Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 139 TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2015 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation Optimizing Airport Building Operations and Maintenance Through Retrocommissioning: A Whole-Systems Approach SebeSta, Inc. St. Paul, MN
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter national commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative nearÂterm solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100ÂCentury of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council InternationalÂNorth America (ACIÂNA), the American Associa tion of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended endÂusers of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airportÂindustry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 139 Project 09Â04 ISSN 1935Â9802 ISBN 978Â0Â309Â30872Â4 Library of Congress Control Number 2015940568 © 2015 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and notÂforÂprofit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and notÂforÂprofit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.nationalÂacademies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academyâs purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under ACRP Project 09Â04 by Sebesta, Inc. Peter K. Dahl, Ph.D., was the Principal Investigator. The other authors of this report and accompanying materials are Abbe Bjorklund, Jerry Bauers, Andrew Heairet, Corinne Wichser, Jeff Seewald, Jessica Parks, James Miller, Katie Anthony, Kristina Bach and Mary Terrell, all of Sebesta. Contributions were also provided by Albert Menendez, M Group. CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 139 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Joseph D. Navarrete, Senior Program Officer Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Sharon Lamberton, Editor ACRP PROJECT 09-04 PANEL Field of Maintenance Peter Higgins, Salt Lake City Department of Airports, Salt Lake City, UT (Chair) Isilay Civan, HOK, Chicago, IL Richard Connolly, Los Angeles World Airports, Los Angeles, CA Lorie Hinton, Arapahoe County (CO) Public Airport Authority, Englewood, CO Tansu Sengezener, Johnson Controls, Alexandria, VA John A. Walewski, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Kelly Slusarski, FAA Liaison Richard Marchi, Airports Council International - North America Liaison Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison
ACRP Report 139: Optimizing Airport Building Operation and Maintenance Through Retro- commissioning: A Whole-Systems Approach is a guidebook to help airport industry practi tioners incorporate a wholeÂbuilding systems lifecycle approach to operations and mainte nance (O&M) optimization that suits their unique needs. Included with the guidebook is a CD that contains additional appendices and a spreadsheet tool to help practitioners evalu ate and select appropriate facility optimization measures based on cost, savings, complexity, visibility, and greenhouse gas savings. Airports looking to facilitate sustainability through enhanced O&M practices will find the guidance and recommended practices extremely valuable and practical. Airports are increasingly concerned with improving efficiency and reliability as well as reducing costs. Since an airportâs O&M budget constitutes a significant portion of its overall budget, many airports have begun exploring ways to optimize O&M and improve overall building system performance through retrocommissioning. Although significant financial and environmental benefits can be realized through O&M optimization and retro commissioning, the complexity of airport building systems and the lack of a wholeÂbuilding systems lifecycle approach to decisionÂmaking can lead to conflicting priorities and less thanÂoptimal improvements. Research was needed to help airports understand and apply a wholeÂbuilding systems lifecycle approach to O&M optimization and retrocommissioning. The research, led by Sebesta, began with a literature review that addressed O&M best practices for system optimization and energy performance. Next, the team developed a draft primer and process map designed to assist airports in understanding and selecting an appro priate method to pursuing operational improvements. A series of stakeholder focus groups were held to collect feedback on the primer and process map. The team then prepared exam ple case studies. The results of these efforts were used to prepare the guidebook. The guidebook includes an introduction to retrocommissioning and a discussion of building O&M best practices. It then offers guidance for developing a retrocommissioning plan, addressing the key phases of project scoping, planning, investigation, implementa tion, and verification. A process map for facility optimization graphically lays out the key steps. The guidebook also provides a glossary and related appendices, including an example retrocommissioning report. F O R E W O R D By Joseph D. Navarrete Staff Officer Transportation Research Board
Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions. 1 Introduction 3 Section 1 Suggested Practices for Airport Building Operations and Maintenance 15 Section 2 Getting Started with Retrocommissioning 20 Section 3 Guidance for Developing a Retrocommissioning Plan 26 Section 4 Ongoing Commissioning 30 References 31 Glossary 33 Appendices C O N T E N T S