National Academies Press: OpenBook

Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook (2015)

Chapter: Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References

« Previous: Appendix B - Guidance for Utilizing GIS with the ActiveTrans Priority Tool
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 77
Page 78
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 78
Page 79
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 79
Page 80
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 80
Page 81
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 81
Page 82
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C - Existing Condition and Demand Variable References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2015. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22163.
×
Page 82

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

77 A P P E N D I X C Existing Condition and Demand Variable References

Variable Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Segment) Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Uncontrolled Crossing) Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Signalized Intersection) FHWA Crosswalk Guidelines Pedestrian Intersection Safety Index (ISI) Pedestrian Crash Modification Factors Notes Traffic speed in the parallel direction of travel or roadway being crossed X X X X X Traffic volume and composition (proportion heavy vehicles) in the parallel direction of travel or roadway being crossed X X X X Right-turn-on-red restricted/allowed X X Signal timing (e.g., leading pedestrian interval, pedestrian clearance time, pedestrian and bicycle delay) X Presence/type of traffic control (e.g., traffic signal, stop sign) X Presence of crosswalk warning signs or beacons (e.g., in-street crossing signs, rectangular rapid flashing beacons, pedestrian hybrid beacon) X X Number of general-purpose (through) lanes in the parallel direction of travel or being crossed X X X X Number of designated right-turn lanes in the parallel direction of travel or roadway being crossed See Schneider et al. (2010) Total crossing distance X Curb radius (for right-turn vehicles) See AASHTO Pedestrian Guide (2004) and FHWA PedSAFE (2013) Presence of median or crossing island X X Presence and utilization of on-street parking X Table C-1. Variables used in pedestrian suitability analysis tools.

Presence and width of bicycle lanes X Presence and width of the paved outside shoulder X Frequency of driveway crossings See Schneider (2011) Presence and width of buffer between sidewalk and motorized traffic X Presence and width of sidewalk X Presence of traffic calming measures See Zein, et al. (1997), AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004), and FHWA PEDSAFE (2013) Sidewalk condition See AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004) and FHWA PEDSAFE (2013) Source Multimodal Level of Service for Urban Streets (Dowling et al., 2008, p. 88) Multimodal Level of Service for Urban Streets (Dowling et al., 2008, p. 88-91) Multimodal Level of Service for Urban Streets (Dowling et al., 2008, p. 88) Safety Effects of Marked Versus Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations, Final Report and Recommended Guidelines (Zegeer et al., 2005, p. 54) Pedestrian and Bicyclist Intersection Safety Indices, Final Report (Carter et al., 2006, p. 38) Crash Modification Factor Clearinghouse (FHWA, 2014, http://www.cmfclear inghouse.org/) Variable Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Segment) Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Uncontrolled Crossing) Pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) (Signalized Intersection) FHWA Crosswalk Guidelines Pedestrian Intersection Safety Index (ISI) Pedestrian Crash Modification Factors Notes Table C-1. (Continued).

Variable Bicycle Level of Service (LOS) (Segment) Bicycle Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) Bicycle Level of Service (LOS) (Signalized Intersection) Bicycle Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) Bicycle Intersection Safety Index (ISI) Bicycle Crash Modification Factors Notes Traffic speed in the parallel direction of travel or roadway being crossed X X X X Traffic volume and composition (proportion heavy vehicles) in the parallel direction of travel or roadway being crossed X X X Right-turning traffic volume X Right-turn-on-red restricted/allowed See NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide (2012) Presence/type of traffic control (e.g., traffic signal, stop sign) X Presence of crosswalk warning signs or beacons (e.g., in-street crossing signs, rectangular rapid flashing beacons, pedestrian hybrid beacon) X Number of general-purpose (through) lanes in the parallel direction of travel or being crossed X X X X X Number of designated right-turn lanes in the parallel direction of travel X X Total crossing distance X Curb radius (for right-turn vehicles) X Presence of median or crossing island X X Presence and utilization of on-street parking X X Presence and width of bicycle lanes X X X X Presence and width of the paved outside shoulder X X Degree of separation/buffer width between bicycle and motorized traffic X Also see Dill and McNeil (2012) and Lusk et al. (2013) Frequency of driveway crossings X X Presence of traffic calming measures See Zein, et al. (1997), AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004), and FHWA BIKESAFE (2014) Width of the outside through lane X X Pavement condition X Source Multimodal Level of Service for Urban Streets (Dowling et al., 2008, p. 83) Low-Stress Bicycling and Network Connectivity (Mekuria et al., 2012, Tables 2 to 6) Bicycle Compatibility Index, Implementation Manual (FHWA, 1999, Table 1) Multimodal Level of Service for Urban Streets (Dowling et al., 2008, p. 83-84) Low-Stress Bicycling and Network Connectivity (Mekuria et al., 2012, Tables 5 to 8) Pedestrian and Bicyclist Intersection Safety Indices, Final Report (FHWA, 2006, p. 34) Crash Modification Factor Clearinghouse (FHWA, 2014, http://www.cmfcl earinghouse.org/) Table C-2. Variables used in bicycle suitability analysis tools.

Variable Maryland Meso- Scale Model of Pedestrian Demand Charlotte, NC, Signalized Intersection Pedestrian Volume Model Alameda County, CA, Intersection Pedestrian Volume Model San Francisco Intersection Pedestrian Volume Model (1) Santa Monica, CA, Pedestrian Volume Model San Diego, CA, Pedestrian Volume Model Montreal, QC, Signalized Intersection Pedestrian Volume Model San Francisco Intersection Pedestrian Volume Model (2) Portland, OR, Pedestrian Index of the Environment WalkScore® Notes Population or housing unit density X X X X X X X X Employment density X X X X X X X X Commercial retail property density/proximity/accessibility X X X X X X X Transit station or stop density/proximity/accessibility X X X X X X X X Density/proximity/accessibility of attractors (grocery stores, restaurants, coffee shops, banks, parks, schools) X X X Land use mix X X Proximity to college/university campus X Bicycle facility density/proximity/accessibility (e.g., multi-use trail, bicycle lane, cycle track, bicycle boulevard) X X Number of boardings at transit stops X Proportion of residents living in poverty or without access to an automobile X X Roadway slope X X Distance from downtown/central business district X Source A Meso-Scale Model of Pedestrian Demand (Clifton et. al, 2008) Assessment of Models to Measure Pedestrian Activity at Signalized Intersections (Pulugurtha and Repaka, 2008) Pilot Model for Estimating Pedestrian Intersection Crossing Volumes (Schneider et al., 2009a) Pedestrian Volume Modeling: A Case Study of San Francisco (Liu and Griswold, 2009) GIS Based Bicycle and Pedestrian Demand Forecasting Techniques (Haynes and Andrzejewski, 2010) Seamless Travel: Measuring Bicycle and Pedestrian Activity in San Diego County and its Relationship to Land Use, Transportation, Safety, and Facility Type (Jones et al., 2010) Modeling of Pedestrian Activity at Signalized Intersections: Land Use, Urban Form, Weather, and Spatiotemporal Patterns (Miranda- Moreno and Fernandes, 2011) Development and Application of the San Francisco Pedestrian Intersection Volume Model (Schneider et al., 2012) The Pedestrian Index of the Environment (PIE): Representing the Walking Environment in Planning Applications (Singleton et al., 2014) www.walkscore. com (Note: The details of the WalkScore calculation methodology are not available publicly. The methodology has been changed in the past and could be changed again. Public users can also update data.) Table C-3. Variables used in pedestrian demand model studies.

Variable Cambridge, MA, Space Syntax Bicycle Volume Model Santa Monica, CA, Bicycle Volume Model San Diego, CA, Bicycle Volume Model Alameda County, CA, Bicycle Volume Models Montreal, QC, Signalized Intersection Bicycle Volume Model Portland, OR, Bicycle Route Choice Model San Francisco Bicycle Route Choice Model Bike Score™ Notes Population or housing unit density X Employment density X X X Commercial retail property density/proximity/accessibility X X Transit station or stop density/proximity/accessibility X X Density/proximity/accessibility of attractors (grocery stores, restaurants, coffee shops, banks, parks, schools) X Land use mix X X Proximity to college/university campus X Bicycle facility density/proximity/accessibility (e.g., multi-use trail, bicycle lane, cycle track, bicycle boulevard) X X X X X X X Also significant in Dill and Voros (2007) Portland survey. Proportion of residents living in poverty or without access to an automobile X Also significant in Dill and Carr (2003) bicycle commuting study and Dill and Voros (2007) Portland survey. Density/proximity/accessibility of number of bike share docking stations Strauss and Miranda-Moreno (2013) recommend for future research Roadway slope X X X X Roadway density/connectivity X X X Distance from downtown/central business district Significant in Dill and Voros (2007) Portland survey. Source The Applicability of Space Syntax to Bicycle Facility Planning (McCahill and Garrick, 2008) GIS Based Bicycle and Pedestrian Demand Forecasting Techniques (Haynes and Andrzejewski, 2010) Seamless Travel: Measuring Bicycle and Pedestrian Activity in San Diego County and its Relationship to Land Use, Transportation, Safety, and Facility Type (Jones et al., 2010) Pilot Models for Estimating Bicycle Intersection Volumes (Griswold, Medury, and Schneider, 2011) Spatial Modeling of Bicycle Activity at Signalized Intersections (Strauss and Miranda- Moreno, 2013) Understanding and Measuring Bicycling Behavior: A Focus on Travel Time and Route Choice (Dill and Gliebe, 2008) A GPS-based bicycle route choice model for San Francisco, California (Hood, Sall, and Charlton, 2011) http://www. walkscore.com/ bike-score- methodology.s html (Note: The methodology could be changed in the future. Public users can also update data.) Table C-4. Variables used in bicycle demand model studies.

Next: Appendix D - Guidebook References and Resources »
Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 803: Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Along Existing Roads—ActiveTrans Priority Tool Guidebook presents a tool and guidance that may be used to help prioritize improvements to pedestrian and bicycle facilities, either separately or together as part of a “complete streets” evaluation approach.

The guidebook is supplemented by a CD that contains a programmed spreadsheet to facilitate implementation of the ActiveTrans methodology, as well as a final report that documents the research approach, findings, and conclusions.

The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.

Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM Image

Download the .ISO CD-ROM Image

(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)

CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!