Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options (2014)

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E-1 The Airport Sustainability Rating System is composed of 50 Sustainability Activities across 8 categories (Figure E-1). In the ensuing tables, each Sustainability Activity is further clarified using the following sub-headings: • Purpose. This section explains each activity’s value and provides a rationale for why the activity was included in the Rating System. For example, the purpose of the Renewable Energy Use Activity is to conserve resources and increase airport resiliency by limiting dependence on fossil fuels. • Definition. This section presents a general description of each Sustainability Activity, defines key terms, and outlines the type of airport functions that fall within the scope of the activity. For example, “Terminal Building” and “Energy Use Intensity” are defined for the Terminal Building Energy Use Activity, and the related airport energy uses are listed. The definition of each activity focuses generally on performance within the airport’s direct control. However, engagement with other entities outside the airport’s control (e.g., tenants, passengers, general public) is encouraged, where appropriate. • Primary Related Activities. This section shows how each Sustainability Activity is related to others (e.g., where there is an overlap or a common theme). For example, Overall Airport Energy Use is related to the Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Activity. • Performance Metric. An indicator of performance within a Sustainability Activity that allows the airport to measure and track performance over time. Performance Metrics were developed using information from existing rating systems and support a scoring framework. • Example Supporting Initiatives. This section lists example airport projects or policies that could lead to improved performance under the sustainability activity and performance metric of that activity. These are not exhaustive, and individual airports will identify their own different initiatives and achieve differing results. The main source referenced in this section is the Sustain- able Aviation Guidance Alliance (SAGA) database (2009). The SAGA reference number is in parentheses after each initiatives sourced from SAGA, e.g., (432). • Source. This section lists sources that were references to develop the performance metric and definition. The main sources referenced include, among others: – Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Airport Operators Sector Supplement – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)—2009 Guidelines for Existing Buildings and Operations Maintenance – AASHE, Sustainability Tracking and Rating System (STARS) – Sustainable Design Manual, 2003; Sustainable Airport Manual 2009–2011, Current Version 2.1, Chicago Department of Aviation; Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA): Sustainable Airport Planning, Design, and Construction Guidelines (LSAG) – Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ): Sustainable Design Project Manual – Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI) Envision™ Sustainability Rating System A P P E N D I X E Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics

E-2 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Energy & Climate – EC Engagement & Leadership – EL EC 1 Terminal Building Energy Use EL 1 Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement EC 2 Overall Airport Energy Use EL 2 Public Outreach EC 3 Renewable Energy Use EL 3 Community Stewardship EC 4 Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EL 4 Integrated Sustainability Management EC 5 Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EL 5 Airport User Engagement & Outreach EC 6 Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EL 6 Tenant & Vendor Sustainability EC 7 Climate Change Adaptation Water & Waste – WW Transportation – TR WW 1 Potable Water Conservation TR 1 Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy WW 2 Waste Reduction TR 2 Airside Equipment Fuel Use WW 3 Waste Diversion TR 3 Alternative Vehicle Fuels Natural Resources – NR TR 4 Alternative Passenger Transportation NR 1 Landscape & Grounds TR 5 Alternative Employee Commute NR 2 Wildlife & Habitat Protection Economic Performance – EP NR 3 Pervious Surface EP 1 Socially Responsible Financial Investment NR 4 Airside Stormwater Quality EP 2 Airport Financial Viability NR 5 Wildlife Hazard Management EP 3 Risk Management NR 6 Heat Island Reduction EP 4 Regional Economic Contributions Human Well-Being – HW Design & Material – DM HW 1 Airport Noise Compatibility DM 1 Sustainable Design & Operation HW 2 Workplace Air Quality DM 2 Material Selection HW 3 Light Pollution DM 3 Construction Waste Diversion HW 4 Chemicals & Hazardous Materials DM 4 Construction Impacts Mitigation HW 5 Passenger Experience DM 5 Sustainable Site Selection HW 6 Employee Development DM 6 Local Sourcing HW 7 Labor Relations DM 7 Recycled & Bio-based Content HW 8 Diversity & Equal Opportunity DM 8 Low-Toxicity Materials HW 9 Occupational Health & Safety DM 9 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing HW 10 Universal Design Figure E-1. Airport sustainability rating system—overview of sustainability categories and activities.

Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 1 Terminal Building Energy Use Purpose Terminal Building Energy Use promotes the efficient use of energy in terminal and administrative building spaces to reduce operating expenses and minimize resource consumption without impacting airport critical functions. Definition Terminal buildings are defined as airport space for passenger support, baggage processing and pick-up, concession retail and restaurants, and administration functions. Energy use intensity is defined as total annual building energy consumption per square foot of building space. Efficiency performance is evaluated as a percent reduction from an airport-determined baseline energy intensity. Building energy includes direct consumption of fuels, e.g., for water heating and space conditioning, as well as energy consumption generated offsite—such as purchased electricity and steam. This activity includes total energy consumption within all terminal and administrative building spaces that support airport ground operations. Energy end-uses include, but are not limited to: lighting; refrigeration; equipment use (e.g., service counters, baggage systems, checkpoints); boilers; steam generation; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); people movers, data centers, jet bridges, building controls; and backup energy supply systems. The energy and building area footprint omits airside functions and infrastructure, which are covered by Activity EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use. Mobile energy associated with ground access vehicles and airport fleet are addressed by Activity TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy. Primary Related Activities EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use EC 4 – Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions TR 1 – Fleet Vehicles Percent reduction of building energy use intensity per square foot (BTU/ft2) from a baseline. Building total square feet is derived from gross area, which is the net usable square feet plus structural square feet (Airports without terminals will still evaluate administrative building energy use intensity). GRI: Environment Indicator EN5-7 STARS: Operations Credit 7: Building Energy Consumption ISI RA2.1: Reduce Energy Consumption Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Install building energy management control systems that optimize all systems in real time (328) Install high-efficiency motors and energy systems (334) Require building staff participation during commissioning and equipment testing (429) ENERGY & CLIMATE

Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 2 Overall Airport Energy Use Purpose Overall Airport Energy Use advances optimal energy performance across all airport operations to reduce operating expenses and minimize resource consumption without impacting airport critical functions. Definition Overall airport energy use intensity is defined as total annual airport energy use per designated unit of output. Efficiency performance is evaluated as an energy intensity reduction from an airport-determined baseline energy intensity. This activity covers both airside and landside energy use that occurs airport-wide as part of its operation. This includes energy use associated with, but not limited to: boilers; steam generation; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); lighting; data centers, building controls; backup energy supply systems; baggage handling; people movers; runway, taxiway, apron lighting; firefighting training; perimeter lighting; air traffic control towers; emergency facilities; cargo and maintenance hangars; auxiliary power units (APUs), jet bridges, and ground support equipment (GSE). The performance metric covers all airport energy end-uses, including Terminal Building Energy Use addressed in EC 1, except mobile energy associated with ground access vehicles. All fleet energy is included in TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy. Primary Related Activities EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use EC 4 – Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy Percent reduction of total airport energy use intensity from a baseline. The energy intensity unit of output metric may be designated from one of the following: number of airport customers/employees, number of aircraft movements, tonnage of cargo handled, or another appropriate metric. GRI: Environment Indicator EN5-7 STARS: Operations Credit 7: Building Energy Consumption, ISI RA2.1: Reduce Energy Consumption Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Establish and follow systems commission requirements for runway lighting and illuminated signage, runway NAVAIDS, runway site lighting systems, traffic signals, pump stations, and oil/water separators. (312) Convert conventional airfield lighting to LED Develop an Energy Master Plan for the organization’s facilities (383) Conduct investment grade energy audit across airport operated assets Install variable speed fans for HVAC systems

Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 3 Renewable Energy Use Purpose Renewable Energy Use conserves resources and increases airport resiliency by limiting dependence on fossil fuels. Definition Renewable energy is sustainably generated energy from non-fossil fuel sources including, but not limited to, solar photovoltaic generation, solar thermal, hydroelectric, wind turbine systems, biomass, and geothermal energy. Renewable Energy Use is measured as the percent of total airport energy consumption that is derived from renewable sources. The activity includes on-site renewably generated electricity, consumed bio-fuels, and purchased renewable electricity generated off-site. This Activity is concerned with renewable energy supplied to power terminal and building operations, perimeter and street lighting, cargo and maintenance hangars, parking structures, and other infrastructure and operations both landside and airside. Renewable energy use associated with ground access and airport fleet vehicles are covered under TR 3 – Alternative Vehicle Fuels. Primary Related Activities TR 3 – Alternative Vehicle Fuels Percent of total airport energy consumed annually, including electricity and other fuels derived from renewable sources. GRI: Environment Indicator EN6 STARS: Operations Credit 8: Clean and Renewable Energy ISI RA2.2: Use Renewable Energy PANYNJ: Energy IE-4 Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Install solar powered water heaters (404) Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (415) Identify energy tax credits, rebates, and grants by local utilities or federal, state or local agencies (413) Develop public-private partnerships for renewable energy development

Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 4 Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Purpose Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reduction promotes actions that mitigate aviation’s contribution to atmospheric GHG concentrations from airport terminal and administrative building activities. Definition Terminal Building GHG Emission Reductions is defined as total annual building scope 1 and scope 2 GHG emissions per square foot of terminal and administrative building space. Performance is evaluated as a percent reduction from an airport selected baseline emissions intensity. Scope 1 GHG emissions are direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the airport, including stationary combustion and fugitive emission sources. Scope 2 GHG emissions are indirect emissions that result from airport direct energy consumption from energy generated off-site (e.g., electricity and steam). GHGs considered under this Activity include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). This Activity includes all scope 1 and scope 2 emissions that result from activities occurring within all terminal and administrative building spaces—including but not limited to: lighting; refrigeration; equipment use (e.g., service counters, baggage systems, checkpoints); boilers; construction; firefighting training; steam generation; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); and other building sources. Airports without terminal buildings should consider GHG emissions from administrative buildings only. Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions from spaces operated by airport tenants are encouraged to be included within this activity with the acknowledgement that obtaining required data and influencing reductions are more difficult. This activity includes clearly documenting such cases where data may be less detailed or unavailable.1 Percent reduction of Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emission intensity per gross square foot from a baseline. Building total square feet is derived from gross area, which is the net usable square feet plus structural square feet (Airports without terminals will still evaluate administrative building GHG intensity). GRI: Environment Indicators EN16-18 STARS: Operations Credit 5: GHG Reductions ISI CR1.1: Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Develop sustainable design guidelines for upgrades or new construction of terminal and administrative buildings (2) Install large revolving doors to create an air lock and reduce heat transfer (340) Implement routine retro-commissioning of airport terminals and administrative buildings 1 ACRP Report 11: Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories can be used to prepare an airport-specific inventory of greenhouse gas emissions: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_011.pdf. GHG emissions from mobile energy sources and airside functions and infrastructure are covered in EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions. Scope 3 emissions, which are all other indirect and optionally considered emissions from sources not owned or controlled by the airport, are considered under EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction. Primary Related Activities EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use EC 3 – Renewable Energy Use EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EC 6 – Other Indirect GHG Emission Reduction

Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 5 Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Purpose Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions promotes actions that mitigate an airport’s contribution to atmospheric GHG concentrations. Definition Overall airport GHG emission intensity is defined as total annual airport scope 1 and scope 2 GHG emissions per designated unit of output. Performance is evaluated as a percent reduction from an airport-determined baseline GHG emissions intensity measurement. The intensity indicator can reflect overall scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions per number of airport passengers/employees, number of aircraft movements, tonnage of cargo handled, or another appropriate metric. Scope 1 GHG emissions are direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the airport, including stationary combustion and fugitive emissions associated with refrigerants, radar, and fire suppressants. Scope 2 GHG emissions are indirect emissions that result from airport direct energy consumption from energy generated off-site (e.g., electricity and steam). GHGs considered under this Activity include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). This Activity includes all scope 1 and scope 2 emissions associated with EC 4 – Terminal Building GHG Emission Reductions, in addition to mobile emissions from airport leased, owned, and/or operated vehicles and equipment, plus all non-terminal emission sources. These sources may include, but are not limited to, runway, taxiway, apron lighting; firefighting training; perimeter lighting; air traffic control towers; emergency facilities; cargo and maintenance hangars; auxiliary power units (APUs), jet bridges, airport operated ground access vehicles (GAV), and ground support equipment (GSE). Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions from spaces operated by airport tenants are encouraged to be included within this activity with the acknowledgement that obtaining required data and influencing reductions are more difficult. 2 Percent reduction of Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emission intensity from a baseline. The emission intensity metric may be one of the following: Number of airport passengers/employees, number of aircraft movements, tonnage of cargo handled, or another appropriate metric. GRI: Environment Indicators EN16-18 STARS: Operations Credit 5: GHG Reductions ISI CR1.1: Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Adapted by ACRP Research Tam Example Supporting Initiatives Prepare an airport-wide GHG emissions inventory that is publicly available Promote purchasing products with low-GWP refrigerants Assess feasibility of including GHG reduction measures in the project design, specifically energy consumption reduction, reuse, or alternatives such as solar energy generation 2 ACRP Report 11: Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories can be used to prepare an airport-specific inventory of greenhouse gas emissions: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_011.pdf. Scope 3 emissions, which are all the other indirect and optionally considered emissions from sources not owned or controlled by the airport, are considered under EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction. Primary Related Activities EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use EC 3 – Renewable Energy Use EC 4 – Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions

E-8 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 6 Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions Purpose Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions focuses on reducing or managing GHG emissions from sources that are not owned or controlled by the airport. Definition Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions is defined as measures and strategies undertaken by the airport to reduce scope 3 GHG emissions, which are GHG emissions from sources outside the airport’s direct control—excluding emissions from purchased energy (e.g., electricity and steam). Examples of scope 3 emissions include employee commuting, passenger vehicle transportation to and from the airport, airport employee business travel, waste disposal, emissions associated with the production and transport of procured materials, emissions from certain airline and tenant activities, and building spaces not owned and controlled by the airport. GHG inventory protocols assume that organizations may have some ability to influence scope 3 emissions even if they are not under direct control of an airport. This Activity does not include scope 1 and 2 emissions from stationary combustion, purchased energy, mobile, or fugitive sources, which are covered in the EC 4 and EC 5 in the Energy & Climate Category. Primary Related Activities EC 4 – Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions TR 4 – Alternative Passenger Transportation TR 5 – Alternative Employee Commute WW 3 – Waste Diversion Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, preferential procurement policies that consider lifecycle emissions, reduced business travel, waste management improvements, and employee single occupancy vehicle (SOV) commute reduction, among others. • GRI: Environment Indicators EN16-18 • STARS: Climate Credits • PANYNJ: Multiple Credits • ACRP Report 11 Example Supporting Initiatives • Establish preferential procurement procedures that consider lifecycle GHG emissions • Provide alternative meeting options to reduce business travel • Improve waste management services for tenants • Provide incentives to reduce employee commute in single occupancy vehicles (SOV)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-9 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EC 7 Climate Change Adaptation Purpose Climate Change Adaptation promotes an airport’s long-term viability by increasing the resiliency of airport operations and infrastructure to climate change impacts. Definition Climate Change Adaptation increases an airport’s resiliency to episodic events and longer term meteorological and environmental shifts, thereby avoiding service interruptions in air service and ground transportation. Depending on the location of the airport, climate change impacts may include changes in temperature, precipitation levels, storm frequency, and storm severity; thawing permafrost; sea level rise; habitat impacts; and changes in wildlife. Performance is evaluated by the degree to which an airport has developed and implemented a plan to assess climate vulnerability and increase resiliency. This Activity includes all infrastructure and assets within the airport site including, but not limited to, terminal and administrative buildings; parking lots and structures; HVAC systems; energy and water provision for buildings; roadways and transportation infrastructure; storm water management systems; airfield and navigational aid infrastructure; runways, taxiways, and aprons; turf areas; wetlands; wildlife areas; and shorelines. Primary Related Activities EC 4 – Terminal Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EC 5 – Overall Airport Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions WW 1 – Potable Water Conservation EP 2 – Airport Financial Viability EP 3 – Risk Management EL 4 – Integrated Sustainability Management NR 1 – Landscape & Grounds NR 2 – Wildlife & Habitat Protection NR 3 – Pervious Surface NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality NR 6 – Heat Island Reduction DM1 – Sustainable Design & Operation Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, vulnerability assessments; updated siting, planning, and design; hardening and protecting critical infrastructure; and adaptive management procedures. • LSAG: Climate Change Adaptation Planning • ISI CR2.1: Assess Climate Threat • Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives • Perform vulnerability assessments of land and buildings within the boundary • Incorporate sustainable development guidelines into existing siting, planning, and design plans • Implement hardening and protection techniques for areas with low shorelines and adaptive management procedures for vulnerable sites

E-10 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Description Performance Metric Sources WW 1 Potable Water Conservation Purpose Potable Water Conservation promotes the efficient use of treated water and the recovery/reuse of wastewater, where feasible, to minimize potable water consumption. Definition Potable water is defined as water suitable for human consumption. Airports can conserve potable water by using other non-treated water sources where appropriate and deploying water conserving practices and equipment. Potable water consumption intensity is defined as total annual airport potable water use per designated unit of output. Efficiency performance is evaluated as a potable water intensity reduction from an airport-determined baseline potable water intensity. This activity covers both airside and landside potable water consumption that occurs airport- wide as part of its operation. This includes potable water consumption associated with, but not limited to: drinking water fountains, faucets, sprayers, concession retail and restaurant cooking, plumbing, showers, toilet flushing, cooling tower evaporation, landscape irrigation, building and vehicle washing, de-icing, fire fighting, and sanitation. The performance metric covers all airport potable water end-uses, including Landscape and Grounds addressed in NR 1. Primary Related Activities NR 1 – Landscape & Grounds NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation Percent reduction of potable water use intensity from a baseline. The intensity indicator can reflect overall potable water consumption divided by indoor square footage, number of airport customers/employees per period, number of aircraft movements per period, or another appropriate metric such as tonnage of cargo handled. The airport should determine which intensity metric best reflects potable water used based on its unique operations. GRI: Environment Indicators EN8-10 CDA SAM: Water Use Reduction STARS: Operations Credit 22: Water Consumption ISI RA3.2: Reduce Potable Water Consumption Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Provide education materials to maintenance staff and building occupants that convey best practices and strategies for water reduction (162) Install high-efficiency products certified by the US EPA WaterSense Program (178) Install metering networks to facilitate accurate measurement of water use (182) WATER & WASTE

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-11 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources WW 2 Waste Reduction Purpose Waste Reduction promotes minimizing the amount of materials that enter the solid waste stream over time. Definition Waste reduction is realized by preventing materials generated throughout all airport operations from entering the solid waste stream through a collective set of airport actions. Performance is evaluated as a reduction in solid waste production from an airport-determined baseline intensity. This Activity is concerned with non-hazardous, municipal solid waste at airports, which includes, but is not limited to, mixed paper and cardboard, food scraps, kitchen grease, metals, glass, plastics, landscape biomass, wooden pallets, tires, appliances, batteries, recordable media, and electronics. The Activity considers all waste sources where the airport is responsible for disposal, including, but not limited to, terminals, administrative offices, airfields, maintenance hangars, cargo hangars, and aircraft flight kitchens (if disposal of deplaned waste is the responsibility of the airport). Handling of construction and demolition, aircraft lavatory, or chemical wastes are covered under activities within the Design & Materials and Human Well-Being Sustainability Categories. The Activity does not include waste with regulated or special disposal requirements, such as international deplaned waste, deicing fluids, or hazardous waste. Primary Related Activities WW 3 – Waste Diversion DM 3 – Construction Waste Diversion HW 4 – Chemicals & Hazardous Materials Percent reduction of solid waste production from an baseline intensity. The intensity metric may be airport produced ton/cubic yard of waste divided by indoor square footage, number of airport passengers/employees per period, number of aircraft movements per period, tonnage of cargo handled per period, or another appropriate metric. The waste production intensity metric includes all non-hazardous, municipal solid waste disposed of through landfilling, incinerating, recycling, composting, selling, and donating. GRI: Environment Indicator EN21 STARS: Operations Credit 17: Waste Reduction Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Separate food waste from normal waste to utilize for composting, biofuels, livestock feed, and other uses off-site (e.g., divert biomass waste to local biomass facility) (637) Provide recycling containers in airport parking lots (674) Contract an electronics reseller service provider to earn revenue for retired computers, monitors and printers

E-12 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources WW 3 Waste Diversion Purpose Waste Diversion optimizes the use of airport materials beyond their first functional lifespan by avoiding landfilling and incineration. Definition Waste diversion is defined as the percent of total annual solid waste redirected from the landfill or incinerator through recycling, reuse, refurbishment, sale, donation, composting, or other means. This Activity is concerned with non-hazardous, municipal solid waste at airports, which includes, but is not limited to, mixed paper and cardboard, food scraps, kitchen grease, metals, glass, plastics, landscape waste, wood, tires, appliances, batteries, recordable media, and electronics. The Activity considers all waste sources where the airport is responsible for disposal, to include, but not limited to, terminals, administrative offices, airfields, maintenance hangars, cargo hangars, and aircraft flight kitchens (if disposal of deplaned waste is the responsibility of the airport). Handling of construction and demolition, aircraft lavatory, or chemical wastes are covered under activities within the Design & Materials and Human Well- Being Sustainability Categories. The Activity does not include waste with regulated or special disposal requirements, such as international deplaned waste, deicing fluids, or hazardous waste. Primary Related Activities WW 2 – Waste Reduction DM 3 – Construction Waste Diversion HW 4 – Chemicals & Hazardous Materials Percent of total solid waste diverted from a landfill or incinerator annually. Alternative disposal methods include recycling, composting, reusing, refurbishing, selling, and donating. STARS Technical Manual: Operation Credit 18: Waste Diversion ISI RA1.5: Divert Waste from Landfills Supported by CDA SAM: Waste Stream Management & LEED Sustainable Sites Example Supporting Initiatives Audit waste streams to determine the waste baseline (639) Provide education training on waste reduction for the involved employees (636) Incentivize concessionaries to minimize packaging (646)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-13 Sustainability Activity Description Performance Metric Sources TR 1 Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy Purpose The Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy Activity promotes fuel savings and all associated benefits via the use of fuel-efficient fleet vehicles. Definition Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy is defined as the annual fuel consumed per mile traveled by all airport fleet vehicles. Performance is evaluated as a percent increase in fuel economy from a baseline. Tracking fuel consumption by vehicle type promotes selecting high usage vehicles with high fuel economy and driving these more efficient vehicles whenever possible. This Activity applies to any landside and airside roadway vehicles leased, owned, and/or operated by the airport including, but not limited to, passenger transit vehicles, taxies, buses, limousines, vans, maintenance trucks, and cargo trucks. Airport ground access vehicles (GAV) are covered. This activity omits the fuel economy of all ground support equipment, fixed rail, emergency response vehicles, snow removal vehicles, and airport-owned aircraft. Primary Related Activities TR 2 – Airside Equipment Fuel Use TR 3 – Alternative Vehicle Fuels Percent increase in fuel economy from a baseline, measured as vehicle miles traveled per gallon of fuel consumed. ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Enforce procurement of motorized vehicles with fuel economies higher than existing values Assess vehicle type and annual mileage when prioritizing vehicles to be replaced Participate in the FAA’s Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Vehicle Program (213) TRANSPORTATION

E-14 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources TR 2 Airside Equipment Energy Use Purpose The Airside Equipment Energy Use Activity promotes efficiency by identifying excessive or unnecessary uses of fuel and electricity consumed by airport airside equipment. Definition Airside Equipment Fuel Use promotes best practices to reduce energy consumption by airside ground support equipment leased, owned, and/or operated by the airport. This equipment includes, but is not limited to, tugs and tractors, container loaders, lifts, transporters, conveyor belt loaders, passenger boarding stairs, air starters, potable water trucks, lavatory service vehicles, catering vehicles, ground power units, refuelers, de-icing vehicles, emergency response vehicles, and snow removal vehicles. Fuel consumption of roadway and passenger vehicles is covered under Activity TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy. Primary Related Activities TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy TR 3 – Alternative Vehicle Fuels EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, vehicle idling, high- efficiency equipment procurement, maintenance and repair schedules, and right-sized vehicle planning, among others. ARCP Research Team GRI – Airport Supplement Example Supporting Initiatives Institute a “No-idling” policy for all motorized vehicles Purchase EPA SmartWay Elite certified vehicles for airport groundside operations Implement maintenance and repair activities to maintain optimal fuel efficiency levels

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-15 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources TR 3 Alternative Vehicle Fuels Purpose The Alternative Vehicle Fuels Activity promotes the use of sustainably sourced energy for airport fleet vehicles and equipment in order to reduce emissions and decrease dependence on fossil fuels. Definition Alternative Vehicles Fuels gauges performance as the percent of total fleet non-conventional energy purchased annually derived from alternative sources (as a portion of total cost, or energy content of fuel/electricity of energy purchased). Alternative Fuels used among airport fleet vehicles or equipment include, but are not limited to, ethanol-gasoline blends, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, propane, other low-/no-carbon fuels, electric energy, and hybrid technology. This Activity applies to airside and landside fleet vehicles and equipment owned, leased, and/or operated by the airport, excluding aircraft. This includes all vehicle and equipment types covered by TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy and TR 2 – Airside Equipment Fuel Use, in addition to fire and rescue equipment and snow removal equipment, as feasible. Primary Related Activities TR 1 – Fleet Vehicle Fuel Economy TR 2 – Airside Equipment Fuel Use Percent of total fleet fuel energy purchased annually derived from alternative sources (as a portion of total cost, or energy content of fuel/electricity purchased. Energy content can be converted to British Thermal Units (BTUs). Purchased fuel/electricity is assumed to be consumed in that same year. Electric vehicle charging requires dedicated metering. LSAG: Support Alternative Fuel Vehicles CDA SAM: Alternative Transportation STARS: Operations Credit 18: Campus Fleet Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Use alternatively fueled and electric Ground Support Equipment and shuttle buses (212) Provide preferred parking incentives for alternative fuel vehicles (218) Install alternative fuel refueling stations (i.e., biodiesel, compressed natural gas, and electric) at the airport for public and private use (224)

E-16 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources TR 4 Alternative Passenger Transportation Purpose Alternative Passenger Transportation promotes the use of high occupancy vehicles and alternative forms of transportation by airport visitors to protect air quality and minimize traffic congestion. Definition This Activity promotes alternative passenger transportation to decrease passenger travel to and from an airport site by conventional fuel, single-occupancy vehicles. This Activity relates to any infrastructure upgrades or organizational policies targeting the increase of Alternative Passenger Transportation. Infrastructure upgrades supporting alternative transportation to, from, and within an airport site include, but are not limited to, parking lots and structures, walkways and roads for non-motorized vehicles, pedestrian amenities, secure/covered bicycle parking, sky trains, high fuel economy priority parking, and electric vehicle charging stations. Policies include Transportation Demand Management (TDM) options including: car-share partnerships, ride- matching programs, and shower access for pedestrians and bicyclists. Alternative employee transportation performance is covered under TR 5 – Alternative Employee Commute. Primary Related Activities EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction TR 5 – Alternative Employee Commute Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, parking incentives and infrastructure for alternative, HOV, low-emitting, and pedestrian forms of passenger transportation. LSAG: Support Alternative Fuel Vehicles CDA SAM: Alternative Transportation STARS: Transportation Credits ISI QL2.5: Alternative Transportation PANYNJ: Site Section IS-16- 21 Example Supporting Initiatives Provide parking incentives for alternative or low- emitting vehicles Install Electric Vehicle charging stations for public use Offer Transportation Demand Management options such as ride matching programs

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-17 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources TR 5 Alternative Employee Commute Purpose The Alternative Employee Commute Activity supports options and incentives that enable employees to get to work faster, at lower cost, while reducing emissions and traffic congestion. Definition Alternative Employee Commute is defined as the movement of airport employees to and from their duty station by means other than a conventional, employee- owned single-occupancy vehicle. Options may include carpools, walking, biking, car-share, public transit, or hybrid and fully electric vehicles. Performance is evaluated as the percent of total full- and part-time employee commutes by means other than a conventional, single-occupancy vehicle. This activity includes all commuters employed at the airport, whether employed by the airport, tenants, concession, or airlines that commute to their duty station on a daily or weekly basis. Airports may adopt Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measures to promote employee alternative commutes. TDM actions can include airport facilities vanpools, ride-matching programs, subsidized transit fares, incentivizing alternative commutes, preferred parking for carpools, and preferred parking for high fuel economy vehicles. Policies, programs, and infrastructure regarding alternative employee commute options will also relate to EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction and HW 7 – Labor Relations. Primary Related Activities EC 6 – Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction TR 4 – Alternative Passenger Transportation HW 7 – Labor Relations Percent of employee alternative commutes verses total commutes by all full and part-time employees. STARS: Operations Credit 16: Employee Commute Modal Split. LEED: Existing Building O&M SSc4: Alternative Commuting Transportation Example Supporting Initiatives Subsidize employees public transportation passes (239) Design easily accessible, covered waiting areas for transit stops and stations at the airport (192) Install safe bicycle lanes and paths for access to and from the airport (198) Provide ride matching services for airport employees Provide guaranteed ride home services for employees with alternative transportation types

E-18 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Description Performance Metric Sources EP 1 Socially Responsible Financial Investment Purpose The Responsible Investment Activity recognizes intentional investment decisions with secondary beneficial sustainability and stewardship contributions beyond the airport. Definition Responsible Investments are defined as financial agreements or contracts considered socially principled, environmentally beneficial, ethical, and/or mission-related. Performance is evaluated as the total monetary value of investment agreements and contracts that include social or environmental performance requirements, or have undergone social or environmental screening, as a percent of total investments. Criteria for responsible investments include, but are not limited to, direct investments in socially responsible investment funds as well as investments that support socially and environmentally ethical practices, that promote the development of new sustainable products and services, that support sustainable industries (e.g., renewable energy, sustainable forestry), and that prioritize businesses that are certified (e.g. ISO 26000 and SA 8000) and/or recognized for exemplary sustainability performance, or contribute to socially responsible investment funds. This activity does not promote airport revenue diversion. Primary Related Activities EP 4 – Regional Economic Contribution Percent of total significant investment agreements and contracts that include social and environmental stipulations or that have undergone social and environmental screening. GRI – Airport Supplement STARS: Investment Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Invest in recognized socially responsible mutual funds or exchange-traded funds ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-19 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EP 2 Airport Financial Viability Purpose Airport Financial Viability promotes efficiencies in capital costs, operation, and maintenance to optimize the financial performance of an airport and to ensure its long-term financial viability. Definition An airport’s financial viability is the ability of an airport to finance its capital needs and to cover its annual cost of operations to meet existing as well as future demand. This activity includes an airport’s operating revenues and expenses, as well as funding capital projects. Non-operating costs such as debt service and depreciation are not included. Commercial service airports are already required to file annual financial reports with the FAA, which are made available for public viewing on FAA’s website. Financial performance influences economic decisions, including an airport’s long-term risks and opportunities. This activity goes beyond reporting and promotes a positive, incremental change in an airport’s financial status. Financial performance measures are used to track all aspects of an airport’s financial performance, including revenues for the airport in total and its various departments and functions. Airline cost per enplanement (CPE), a widely used financial indicator, is the average of what airlines pay per enplanement to the airport for use of the airfield (i.e., landing fees and ramp/apron fees) and terminal space (i.e., space rentals net of any credits and reimbursements, plus gate charges). This activity does not include the economic importance of an airport to surrounding communities and regions. Regional economic impacts are addressed in Activity EP 5 – Regional Economic Contributions. Primary Related Activities EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use EC 2 – Overall Airport Energy Use EP 5 – Regional Economic Contributions Operating cost vs. operational performance unit. For commercial airports performance is measured per enplanement. Cargo airports measure costs per cargo ton; and general aviation airports track change in operating cost over performance period. This metric excludes non-operating costs such as debt service and depreciation. FAA Form 127 ACRP Report 19A Airport Key Performance Indicators: Financial Example Supporting Initiatives Measure the cost difference between reusing materials on- site and the disposal, hauling, and purchasing of new items. Review engineering standards for building systems equipment subject to period maintenance or replacement (air handler motors and belts, pumps and valves, luminaries, switches, etc.) to identify potential durability upgrades that would measurably reduce life cycle maintenance costs.

E-20 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EP 3 Risk Management Purpose The Risk Management Activity promotes airport resilience and continual operating efficiency by optimizing the ability to identify, mitigate, and respond to hazards and crises. Definition Risks are defined as effects of uncertain magnitude and probability that can negatively influence the ability of the airport to sustain air service operations. Risk Management is defined as the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated steps to minimize, monitor, and control the magnitude and probability of risk. Airport risk types include, but are not limited to, economic, financial, health, infrastructural, operational, climate, natural disaster, environmental, political, corruption, crime, and terrorism. Primary Related Activities EC 7 – Climate Chang Adaptation EP 2 – Airport Financial Viability Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, risk assessment procedures and risk management planning for a variety of airport projects and operations, transactional safeguards to minimize corruption, crisis preparedness and response planning, and enhanced risk training, among others. GRI: 1.2 ISI: Climate & Risk ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Develop a comprehensive Risk Management Plan and risk assessment procedures for projects Implement periodic random reviews of contracts and procurement card bills to increase acquisition accountability Conduct enhanced risk identification and management training for employees

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-21 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EP 4 Regional Economic Contributions Purpose Regional Economic Contributions encourages airports to produce beneficial economic impacts for local and regional economies. Definition Regional Economic Contributions is both the quantification and qualification of the direct and indirect economic impacts of an airport that benefit local and regional economies. Economic benefits generally include improvements in economic conditions through increases in business output, gross regional product, property values, wages, or jobs. These measures are indicators of improvement in the economic well- being of residents in a given area. Economic benefits also include state and local tax payments. This activity includes an airport’s net economic impact, including direct and indirect contributions, to its regional economic system. Airports generate direct regional economic benefits through its own business operations, including its workforce (and associated wages) and state and local tax payments. Indirect regional economic benefits include local business support through local (within 500 miles) purchases and procurement, increased connectivity, and encouraging trade and tourism. This activity does not include an airport’s financial performance and long-term prospects. Activity EP 2 – Airport Financial Viability addresses this concern. Primary Related Activities EP 2 – Airport Financial Viability EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement EL 2 – Public Outreach EL 6 – Tenant & Vendor Sustainability Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, assessing the impact of sustainability initiatives; community needs assessment; low-income areas, evaluating benefits and impacts on the region; local jobs and recruiting, payroll disclosure, and economic activity. GRI ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Encourage the use of local vendors/suppliers. Actively work with local community leaders to attract new clean businesses and educational institutions to the community. Provide incentives and/or establish foreign trade zones.

E-22 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Description Performance Metric Sources NR 1 Landscape & Grounds Purpose Landscape and Grounds promotes the sustainable planning, use and maintenance of the airport grounds in order to conserve resources, protect airport infrastructure, and increase resilience to changing environmental conditions. Definition Landscape and Grounds refers to the sustainable operations and management of irrigation systems, vegetation, soil erosion and sedimentation, fertilization, stormwater, precipitation (non-potable water) conservation, and run-off, as they relate to landscape and associated hardscapes features. These features can include, but are not limited to, roadways, turf areas, perimeter fences, courtyards and seating areas, planting beds, berms, trellises, stone or paved pathways, and retaining walls. Actions addressing heat island effect, impervious surfaces, and wildlife hazards or protection are covered under other activities within the Natural Resources Sustainability Category. This Activity is concerned with the maintained grounds on both the airside and landside of an airport, which can include, but is not limited to, roadways; terminals; air traffic control towers; cargo and hangar facilities; maintenance facilities and yards; parking facilities and structures; roadways, medians, and airfield turf adjacent to runways, taxiways, and perimeter fences. Primary Related Activities WW 1 – Potable Water Conservation NR 2 – Wildlife & Habitat Protection NR 3 – Pervious Surfaces NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality NR 5 – Wildlife Hazard Management Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, improved xeriscaping and vegetation selection, run-off and soil assessments, erosion control planning, on-site composting systems, rainwater harvesting, and irrigation efficiency measures, among others. LSAG: Landscape Design, Stormwater Mgmt. LEED: Sustainable Sites CDA SAM: Landscape, Erosion Control STARS: Water Credits ISI NW1.6, NW2.2, NW3.2 PANYNJ: Site Section Example Supporting Initiatives Implement xeriscaping methods throughout the site Develop and maintain a Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control plan Provide or increase quantity of signage for “No-dumping” near drain sites Use native plant species on airport grounds NATURAL RESOURCES

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-23 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources NR 2 Wildlife & Habitat Protection Purpose Wildlife and Habitat Protection promotes the preservation, creation, and restoration of ecologically sensitive lands and biodiversity, particularly species of concern, on airport- owned property, in accordance with FAA standards and guidelines. Definition Wildlife and Habitat Protection is the set of actions optimizing airport plant and animal conditions without jeopardizing human safety. Ecologically sensitive lands include habitat areas, such as upland grassland (mowed and unmowed), upland woodland, wetlands, and waterways. Species of concern include animal species listed as endangered, threatened, or under consideration for official listing under the Endangered Species Act, and state-protected species. This activity addresses all activities at an airport that involve ecologically sensitive areas, such as the operation and maintenance of airport land and airport capital projects. Operation and maintenance of airport land includes stand-alone projects that identify, monitor, and restore ecologically sensitive areas or the broader implementation of an Integrated Vegetation and Pest Management Plan. Airport capital projects, commonly outlined in Airport Capital Improvement Plans, may include siting and construction activities that have the potential to adversely affect ecologically sensitive lands and biodiversity. This activity encourages the innovative and creative implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to avoid the loss, degradation, or conversion of ecologically sensitive areas as well as the loss of biodiversity and individual species of concern. This category does not include the management of wildlife on airport-owned land and in surrounding areas. Activity NR 5 – Wildlife Hazard Management addresses this concern. Primary Related Activities NR 1 – Landscape & Grounds NR 3 – Pervious Surface NR 5 – Wildlife Hazard Management DM 5 – Sustainable Site Selection Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, identifying, monitoring, restoring, and protecting ecologically sensitive areas and endangered species habitat; Integrated Vegetation and Pest Management Plan; mitigating sensitive land off-site. LSAG: Site Protection & Restoration GRI STARS: Wildlife Habitat ISI NW1.1: Preserve Prime Habitat Example Supporting Initiatives Where practical, control invasive species, noxious weeds, and keep vegetation low by using local farm animals such as goats and cattle, or other biological means such as beetles. Partner with local environmental or conservation groups to fund restoration of nearby areas.

E-24 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources NR 3 Pervious Surfaces Purpose Pervious surfaces decrease rainwater runoff and increase groundwater recharge, improving water quality, while reducing soil erosion and sedimentation. Definition Pervious surface is defined as penetrable material, such as soil, sand, stones, porous construction mixes and pavers (concrete, asphalt, brick), and green roofs, which allow water to infiltrate the ground. It is measured as the land surface area covered by these materials, as compared to the entire land area of a site. Emerging technology is increasing the functional applications for constructed porous materials and eventually roads and runways may have viable alternatives to conventional impermeable options. This activity does not address airside run-off management, which is covered under NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality. This Activity is concerned with all airport landside sites covered with pervious surfaces, which include but are not limited to open fields, lawns, flowerbeds, sidewalks, building roofs, parking areas, roadway shoulders, and other paved areas. Primary Related Activities NR 2 – Landscape & Grounds NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality Percent of total airport landside surface area covered by permeable materials. LSAG: Minimize Impervious Surfaces & CDA SAM: Stormwater Management PANYNJ: Site Section IS-7 Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Locate parking areas below the building's footprint (underground) to reduce impervious area (114) Utilize pervious pavement for roadways, shoulders, non-traffic pavements, maintenance roads, utility yards, airside and landside parking facilities (115) Use natural fiber geotextiles (permeable fabrics) that are biodegradable (117)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-25 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources NR 4 Airside Stormwater Quality Purpose The Airside Stormwater Quality Activity recognizes airport outstanding performance to exceed minimum requirements related to water quality while maintaining operational priorities. Definition Airside Stormwater Quality considers the management and pollution prevention of airside stormwater and chemical run-off through best practices that include, but are not limited to, de-icing fluid collection, environmentally preferred runway ice-melt treatments, aircraft cleaning, water filtration, biological treatment, and fuel runoff capture. Performance is expected to go beyond basic pollution prevention required by regulation with regard to stormwater quality and chemical pollution. This Activity applies to all airport airside infrastructure where the capture and treatment of run-off is necessary, and may include runways, taxiways, aprons, roadways, building rooftops, general service areas, and other impervious surfaces. Landside stormwater issues are included in NR 2 – Landscape and Grounds and NR 3 – Pervious Surfaces Primary Related Activities NR 2 – Landscape & Grounds NR 3 – Pervious Surfaces Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, de-icing fluid management, designated de- icing and vehicle washing areas , water filtration systems, biological treatment, and runoff capture, among others. CDA SAM: Stormwater Design, Stormwater Management LSAG: Stormwater Management Example Supporting Initiatives Isolate and collect aircraft de-icing fluid runoff Design and use water filtration systems Train on-site personnel in pollution prevention procedures and provide the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan available at the construction site for review

E-26 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources NR 5 Wildlife Hazard Management Purpose Wildlife Hazard Management encourages the identification and control of wildlife and wildlife habitat on airport-owned property and surrounding areas in compliance with FAA standards. Definition Wildlife Hazard Management is the identification of the number and locations of birds and other wildlife whose presence has the potential to cause strikes with aircraft, and the actions required to track and reduce such strikes. Wildlife commonly associated with aircraft collisions include birds (e.g., vultures, Canada geese), mammals (e.g., white-tailed deer), and reptiles (e.g., eastern box turtle). Wildlife habitat includes natural areas that provide wildlife attractants, such as food sources and water. Wildlife strikes occur in an airport’s approach/departure airspace or air operations area, and may result in damage to aircraft and air traffic delays. Wildlife strikes also pose a serious threat to human safety. This activity includes coordination with the FAA on the development of Wildlife Hazard Assessments and Wildlife Management Plans. These documents help minimize the risks of wildlife strikes through the identification of hazards and the development, implementation, and evaluation of wildlife management techniques. This activity encourages the implementation of innovative and creative wildlife management techniques, which include human manipulation (e.g., habitat modification) and the use of natural deterrents (e.g., predators). This category does not include the preservation, creation, and restoration of wildlife and habitat. Activity NR 2 – Wildlife and Habitat Protection addresses this concern. Primary Related Activities NR 1 – Landscape & Grounds NR 2 – Wildlife & Habitat Protection EP 3 – Risk Management HW 9 – Occupational Health & Safety DM 5 – Sustainable Site Selection Positive trends indicating decreasing total annual number of wildlife strikes per 10,000 aircraft movements. GRI – Airport Supplement Example Supporting Initiatives Avoid the creation of natural open water features on or near airfield sites that attract wildlife. Install Kevlar bird deterrent wires or other mechanisms to prevent waterfowl from using area water bodies.

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-27 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources NR 6 Heat Island Reduction Purpose The Heat Island Reduction Activity encourages sustainable planning and construction of airport structures in order to reduce the heat island effect on and around the airport property. Definition Heat Island Effect describes a localized area that generates higher average temperatures than nearby areas due to heat-absorbing surfaces and materials on buildings, roads, and other infrastructure. Performance is evaluated through best practices that may include installing building, roofing, and paving materials with high reflectance, high albedo (reflecting visible light spectrum energy), high emissivity (emitting infrared spectrum energy); increased vegetative cover; and increased shading. This Activity covers any area within an airport site, including airside and landside that creates higher local temperatures than those on surrounding properties. Common airport site materials with a propensity for higher heat absorption relative to natural ground surfaces include, but are not limited to, building materials, concrete, asphalt, paved roads, parking lots, traffic control towers, terminals, and constructed roofing materials. Primary Related Activities NR 2 – Landscape & Grounds NR 3 – Pervious Surfaces DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation DM 2 – Materials Selection Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, high solar reflectance and high albedo building and paving materials, increased vegetation and green roofing, and increased shade and covering. LSAG: Heat Island Reduction LEED: Heat Island Reduction CDA SAM: Landscape and Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands ISI CR2.5: Manage Heat Island Effects PANYNJ: Site IS-14 Example Supporting Initiatives Prioritize installation of equipment with high solar reflectance or high albedo Install vegetation surfaces on roofing for at least 50 percent of the system area Increase shaded and covered areas for parking lots and paved areas

E-28 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options HUMAN WELL BEING Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 1 Airport Noise Compatibility Purpose Airport Noise Compatibility promotes compatibility between airports and surrounding communities by minimizing noise from aircraft operations and construction activities. Definition Airport Noise Compatibility is defined as airport noise exposure on surrounding communities and the effort to reduce noise exposure on incompatible land uses. Thresholds for noise compatibility around airports have been defined by the FAR Part 150 Airport Noise Compatibility Planning Program. For example, the FAA currently defines Day Night Average Sound Level (DNL) 65 dB as the threshold of noise incompatibility with residential land uses. Airport-related noise is typically a great concern to surrounding communities. It largely derives from aircraft operations, but it can also come from non-aircraft sources, such as airport construction. This activity includes the development of acoustical control measures to reduce aircraft noise levels for nearby affected communities. Through FAR Part 150, the FAA provides financial assistance to airports that develop noise exposure maps and noise compatibility programs. This documentation is submitted to the FAA for review and approval. Financial assistance supports the assessment of noise impacts as well as the implementation of noise-reduction measures. For landside development, including construction-related noise, acoustical controls should be planned for in the early phases of project development. These measures are typically outlined in construction noise abatement plans. This activity also includes noise monitoring, which generally involves the installation of listening stations at sensitive sites and a mechanism to log, track, and respond to community noise complaints. Data acquired through a noise-monitoring program allows an airport to better understand how its aircraft operations are affecting surrounding communities. Primary Related Activities EL 2 – Public Outreach Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, noise exposure mapping, incompatible land use areas, landside planning for non-aircraft noise, construction noise abatement plans, and local area complaint mechanism. Performance metric could be annual number of individuals submitting a noise complaint. LSAG: Noise Pollution Reduction, Exterior Noise & Acoustical Control CDA SAM: Noise Transmission, Construction Noise & Acoustical Quality Example Supporting Initiatives Proactively engage local schools to evaluate and implement noise-reduction programs for school facilities. Conduct a noise modeling study

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-29 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 2 Workplace Air Quality Purpose Workplace Air Quality supports the protection of occupant health, and well- being within all airport workspaces. Definition The Workplace Air Quality Activity considers the monitoring and management of indoor and outdoor workplace air pollutants occurring at the airport site that can impair human health and safety. Common pollutants include, but are not limited to, carbon monoxide, lead, radon, formaldehyde, exhaust, volatile organic compounds, and benzene that derive from paints, coatings, adhesives, sealants, lubricants, pesticides, wood products, carpet, fabric treatments, custodial chemicals, dust, fuels and combustion systems. This Activity applies to all indoor and outdoor airport workspaces with human occupancy, including, but not limited to, terminal and administrative buildings, baggage handling areas, tarmacs, aprons, hangars, parking structures, and maintenance areas. The Activity includes material and chemical use, vehicle and aircraft fueling, in addition to infrastructure upgrades to air handling mechanical systems, ventilation and air ducts, and airflow management systems. Performance is expected to go beyond regulated compliance requirements with regard to indoor and outdoor air quality. Handling of chemicals and hazardous materials at an airport is addressed by Activity HW 4 – Chemical and Hazardous Materials. Primary Related Activities HW 4 – Chemical & Hazardous Materials DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation DM 2 – Material Selection DM 4 – Construction Impact Mitigation Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, achieving ASHRAE standards, complaint mechanisms, air quality studies, and contracting sustainability certified custodial service providers, among others. LSAG: Indoor Environmental Quality LEED: Indoor Environmental Quality CDA SAM: Indoor Environmental Quality STARS: Indoor Air Quality GRI – Airport Supplement AO5 Example Supporting Initiatives Adhere to ASHRAE standards for indoor ventilation efficacy (i.e., air exchange and CO2 concentrations) (445) Create an employee feedback system to communicate any related safety and health concerns Install air quality monitoring stations for outdoor areas such as baggage claim and tarmacs

E-30 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 3 Light Pollution Purpose The Light Pollution Activity promotes the efficient management of illumination at night, thereby reducing resource consumption and improving conditions at nearby residential communities. Definition Light Pollution is defined as excessive, misdirected, or obstructive artificial lighting primarily from exterior outdoor sources, but also within indoor spaces. This Activity considers the management of airport light pollution through design and planning best practices that may include siting and design standards, light level assessments, lighting plans, controls (e.g. motion sensors and timers) and light shielding. This Activity considers artificial lighting from all areas within an airport site that may be considered excessive, misdirected, or obstructive, including, but not limited to, indoor terminal and administrative building lighting, building exterior lighting, roadway and sidewalk lamps, and parking structure lighting. This activity omits navigation and safety lighting critical to airport safety and operations, including runway, taxiway, and apron lighting; approach lighting; perimeter lighting; tower lighting; and spot lights. Performance is expected to go beyond regulated compliance requirements with regard to excessive or obtrusive light sources. Primary Related Activities DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operations DM 5 – Sustainable Site Selection Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, light level assessments, light pollution planning, siting and design considerations, and light shielding, among others. LEED: Light Pollution Reduction CDA SAM: Light Pollution Reduction ISI QL2.3: Minimize Light Pollution PANYNJ: Site IS-15 Example Supporting Initiatives* Develop light shielding techniques on parking structures and roads Conduct light level assessments within the property Adopt light pollution plan, siting and design best practices where possible while maintaining proper illumination Install motion activated parking lot lights *Does not include lighting vital to airport safety

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-31 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 4 Chemicals & Hazardous Materials Purpose Chemicals & Hazardous Materials management ensures the safety and well- being of human health at the airport site while minimizing compliance costs and protecting environmental quality. Definition This Activity considers the proper generation, use, storage, disposal, and transportation of chemicals and hazardous materials through best practices. Common hazardous materials used at an airport are fuels (jet fuel, diesel, gasoline, and liquid propane gas), solvents, lubricants, cleaning agents, paints, compressed gases, peroxides, caustics, pesticides, herbicides, alcohol, deicing and anti-icing fluids, and foams. Chemicals and hazardous materials can also originate from building materials, such as asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls and lead-based paints. This Activity includes chemical and hazardous materials used for activities that include, but are not limited to, aircraft and ground vehicle fueling and maintenance, building cleaning and maintenance, fuel storage, heating and cooling equipment, fire suppression, spills, de-icing, and pest abatement. Where possible, airports should obtain lower hazard alternatives if there are functionally equivalent products available (e.g., citrus based degreasers). This Activity intends to go beyond regulated compliance standards regarding the production, use, storage, transport, and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials. Mitigating the impacts of chemicals and hazardous materials with regard to air quality pollution is covered under Activity HW 2 – Workplace Air Quality. The use of chemicals and hazardous materials with regard to construction and demolition is addressed under Activity DM 2 – Materials Selection. Primary Related Activities DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation DM 5 – Sustainable Site Selection DM 2 – Materials Selection DM 8 – Low-Toxicity Materials Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, chemical storage and labeling protocols, chemical inventories, enhanced employee education, spill protocols, and Environmental Management Systems for tracking and reporting. LSAG: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control LEED: Green Cleaning CDA SAM: Sustainable Sites STARS: Hazardous Waste Example Supporting Initiatives Designate specific areas for chemical storage and enforce protocols for proper labeling Prioritize procurement of low- toxicity cleaning chemicals Create an inventory of all chemicals and hazardous materials used on-site Provide proper training and education to tenants and applicable staff regarding safe handling Include provision in custodial contract that service provider must be Green Seal or ISSA CIMS certified

E-32 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 5 Passenger Experience Purpose Passenger Experience promotes a comfortable and stress-minimizing airport environment for passengers. Definition Passenger experience is defined as the interaction of the passenger with airport facilities and services between the time a customer arrives at and departs from airport-owned property. The activity is focused on elements that the airport directly controls. Passenger experience includes customer comfort, i.e., how a customer feels about the space. This involves healthy indoor environments as well as aesthetic considerations. Healthy indoor environments include natural lighting, ample ventilation, drinking water, clean air (e.g., tobacco smoke control and use of low-emitting materials), and comfortable temperatures. Airport facilities that are aesthetically pleasing and feature a full-range of concession options also enhance the passenger experience. Aesthetic considerations may also include public art displays. This activity also includes the straightforward flow of passengers, either arrivals or departures, through airport facilities. Passengers should be able to navigate airport facilities with ease, which may involve wayfinding. This activity does not include airline passenger experience, which occurs after an aircraft take-off and before landing. This concern is outside the scope of this guidance. This activity also does not include overall passenger safety or facility accessibility by older people and people with disabilities. Activity HW 10 – Universal Design addresses this concern. Primary Related Activities TR 4 – Alternative Passenger Transportation HW 3 – Light Pollution HW 10 – Universal Design EL 5 – Airport User Engagement & Outreach Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, natural lighting, effective signage and maps, satisfaction surveys, concession options, proximity to drinking water, and aesthetic enhancements, among others GRI: Product and Service Labeling LSAG: Social Responsibility LEED: Indoor Environmental Quality CDA SAM: • • • • Indoor Environmental Quality Example Supporting Initiatives Provide areas with varying indoor conditions in terminals, allowing passengers to choose an area with conditions that best match their needs. Develop and implement a • • “ZipBike” or other bike sharing program for employees and passengers to travel between airport facilities.

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-33 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 6 Employee Development Purpose Employee development builds staff capacity through training and educational opportunities. Definition Employee competency is defined as the knowledge, skills, and abilities that an employee applies on the job to improve overall organizational performance. This activity includes elective training and educational opportunities that are provided by an internal airport training team as well as opportunities provided either via third parties on-site, off-site, or on-line. This activity precludes trainings required by law, such as Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) standards. An airport’s investment in employee development has the potential to improve the overall airport performance and increase employee satisfaction. Cross training employees from separate operational units will improve airport-wide collaboration and promote innovative team problem solving. This activity does not include equal opportunity in the workplace or programs to support underrepresented employees. Activity HW 8 – Diversity and Equal Opportunity addresses these concerns. Primary Related Activities HW 7 – Labor Relations HW 8 – Diversity & Equal Opportunity HW 9 – Occupational Health & Safety Percent of airport employees who receive XX or more documented hours of elective training (Internal, External [On-Site], External [Off- site], and On-line) per year by labor category GRI STARS: Human Resources Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives Provide appropriate training for the operations and maintenance of airport facilities and systems. Provide sustainability awareness training for employees, consultants and contractors. Discuss the airport's definition of sustainability, the organization's approach to sustainability, current initiatives, and the airport's desired outcomes. Utilize these forums to capture ideas on how to further improve sustainability performance

E-34 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 7 Labor Relations Purpose Labor Relations promotes the retention of airport personnel through reasonable compensation and benefits, along with their fair treatment. Definition Labor Relations is defined as the constructive interaction between airport management and personnel that establishes mutually agreed upon productivity goals while maintaining a reasonable quality of life for workers. Reasonable compensation includes the provision of fair/living wages. Fair/living wages allow employees to maintain a decent standard of living that meets the basic needs of themselves and their families. Fair/living wages exceed national legislated requirements, such as the minimum wage and worker’s comp. Benefits are compensations an organization provides to its employees that are in addition to normal wages. Benefits include regular contributions (e.g., retirement funding, health insurance) or other forms of support (e.g., daycare, wellness programs, transportation assistance, onsite amenities). Fair treatment of employees includes the incorporation of anti-discrimination and equal opportunity policies. It also includes the open and transparent interaction between airport management and personnel for the purposes of inclusivity and accountability. This activity increases the likelihood of employee retention and minimizes the risk of labor unrest. Employee retention protects the investments an airport has made in the collective knowledge base and skill sets of its employees. Related actions will minimize the possibility of labor unrest, which can take the form of strikes or picketing. Labor unrest can disrupt airport operations and threaten airport security. Fair and responsible compensation also creates an indirect regional economic benefit by increasing money available to spend on the regional economy. Primary Related Activities EP 1 – Socially Responsible Financial Investment HW 6 – Employee Development HW 8 – Diversity & Opportunity HW 9 – Occupational Health & Safety EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement Average percent annual employee retention rate across all labor categories. GRI STARS: Human Resources Example Supporting Initiatives Develop an employee retention and development plan consistent with the overall organizational goals. Develop labor practice indicators consistent with the goals for employee development and maintaining a strong and viable work force. Install a nursing/pumping station

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-35 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 8 Diversity & Equal Opportunity Purpose Diversity and Equal Opportunity encourages a mix of individuals in an airport’s governance and personnel through fair treatment in hiring and remuneration. Definition Diversity refers to the equitable inclusion of individuals in the workplace regardless of race, age, gender, sexual orientation, as well as other human or cultural differences. Equal Opportunity promotes airport management action to optimize human resource decisions and support maximal workforce diversity. This activity includes the establishment and implementation of an airport’s equal opportunity policy. Federal laws prohibiting job discrimination (e.g., Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination Act, etc.) represent the baseline for this activity. The benefits of recruiting and maintaining a diverse workforce include attracting the best and brightest talent and maximizing productivity through improvements in staff capacity, team synergies, and enhanced communications. This activity also includes any airport- sponsored sensitivity training on issues of diversity as well as any mentoring/peer assistance programs designed to support underrepresented employees. Diversity and Equal Opportunity should not be confused with reasonable compensation and benefits and fair treatment for the purposes of employee retention, which is addressed in HW 7 – Labor Relations. Primary Related Activities EP 1 – Socially Responsible Financial Investment HW 6 – Employee Development HW 7 – Labor Relations Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, mentoring, counseling, peer support, affinity programs to support underrepresented employees, equal pay programs, diversity recruitment, partnerships with local/regional workforce development organizations, Performance Measures could include minority employment percentage relative to regional minority employment percentage, among others. GRI STARS: Diversity & Affordability Example Supporting Initiatives Establish airport sustainability internships, stewardships, and/or public education programs (focus on low-income and diverse populations). Promote employee work force retention through: employee training programs; training/recruiting of the local minority workforce; and traditional M/WBE programs, certification and goals.

E-36 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 9 Occupational Health & Safety Purpose Occupational Health & Safety promotes the health, safety, and general well-being of airport employees through the active elimination of workplace hazards. Definition Occupational Health and Safety is defined as the provision of a safe and healthy work environment for airport personnel. Workplace hazards are defined as any source of potential harm or adverse health effect on individuals under occupational conditions. Sources of workplace hazards generally include tasks, conditions, substances and materials, and equipment. Workplace hazards of particular concern to airports include noise exposure and exposure to airborne pollutants or other hazardous substances related to aircraft/airport operations. Other concerns include the operation of machinery by ground crew, handling of baggage by ticket counter and ramp personnel, assisting passengers with special needs by gate crew, the potential transmittal of diseases to flight crew, and typical administrative concerns (e.g., lighting and ventilation). Under the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act of 1970 and the laws and regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), employers are already obligated to provide safe and healthful working environments. In addition, the FAA provides guidance on worker protection specific to the airline industry (14 CFR 139). These standards represent the minimum baseline for this activity, and airports are encouraged to exceed them through innovative and creative practices. This activity includes actions and programs that monitor as well as mitigate such hazards, including the formation of joint management-worker health and safety committees and a mechanism by which health and safety risks can be reported. General benefits of providing a safe and healthy work environment include maintaining or improving productivity levels and reducing costs associated with workers’ compensation, medical visits, conducting accident investigations, and training replacement employees. Percent of total workforce represented in formal joint management–worker health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs: mechanism to alert airport leadership regarding health and safety risks. GRI Example Supporting Initiatives Provide first responder life support training for employees. Install ergonomic workstations Ensure working areas are adequately lighted Develop and communicate alternative routes to the nearest medical facility as part of the organization's overall health and safety program. Include this information in the Airport Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Plan. Conduct safety observations to ensure workers are abiding by the health and safety plan. Primary Related Activities EP 3 – Risk Management HW 2 – Workplace Air Quality HW 3 – Light Pollution HW 4 – Chemicals & Hazardous Materials HE 7 – Labor Relations HW 10 – Universal Design EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-37 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources HW 10 Universal Design Purpose The Universal Design Activity optimizes airport spaces with the well-designed safety and accessibility functionality to optimize customer and employee experiences. Definition Universal Design is defined as the selection and installation of products and built environments that are aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of physical or cognitive ability. This activity includes all airport new construction, expansion, and retrofits associated with spaces or areas designed for human occupancy, including, but not limited to, terminal and administrative buildings, buses, shuttles, trains, parking lots and structures, and roadways. Airports are encouraged to incorporate universal design elements related to lighting and visibility; walking surfaces, doorways, stairs, escalators, restrooms, concession spaces, people movers, and elevators; audio, visual, and written media and signage; and other enhanced safety and accessibility features. This activity is focused on practices that exceed minimum regulatory compliance standards related to safety and accessibility. Primary Related Activities HW 5 – Passenger Experience HW 9 – Occupational Health & Safety DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, universal design elements and passenger/employee safety in new construction and retrofit projects, opportunity assessments for design upgrades, and enhanced safety and accessibility features, among others. LEED for Neighborhood Development: Visitability and Universal Design Greenroads: Access & Equity AE1 Safety Audit ACRP Research TeamExample Supporting Initiatives Incorporate universal design elements and passenger/employee safety in new construction projects Assess all airport areas for opportunities to incorporate universal design related to lighting and visibility; walking surfaces, stairs, escalators, people movers, and elevators; audio, visual, and written media and literature; and other enhanced safety upgrades Conduct road safety audits for all major pedestrian crossings

E-38 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options DESIGN & MATERIALS Sustainability Activity Description Performance Metric Sources DM 1 Sustainable Design & Operation Purpose Sustainable Design and Operation recognizes airport spaces that are intentionally conceived and operated based on integrated sustainability approaches. Definition This Activity considers the design and operation of eligible building spaces that either achieve a third-party verified certification—e.g., LEED, Green Globes, EnvisionTM—or would meet sustainable design, operation, and maintenance guidelines and policies that cover: minimized impacts to the surrounding site, energy consumption, use of environmentally preferable materials, optimized indoor environmental quality, and water conservation. The key success factor is integrating the systemic sustainability considerations with the full planning, design, construction and operation process. Airports may use externally established sustainability design and operation systems or utilize guidelines that they have generated themselves. This Activity covers the sustainable design and operation of spaces to include, but not limited to, terminals, administrative buildings, air traffic control towers, ground transportation areas, cargo and maintenances, and other buildings and spaces intended for human occupancy. Primary Related Activities: DM 2 – Material Selection DM 5 – Sustainable Site Selection DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing WW 1 – Potable Water Conservation EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use HW 2 – Workplace Air Quality Two tier starting with the lower points: 1) Percent of total building space that achieves a self or 2nd party verified sustainable performance guidelines, and 2) Percent of total building space achieving 3rd party verified green certification – e.g., LEED, Green Globes, EnvisionTM, etc. LSAG: Innovation in Planning & Design CDA SAM: LEED Certified Project STARS: Building Operations & Maintenance Example Supporting Initiatives Apply for U.S. Green Building Council LEED Certification for new construction projects or upgrades to existing buildings, as applicable (8) Require a LEED building standard and green operating commitment from non-airport controlled buildings that are on/near the airport, such as hotels and restaurants (18) Involve (require) LEED® Accredited Professionals at all levels of planning and design (46)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-39 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 2 Material Selection Purpose The Material Selection Activity promotes the selection of sustainable products for construction and retrofit projects that reduce waste and conserve production- and-distribution related resources and energy. Definition Sustainable materials are products characterized as containing recycled content, containing bio-based or rapidly renewable content, containing low embodied energy, sustainably harvested, durable, locally sourced, energy-efficient, water efficient, reused, or low toxicity. Materials that have achieved these characteristics through third-party certification or an independent assessment are considered preferable. This activity includes materials used in all airport new construction, expansion, and retrofit projects associated with, but not limited to, terminal and administrative buildings; roadways; parking lots and structures; runways, taxiways, and aprons; cargo and maintenance hangars; and turf areas. This activity does not include materials procured and used for routine airport operational consumption, which are addressed by multiple other activities within the Design & Materials Category. Primary Related Activities DM 6 – Local Sourcing DM 7 – Recycled & Bio-based Content DM 8 – Low-Toxicity Materials DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Percent of total materials (as a portion of total material cost) sourced for any retrofit or expansion project consisting of environmentally preferable construction materials (i.e., recycled content, bio-based content, durable, local, rapidly renewable content, low embodied energy content, energy- efficient, water efficient, green certified, reused on-site). The full activity excerpt would include a list of accepted certifying organizations. Exemplary performance credit can be achieved for percent of total materials (% of total cost) with environmental product declarations. ISI RA1.3: Use Recycled Materials PANYNJ: Material Multiple Credits LEED: Materials & Resources Example Supporting Initiatives Reduce the requirements for preservative-treated wood (742) Develop a plan identifying airport construction components that can utilize reused materials onsite (e.g., runway concrete as fill or secondary surface use) Establish a Forest Stewardship Council certified wood products goal and identify suppliers (737) Track material costs and quantifies for environmentally preferable construction materials

E-40 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 3 Construction Waste Diversion Purpose The Construction Waste Diversion Activity promotes building materials stewardship by diverting waste from the landfill or incinerator. Definition Construction waste diversion is defined as the percent of total annual construction and demolition waste diverted from the landfill or incinerator through recycling, reuse, refurbishment, sale, donation, composting, or other means. This Activity is concerned with waste associated with construction and demolition projects under the responsibility of the airport, or where the airport is responsible for the disposal of the waste. It is defined to include waste associated with land clearing, excavation, and/or the construction, demolition, renovation or repair of structures, roads, and utilities. Both excess new construction materials and the pre-existing replaced building materials are waste sources. This commonly includes concrete, wood, metals, drywall, ceiling tiles, wiring, carpet, plastic, pipe, plumbing fixtures, major kitchen appliances, land-clearing debris, cardboard, and salvaged building components. Handling of other municipal solid or chemical wastes not associated with construction and demolition are covered under activities within the Waste & Water and Human Well-Being Categories. The Activity does not include waste with regulated or special disposal requirements, such as tar-impregnated roofing materials, lamps/switches/thermostats with mercury, or asbestos materials. Primary Related Activities WW 3 – Waste Diversion DM 4 – Construction Impacts Mitigation Percent of total construction & demolition waste diverted from a landfill or incinerator, in tons or cubic yards. STARS: C&D Waste Diversion PANYNJ: Constructi on IC-6 FAA Recycling, Reuse and Waste Reduction at Airports Example Supporting Initiatives Develop and implement a Construction Waste Management Plan (699) Adopt requirement for contractors to track recycling for construction materials Develop an inventory of topsoil for potential re-use (701) Re-use project waste as a resource to another project, which may include concrete, asphalt, land and clearing debris, and building components (703)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-41 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 4 Construction Impacts Mitigation Purpose The Construction Impacts Activity promotes the mitigation of construction and demolition pollution from airport projects by implementing best practices. Definition Construction and demolition pollution is defined as all ground, air, and water pollution and materials waste associated with construction and demolitions projects. This Activity covers stormwater pollution prevention, dust mitigation, indoor air quality protection, construction heavy equipment emissions, erosion and sediment control, waste management, and environmental contamination associated with landside and airside airport construction and demolition projects. Pollution control measures should apply to all projects requiring at least one-half acre of soil disturbance. This Activity omits pollution mitigation practices necessary to meet regulated compliance requirements with regard to construction and demolition. Primary Related Activities DM 3 – Construction Waste Diversion HW2 – Workplace Air Quality NR 1 – Landscapes & Grounds NR 4 – Airside Stormwater Quality Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, construction stormwater and air pollution control planning, inspection and maintenance planning, erosion and sediment control, dust suppression, vehicle washing, and equipment idling, among others. PANYNJ: Construction IC-1 LEED ND – Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Example Supporting Initiatives Prepare a construction stormwater and air pollution plan Create a site inspection procedure to be carried out within 24 hours of a rainfall Comply with State’s discharge general permit requirements Establish and enforce maximum idling time for motorized equipment

E-42 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 5 Sustainable Site Selection Purpose The Sustainable Site Selection Activity promotes the preservation of undeveloped land by prioritizing and making efficient use of existing infrastructure, rehabilitating contaminated sites, and protecting land for future aeronautical use. Definition Sustainable Site Selection is defined as the preliminary assessment prior to project planning, design, and construction to identify suitable sites for development. Site selection should prioritize the use of already developed land, rehabilitating contaminated sites (e.g., brownfields), and maintaining wetlands and wildlife habitat. This activity includes all airport new construction, expansion, and retrofits associated with, but not limited to, terminal and administrative buildings; roadways; parking lots and structures; runways, taxiways, and aprons; cargo and maintenance hangars; and turf areas. Primary Related Activities NR 1 – Landscape & Grounds NR 2 – Wildlife & Habitat Protection Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, siting assessments and mapping, siting action plans, rehabilitation and use of contaminated sites, and wetland maintenance, among others. PANYNJ: Site Multiple Credits Example Supporting Initiatives Perform a site assessment Build on previously developed sites, or one close to existing infrastructure (553) Maximize use of contaminated or Brownfield sites to reduce pressure on undeveloped land (563) Develop a balanced earthwork plan and retain the maximal excavated earth on-site (700)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-43 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 6 Local Sourcing Purpose The Local Sourcing Activity optimizes the economic impact and efficiency of procuring goods and services from local businesses. Definition Local Sourcing is defined as prioritizing the acquisition of products, materials, and services from businesses located within a certain distance from the airport. Performance is evaluated as a percent of annual procurement contracts that include stipulations prioritizing local sourcing. This activity covers goods and services procured directly by the airport, including, but not limited to, office supplies, cleaning supplies, electronics, food, fuel, electricity, landscaping materials, plants, and repair and technical services. This activity omits electrical, mechanical, and plumbing equipment, as the most efficient equipment should be utilized regardless of transportation distance. Materials purchased locally for construction are addressed under DM 2- Materials Selection. Primary Related Activities DM 2 – Material Selection DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing EC 2 – Renewable Energy Use Percent of annual procurement contracts that include stipulations prioritizing the acquisition of products, materials, and services from businesses located within a certain distance from the airport. • STARS: Operations Credit 6: Purchasing • ISI RA1.4: Use Regional Materials • PANYNJ: Material Section: IM-2 • GRI – EC 6 Locally- based Suppliers • Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives • Purchase reused office furniture from local organizations (551) • Establish a management goal for the minimum percentage of local/regional materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a certain distance from the airport (725) • Allow longer lead times for local companies to supply regional materials (729) • Prioritize the use of the following locally/regionally available materials: concrete, asphalt, structural steel, masonry, post-industrial recycled gypsum wallboard, storm system concrete pipes of all sizes, manholes and handholes, electrical duct banks, cable, gas and water piping, rail tracks, rail ties, rail ballast, landscape material and seed (724)

E-44 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 7 Recycled & Bio-based Content Purpose The Recycled & Bio-based Content Activity reduces the demand for virgin resources by promoting recycled or renewable materials. Definition Recycled content is defined as the portion of materials used in a product that was diverted from a waste stream and would have constituted virgin materials. Recycled material can be either post-industrial (production generated) or post-consumer (discarded after intended usage). Bio- based Content products are defined as any product, other than food, with a portion composed of biological products, sustainably-harvested forestry materials, or agricultural sourced materials, which includes plant, animal, and microbial materials. Performance is evaluated by the percent of applicable products and materials purchased made at least partially from recycled or bio-based content, as a portion of total cost. Applicable products used at an airport include, but are not limited to, office supplies, paper and paper products, carpet, office furniture, toner cartridges, utensils and serving ware, plastics, lubricants, road/runway ice-melt applications, recycled de-icing glycol, landscaping products, and packaging materials. Fuels, electricity, and other forms of purchased energy derived from renewable or bio-based materials are covered under Activity EC 3 – Renewable Energy Use and TR 3 – Alternative Vehicle Fuels. Sustainable purchase decisions regarding construction and building retrofits are covered under Activity DM 2 – Material Selection. Primary Related Activities DM 2 – Material Selection DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Percent of applicable products and materials purchased made at least partially from recycled or bio-based content, as a portion of total annual (or project) cost. Excludes fuels and electricity. Higher points may be available for sustainability harvested/generated products (e.g., Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified paper). • GRI: Environment Indicator EN2 • CDA SAM: Recycled Content • LSAG: Recycled Content • STARS: Purchasing • ISI RA1.3: Use Recycled Materials • PANYNJ: Material Section IM-1 • Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives • Develop acquisitions policy for furniture and building fixtures with high recycled material content • Use bio-based transformer fluids; these fluids can also improve equipment efficiency (718) • Provide a fact sheet to designers that includes available recycled content materials and the organization’s target for each material (723) • Establish project goals for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal (714)

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-45 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 8 Low-Toxicity Materials Purpose The Low-Toxicity Materials Activity prioritizes the use of low-toxicity products to decrease exposure to harmful pollutants and optimize water and air quality. Definition Low-Toxicity Materials are defined as certifiable alternatives to chemicals that may be considered odorous, irritating, and harmful to humans. Performance is evaluated by the percent of applicable products and materials purchased that are certified as low toxicity (e.g., EPEAT or Green Seal certified), as a portion of total cost. This Activity applies to all materials purchased and utilized by an airport, and applicable materials include, but are not limited to, paint, office furniture, carpets, wood products, fluorescent lamps, lubricants, solvents, cleaners, herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, and deicing fluids. This Activity excludes fuel products. Mitigating the impacts of toxic materials with regard to air quality pollution is covered under Activity HW 2 – Workplace Air Quality. The use of low-toxicity materials with regard to construction and demolition is addressed under Activity DM 2 – Materials Selection. Primary Related Activities HW 2 – Workplace Air Quality HW 4 – Chemical & Hazardous Materials DM 2 – Material Selection DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Percent of applicable products and materials purchased that are 3rd party certified as low toxicity, (e.g., EPEAT or Green Seal) as a portion of total annual (or project) cost. • LSAG: Low- Emitting Materials • STARS: Multiple Credits • PANYNJ: Part 2: Material Section IM-6 • Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives • Review maintenance and janitorial programs to eliminate toxic agents in favor of more environmentally friendly choices (539) • Avoid installing vinyl flooring with high polyvinyl chloride (PVC) content (464)

E-46 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources DM 9 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Purpose Environmentally Preferable Purchasing promotes the creation of markets for products that take into consideration resource conservation and human and environmental well-being. Definition Environmentally Preferable Purchasing considers management and procurement policies and programs that prioritize products or services with certified environmental attributes. These attributes include, but are not limited to, low- toxicity, durability, energy-efficient, water efficient, low embodied energy, bio-based content, recycled content, and non- ozone-depleting, in addition to price, performance, and availability. This Activity applies to airport-wide policies for purchasing products and services for daily airport operations and construction projects, including, but not limited to, office and administrative operations, new construction and retrofits, building maintenance and custodial services, electronic equipment and appliances, vehicle maintenance, food services, and landscaping. Primary Related Activities DM 1 – Material Selection DM 7 – Recycled & Bio-based Content DM 8 – Low-Toxicity Materials DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, procurement requirements, product certification, contract tracking, and employee training, among others. • GRI: Product Responsibility • LEED: Material & Resources • LSAG: Materials & Resources • STARS: Purchasing: Multiple Credits • ISI RA1.2: Sustainable Procurement Example Supporting Initiatives • Establish procurement requirements for energy- efficient, water-efficient, bio- based, recycled content, low- toxicity, and non-ozone- depleting products and services • Develop a list of prioritized/preferred high durability materials • Design a sustainable purchasing program covering select items available at a lower cost per unit

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-47 ENGAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 1 Airport-wide Stakeholder Engagement Purpose Stakeholder Engagement enables any internal entity with a vested interest in airport development or operations to contribute to airport improvements. Definition Stakeholder Engagement is defined as the process through which an airport acquires useful input from internal persons or groups that are affected by airport activities. Stakeholders include representation from an airport’s various departments and committees/commissions, including directors and support staff. They also include an airport’s tenants and their employees. Regulatory agencies, such as the Federal Aviation Administration, can also be stakeholders under certain conditions. This activity includes the formation and maintenance of partnerships that encourage open participation from a broad set of interests. Collaboration within these partnerships represents an opportunity to collect valuable input that can generate innovative contributions to overall airport performance as well as avoid potential conflicts or pitfalls. In the long-term, this activity is about sustaining constructive internal relationships to ensure future airport viability. In a project setting, this activity encourages early engagement with stakeholders and the maintenance of such engagement throughout the lifetime of a project. This activity does not include external outreach programs that include the open exchange of information between airports and the communities in which they operate. This concern is addressed under Activity EL 2 – Public Outreach. Employee communication is also covered by Activity HW7 – Labor Relations. Primary Related Activities HW 7 – Labor Relations EL 2 – Public Outreach EL 3 – Community Service EL 5 – Airport User Engagement & Outreach EL 6 – Tenant & Vendor Sustainability Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, formal partnerships and standing committees with internal stakeholders. • STARS: Public Engagement • PANYNJ: Site IS-1 • LSAG: Sustainability Planning and Progress Meetings • CDA SAM: Planning Example Supporting Initiatives • Develop an internal communication plan to report on sustainability performance. • Hold regular meetings with established standing committees.

E-48 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 2 Public Outreach Purpose Public Outreach promotes the open and transparent exchange of information between airports and the communities in which it operates to acquire and maintain community support. Definition Public outreach is a proactive process in which an airport engages in two- way communications with surrounding communities and regions. Community support is imperative to the long-term viability of an airport, as community opposition to airport development and/or operations can result in project delays or cancelations, unanticipated costs, and/or litigation. This activity includes educational initiatives through which an airport disseminates information to the public on its development and operations as well as a forum that provides for public feedback. Direct communication with the public allows an airport to avoid miscommunication. A result of this collaborative process is the mutual understanding and trust between an airport and surrounding communities and regions. This process balances the needs of the airport with the interests of the public. This activity does not include engaging stakeholders through the formation of partnerships or standing committees related to the development of specific projects or overall airport operations. This concern is addressed under Activity EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement. Primary Related Activities EP 1 – Socially Responsible Financial Investment EP 4 – Regional Economic Contributions HW 1 – Airport Noise Compatibility EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement EL 3 – Community Stewardship EL 5 – Airport User Engagement & Outreach Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, community outreach and informational programs. • STARS: Public Engagement Example Supporting Initiatives • Host a meeting or panel discussion during airport projects as an opportunity for questions and education about a project (separate from the required public hearing). • Develop/use airport and local municipality websites to detail current and anticipated sustainability practices and provide an opportunity for community input.

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-49 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 3 Community Stewardship Purpose Community Stewardship fosters good will through airport-sponsored community support programs and the provision of services to local populations where such services are needed. Definition Community Stewardship is defined as leadership through dedication and contribution to the development, encouragement, and preservation of a community. This activity includes the formation and implementation of community support programs that address the needs and deficits as well as support the strengths and assets of the communities and regions in which airports operate. The good will generated from such programs would help to strengthen the relationship between airports and surrounding communities and regions. This activity does not include local economic impacts of job creation and other forms of economic development. This concern is addressed under Activity EP 4 - Regional Economic Contributions. Primary Related Activities EP 1 – Socially Responsible Financial Investment EP 4 – Regional Economic Contributions HW 8 – Diversity & Equal Opportunity EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement EL 2 – Public Outreach Percent of airport employees that partake in 1 or more airport-sponsored community service projects or events per year; Tracking total hours of community service relative to total workforce hours. • STARS: Community Service • Adapted by ACRP Research Team Example Supporting Initiatives • Encourage the use of local vendors/suppliers. • Actively work with local community leaders to attract new clean businesses and educational institutions to the community.

E-50 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 4 Integrated Sustainability Management Purpose Integrated Sustainability Management promotes the institutionalization of sustainability throughout all airport functions. Definition Integrated Sustainability Management is defined as the integration of sustainability principles and practices into airport governance, including individual project development. Airport governance is the decision-making processes that contribute to the management, operation, and development of an airport. This activity includes incorporating sustainability (e.g., waste, water, energy) into an airport’s planning documents, such as an airport master plan. Such documents establish an airport’s priorities and influence financial forecasting and decision-making. At the project level, this activity encourages consideration of sustainability at the earliest stages of project planning and design and throughout its life cycle. It also encourages an integrated team approach, which includes broad participation by professionals in various disciplines as well as all applicable stakeholders. The benefits of these actions include maximizing the use of resources, including natural resources and human capital. This activity also includes methods by which an airport can track sustainability performance, whether it is through an environmental management system (EMS) or some other mechanism. This includes tracking individual contributions to ensure that sustainability is implemented within an individual’s own functions and duties. Primary Related Activities DM 1 – Sustainable Design & Operation DM 9 – Environmentally Preferable Purchasing EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement EL 2 – Public Outreach EL 5 – Airport User Engagement & Outreach EL 6 – Tenant & Vendor Sustainability Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, integrating all sustainability plans (waste, water, energy, etc.) into airport Master Plan, incorporating sustainability into planning procedures and general reporting, appointing a Sustainability Coordinator, formal public reporting of sustainability, including sustainability metrics within EMS tools, and establishing a series of sustainability guidelines across airport functions. • STARS: Coordination & Planning, • PANYNJ: Site IS-1 • LSAG: Sustainability Planning and Progress Meetings • CDA SAM: Planning Example Supporting Initiatives • Establish and follow a process for tying sustainability goals and objectives into the operations and maintenance and capital improvement program budget process; this helps ensure that life cycle costs, impacts on other divisions, and specific sustainability goals for projects are addressed. • Require regular sustainability progress reports during design for construction projects (quarterly or at project conception (PDD), 30%, 60%, 90%, and 100% milestones). • Establish a sustainability liaison to the airport sponsor (for all design, construction, operations, maintenance, tenants).

Sustainability Activity Definitions and Performance Metrics E-51 Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 5 Airport User Engagement & Outreach Purpose Airport User Engagement and Outreach encourages the promotion of an airport’s sustainability initiatives to provide airport users with an understanding of the initiatives as well as the overall concept of sustainability. Definition Airport User Engagement and Outreach is defined as the communication, marketing, and education of an airport’s sustainability initiatives to its users. Airport users are defined as airline passengers, pilots/crew, and any other individuals or groups utilizing airport facilities. This activity includes the dissemination of information pertaining to airport sustainability activities by an airport to its users. Such actions increase awareness of airport development and operations, and the decision-making that was involved. This activity can be demonstrated through physical means (e.g., educational installations in the terminal) or through on-line engagement (e.g., the airport’s website, social media). This activity presents airport users with the means to support sustainability initiatives at the airport as well as emulate them in their own homes and in their communities. Primary Related Activities HW 5 – Passenger Experience EL 2 – Public Outreach Performance is evaluated and points are awarded based on the number of performance actions pursued that address, for example, communication, marketing, and education campaigns for sustainability at the airport, at home, and in the community. • GRI • LSAG: Community Education • STARS Example Supporting Initiatives • Create an interactive multimedia display (i.e. video, website, etc.) that would engage and educate visitors about the sustainable aspects of completed projects or airport operations. • Showcase the airport as a demonstration and commercialization launch pad for alternative energy technologies and products through marketing and press relations

E-52 Prototype Airport Sustainability Rating System—Characteristics, Viability, and Implementation Options Sustainability Activity Definition Performance Metric Sources EL 6 Tenant and Vendor Sustainability Purpose Vendor and Concession Engagement promotes the integration of airport sustainability principles and practices into tenant and vendor operations. Definition Tenant and Vendor Sustainability is defined as the adoption of airport- supported sustainability principles and practices by airport tenants and vendors. Tenants include airlines, fixed-based operators, and concessionaires. Vendors include any entity from which an airport procures goods or services. This activity includes the determination of minimum expectations of performance thresholds pertaining to social and environmental concerns, and encouraging adoption of those standards by airport tenants and vendors. Adoption may be suggested or may be required as part of tenant/vendor contracts. In an effort to establish a common understanding of sustainability and how it should be incorporated throughout all airport functions, airports are encouraged to provide guidance to its tenants and vendors (e.g., sustainability guidelines or informational meetings). Airports can foster a culture of sustainability by establishing working groups, providing public recognition for tenant elective actions, or providing incentives. Primary Related Activities EC 1 – Terminal Building Energy Use WW 1 – Potable Water Conservation WW 2 – Waste Reduction WW 3 – Waste Diversion EP 1 – Socially Responsible Financial Investment EL 1 – Airport-Wide Stakeholder Engagement Percent of vendor, concession, and tenant contracts that include clauses that address sustainability, social, and/or environmental concerns. • GRI Example Supporting Initiatives • Require that all developers, contractors, and tenants establish a corporate sustainability policy. • Grant concessions to tenants that have the lowest average fleet emissions.