NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the board responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
Support for this project was provided by the following agreements:
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Research was supported, in part, by a DOE award (Agreement No. DE-FG05-89ER60743) and such support does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed here.
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Research supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under USGS Agreement No. 1434-92-C-1122. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
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The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under a grant with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Agreement No. EMW-85-K-2063/C). The substance and findings of this work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government.
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The National Science Foundation under Agreement No. BCS-9215040/R.
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Although the results described in this document have been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Assistance Agreement X820546-01-0 to the National Academy of Sciences, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 93-84799
International Standard Book Number 0-309-04948-2
Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area)
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Copyright 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
AUTHORS OF PAPERS
KENNETH D. FREDERICK, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM L. GRAF, Arizona State University, Tempe
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
WALTER R. LYNN, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
JUDY L. MEYER, University of Georgia, Athens
A. DAN TARLOCK, IIT Chicago Kent College of Law, Illinois
EDITH BROWN WEISS, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C.
SYMPOSIUM CHAIR
A. DAN TARLOCK, IIT Chicago Kent College of Law, Illinois
SYMPOSIUM COORDINATORS
SHEILA D. DAVID, Senior Staff Officer
JEANNE AQUILINO, Administrative Associate
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
DANIEL A. OKUN, Chair,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
A. DAN TARLOCK, Vice Chair,
lit Chicago Kent College of Law, Illinois
J. DAN ALLEN,
Chevron USA, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana
KENNETH D. FREDERICK,
Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
DAVID L. FREYBERG,
Stanford University, California
WILFORD R. GARDNER,
University of California, Berkeley
DUANE L. GEORGESON,
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles
LYNN R. GOLDMAN,
California Department of Health Services, Emeryville
WILLIAM L. GRAF,
Arizona State University, Tempe
THOMAS M. HELLMAN,
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New York, New York
ROBERT J. HUGGETT,
College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia
CHARLES C. JOHNSON, Consultant,
Bethesda, Maryland
JUDY L. MEYER,
University of Georgia, Athens
STAVROS S. PAPADOPULOS,
S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
KENNETH W. POTTER,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
BRUCE E. RITTMANN,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
PHILIP C. SINGER,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
JOY B. ZEDLER,
San Diego State University, California
STAFF
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Director
SARAH CONNICK, Senior Staff Officer
SHEILA D. DAVID, Senior Staff Officer
CHRIS ELFRING, Senior Staff Officer
GARY D. KRAUSS, Staff Officer
JACQUELINE MACDONALD, Staff Officer
JEANNE AQUILINO, Administrative Associate
ANITA A. HALL, Administrative Assistant
PATRICIA L. CICERO, Senior Project Assistant
GREGORY K. NYCE, Senior Project Assistant
Other Recent Reports of the Water Science and Technology Board
Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas (1993)
Ground Water Vulnerability Assessment: Predicting Contamination Potential Under Conditions of Uncertainty (1993)
Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public Policy (1992)
Water Transfers in the West: Efficiency, Equity, and the Environment (1992)
Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences (1991)
Preparing for the Twenty-First Century: A Report to the USGS Water Resources Division (1991)
Toward Sustainability: Soil and Water Research Priorities for Developing Countries (1991)
Ground Water Models: Science and Regulatory Applications (1990)
Managing Coastal Erosion (1990)
A Review of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Pilot Program (1990)
Surface Coal Mining Effects on Ground Water Recharge (1990)
Ground Water and Soil Contamination Remediation: Toward Compatible Science, Policy, and Public Perception (1990)
Irrigation Induced Water Quality Problems: What Can Be Learned from the San Joaquin Valley Experience? (1989)
Copies of these reports may be ordered from the National Academy Press (800) 624-6242
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Contents
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Introductory Remarks, |
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Intergenerational Fairness and Water Resources, |
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Landscapes, Commodities, and Ecosystems: The Relationship Between Policy and Science for American Rivers, |
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Hydrologic Science: Keeping Pace with Changing Values and Perceptions, |
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Changing Patterns of Water Resources Decision Making, |
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Changing Water Resources Institutions, |
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Changing Concepts of System Management, |
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The Water Science and Technology Board: A Success Story of a Run Down the Rapids of Science Policy, |
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