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124 B.1 Snow and Ice Removal ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Runway Occupancy TimeâThe duration that a runway is closed to aircraft while occupied by SRE and friction testing equipment (22, p. 24). ⢠Runway Closure DurationâThe duration a runway is closed due to winter weather-related surface conditions and snow removal operations. ⢠Follow-up Friction Measurement ValueâThe results of a friction test after snow and/or ice removal and/or chemical and/or sand application operations, and an indicator of snow and/ or ice removal and chemical application effectiveness. ⢠Time to Complete Airside Priority 1 PavementâThe time it takes to complete clearing the specified areas that are defined within an airportâs SICP as priority 1 areas. Similar to runway occupancy time, but extends beyond the performance of clearing the runway. ⢠Hours Runway is AvailableâThe total number of hours that the runway is available during a specified period (e.g., winter event). Opposite of Runway Closure Duration. ⢠Missed Runway Reopening TimeâOccurs when the coordinated runway reopening time between the airport and ATC is not met due to a longer than anticipated runway occupancy time by SRE. ⢠Signage/Lighting/Infrastructure DamageâA measure of airport documented damage of key infrastructure caused by SRE. Indicates the level of equipment operator situational awareness and training, as well as equipment effectiveness. ⢠Fuel UsageâThe volume of fuel used for winter event operations over a specified period. Indicates the efficiency of SRE operation and area cleared. ⢠Airport Entrance to Terminal Passenger Travel TimeâThe average time it takes for a passen- ger to travel from the main airport entrance to the terminal. Indicates the condition of landside roadways and the effectiveness of landside winter operations. ⢠Time to Complete Airside Non-priority 1 PavementâThe time it takes to clear airside areas that are not identified as priority 1 surfaces. ⢠Time to Complete Landside PavementâThe time it takes to complete clearing the specified areas of the airport that are not part of the aircraft operating area, including terminal buildings, roadways, parking lots, and garage decks. B.2 Chemical and Sand Application ⢠Unit Volume/Mass Applied per Unit Area TreatedâThe unit volume or mass of material and/or chemical applied per the unit surface area treated. B.3 Equipment ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Maintenance Down TimeâThe total time a piece of SRE is not in operation due to maintenance requirements. A P P E N D I X B Example Airport Performance Indicators
Example Airport Performance Indicators 125 ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Operation and Maintenance CostâThe operation and mainte- nance cost for the SRE fleet over a specified time period (22, p. 168). ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Average AgeâThe average age of airport SRE based on type. This can be an age assessment by year manufactured, miles driven, or hours of operation. ⢠Snow Removal Equipment AgeâThe age of airport SRE based on type. This can be an age assessment by year manufactured, miles driven, or hours of operation (22, p. 162). ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Maintenance Labor CostâThe total cost of labor directly associated with maintaining SRE over a specified period. ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Airside Operator Labor CostâThe total cost of part-time and full-time airport labor employed to operate airside SRE during the winter season. ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Landside Operator Labor CostâThe total cost of part-time and full-time airport labor employed to operate landside SRE during the winter season. ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Fleet Operating SpeedâThe average travel speed of the SRE fleet while in operation. Speeds may be identified for varying groups assigned different functions (e.g., runway teams, taxiway teams, etc.). B.4 Safety ⢠Aircraft ExcursionsâThe number of times an aircraft goes off dedicated pavement surfaces due to surface conditions during a winter season. ⢠Snow Removal Equipment IncursionsâThe number of times that there is an incorrect presence of a snow removal vehicle or operator on a runway that is open for aircraft operations (22, p. 215). ⢠âNILâ Pilot Braking Action ReportâThe number of occurrences when braking action con- ditions indicating that the degree of braking is zero on the airport movement area is reported by pilots within a pilot report. ⢠Aircraft Snow Damage IncidentâThe number of incidents over a specified time period for which an aircraft is damaged due to the results of pavement snow removal operations, such as snow piles scraping the tips of an aircraft wing, or landing gear damaged by windrows (22, p. 226). ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Damage IncidentâThe number of incidents where a piece of SRE is damaged while in operation over a specified time period (22, p. 226). ⢠Snow Removal Equipment Operator Windshield TimeâThe total amount of time a snow removal operator spends operating equipment during an event. ⢠Annual Snow Removal Equipment Operator Training HoursâThe total training hours received per operator over a calendar year or winter season. B.5 Stakeholder Coordination ⢠Time between Runway Reopening and First Aircraft OperationâThe amount of time after all snow removal and friction testing equipment has left a runway cleared to be reopened and the first aircraft operation. ⢠Missed Approach/Go AroundâThe number of occurrences when a pilot is directed by ATC to abandon his/her approach to landing due to a longer than anticipated runway occupancy time by SRE. ⢠Missed Holdover Times/Repeat DeicingâThe number of occurrences when an aircraft exceeds its deicing holdover time and must repeat deicing because of taxiway or runway unavailability caused by snow/ice accumulation or active snow removal operations. ⢠Taxi-Out TimeâThe average time to taxi from gate to runway end (22, p. 25). ⢠Taxi-In TimeâThe average time to taxi from runway end to gate. ⢠Percent Arrival Flights DelayedâThe percent of arriving flights delayed by 15 or more min- utes due to airport winter operations (22, p. 233). ⢠Percent Departure Flights DelayedâThe percent of departing flights delayed by 15 or more minutes due to airport winter operations (22, p. 235).
126 A Guidebook for Airport Winter Operations B.6 Financial ⢠Cost/Unit Depth of SnowâThe sum of applied runway chemical and material costs, labor costs (including regular and premium pay), contractor costs for both equipment and labor, cost of fuel used by the equipment, and costs associated with the snow melting operation (excluding operating or amortized capital cost of equipment) incurred during a snow event, divided by the unit depth of snow per event. ⢠Cost/Unit Area ClearedâThe sum of applied runway chemical and material costs, labor costs (including regular and premium pay), contractor costs for both equipment and labor, cost of fuel used by the equipment, and costs associated with the snow melting operation (excluding operating or amortized capital cost of equipment) incurred during a snow event, divided by the surface area cleared during the event. ⢠Contract Labor CostâThe total cost of contractor labor for winter operations services during a winter event or over the winter season. B.7 Environmental Compliance ⢠Permit ViolationsâThe number of exceedances of permitted numeric limits for environmental protection, such as in a NPDES permit.
Abbreviations and acronyms used without deï¬nitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACIâNA Airports Council InternationalâNorth America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation