effects of preservation on pavement performance and service life and describes three different approaches for considering these effects in pavement design and analysis procedures. These approaches could serve as a basis for devel- oping procedures for incorporating preservation in the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Manual of Practice (MEPDG) and the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state pavement and maintenance engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavement design and preservation. Pavement preservation provides a means for maintaining and improving the functional condition of an existing highway system and slowing deterioration. Although pavement preservation is not expected to substantially increase structural capacity, it generally leads to improved pavement performance and longer service life and, therefore, should be con- sidered in the pavement design process. The AASHTO MEPDG and the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software provide methodologies for the analysis and performance prediction of different types of flexible and rigid pavements. However, these methodologies and related performance prediction models focus on new design and structural rehabilitation and do not explicitly consider the contributions of pavement preservation treatments to the overall pavement performance. Thus research was needed to identify approaches for considering the effects of preservation on pavement performance and to develop procedures that facilitate consideration of pave- ment preservation treatments in the MEPDG analysis process. Such procedures will ensure that the contributions of preservation to performance and service life are appropriately considered in the analysis and design process. Under NCHRP Project 1-48, “Incorporating Pavement Preservation into the MEPDG,” Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., initially worked with the objective of developing pro- cedures for incorporating pavement preservation treatments into the MEPDG analysis pro- cess. However, as research progressed and available data associated with the performance of preservation-treated pavements were examined, it became evident that sufficient data were not available to support the development of performance-prediction models that account for these effects and would be appropriate for incorporation into the MEPDG analysis pro- cess. The research then focused on identifying and describing approaches that would serve as a basis for developing such models and illustrating how they would be incorporated in the MEPDG design and analysis procedures. To accomplish this revised objective, the researchers reviewed available information on pavement preservation and pavement design (primarily as related to the MEPDG) and

interviewed representatives of selected state highway agency (SHA) and pavement industry groups to assess pavement preservation and pavement design practices and the availability of data to support the development of approaches to account for the effects of pavement pres- ervation in pavement design and analysis procedures. Based on this work, three approaches that would allow the consideration of preservation in the MEPDG design and analysis pro- cedures were identified. One of these approaches accounts for all aspects of structural and functional performance associated with the application of preservation treatments. Another approach builds off of the calibration/validation process outlined in the AASHTO Local Calibration Guide by collecting extensive time-series performance data from a substantive set of preservation-treated test sections to support the development of calibrated models. A third approach considers the immediate and long-term changes in materials and structure properties resulting from treatment application, although it involves a high level of com- plexity to accurately define these changes. These approaches are described in detail, and examples that illustrate the step-by-step process for their incorporation into the MEPDG are presented. Appendices A through I contained in the research agency’s final report provide elabora- tions and detail on several aspects of the research; they are not published herein but are available by searching for NCHRP Report 810 on the TRB website www.trb.org.

C O N T E N T S Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Background and Problem Statement 2 Research Objective 3 Research Scope and Approach 3 Organization of Report 4 Chapter 2 State of the Practice 4 Literature Review 4 SHA and Industry Group Interviews 10 Chapter 3 Assessment of Consideration of Preservation in MEPDG Models 10 LTPP Test Sections 10 MEPDG Consideration of Preservation 11 MEPDG Design Approach 12 Evaluation of Data Availability 16 Chapter 4 Developing Response Models for Considering the Effects of Preservation in the MEPDG Procedures 16 Process Description 17 Feasibility Assessment 17 Example of Implementation Process 21 Chapter 5 Calibrating MEPDG Models to Account for Preservation 21 Process Description 30 Feasibility Assessment 31 Example of Implementation Process 36 Chapter 6 Using Modified Material and Pavement Structural Properties in MEPDG Models to Account for Preservation 36 Process Description 41 Feasibility Assessment 41 Examples of Implementation Process 55 Chapter 7 Summary and Recommendations for Research 55 Summary 56 Recommendations for Future Research 57 References 60 Appendices A Through I