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1 Purpose and Structure of the Primer ACRP Project 11-02, Task 21, âInnovative Airport Responses to Threatened and Endangered Species,â was conceived to assist airport sponsors/operators in addressing federally listed species issues on or near their facilities. Airports often occupy large tracts of land with development limitations that include zoning, safety, operational efficiency, environmental, noise reduction, and a variety of other issues. While most air- port operators are aware of the potential safety issues associ- ated with wildlife and aircraft operations, many are unfamiliar with the additional considerations brought about when threatened or endangered species, or their habitat, occur on or near airport property. Additionally, regulators charged with the protection of those species may not be thoroughly aware of the myriad of safety and operational constraints spe- cific to airports. Where airport and wildlife regulatory mis- sions conflict, there is a potential for compromised safety, increased costs, or adverse effects on long-term aviation or species protection goals. ACRP Report 122: Innovative Airport Responses to Threat- ened and Endangered Species was developed to provide airport owners and operators with practical information specific to addressing federally listed species issues on or near airports. It is also intended to provide regulators, stakeholders, envi- ronmental groups, and the public with information on the unique challenges airports may face in their efforts to comply with potentially conflicting environmental and safety regula- tions. This primer is intended to provide a concise, meaning- ful compilation of resources for users to access information on potential conflicts, challenges, and processes as well as resolutions for listed species issues at airports. ACRP Report 122 first introduces relevant regulations and then provides a discussion of potential areas of conflict between airports and those regulations as well as informa- tion on how to address those challenges. Additionally, the primer includes a series of case studies to provide users with a variety of approaches, actions, and measures that have been successfully implemented in diverse geographic, facility, and regulatory settings. Finally, CRP-CD-160: Airport Toolbox for ACRP Report 122 (bound into this primer and available on the ACRP Report 122 web page), provides further resources for airports addressing listed species issuesâU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) factsheets; a customizable infor- mational overview on the airport operational environment for regulators, stakeholders, and the public; informational overviews for airport operators on elements of the Endan- gered Species Act that are especially relevant to airports; and forms, a checklist, and samples to help airports assess and manage listed species and habitat at the airport. S E C T I O N 1