Integrated Noise Model Accuracy for General Aviation Aircraft (2014)

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3 GA Aircraft Types Selected for Evaluation Introduction 3.1 To begin the analysis of INM modeling accuracy of GA aircraft, Task 2 developed two comprehensive lists, one of GA jets and one of propeller aircraft for initial evaluation. This section describes the method used to develop the comprehensive lists. Sources Used for Operations and Noise Data 3.2 The operations data we used to develop the lists consist of 84 days of GA operations from the FAA’s Enhanced Traffic Management System Counts (ETMSC) website10. The sample comprises seven days of data from each of the 12 months spanning July of 2010 through June of 2011. Each record in the data provides the type of aircraft by FAA designator11, the origin and destination airport, and the dates and hours of the departure and arrival. The noise level for each jet arrival and departure was derived from the aircraft noise certification data in Appendix 1 of FAA Advisory Circular 36-1H12. In cases where the FAA data did not contain noise levels for a particular designator found in the ETMSC data, the analysis utilized noise levels from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Type-Certificate Data Sheets for Noise (TCDSN)13. For propeller aircraft, certification data are not available and estimated A-weighted takeoff and approach noise levels were used from FAA Advisory Circular 36-3H. Note that this means that the noise contributions from jet and propeller aircraft are not directly comparable. Determination of Noise Contribution 3.3 The jet aircraft operations dataset consisted of 1,587, 230 operations (793,615 unique departure and arrival pairs). Of those, approximately 536,000 operations were flown by jet-powered aircraft not on FAA’s air carrier aircraft list14 and considered to be GA jets, occurred at a US airport, and were matched to available noise certification data. For each of 60 aircraft types remaining in the data sample, a number representing their current relative noise contribution across the country was computed. The propeller dataset provided an estimated 952,163 operations by some 551 aircraft types. We chose the 50 types with the highest number of operations for computations of relative noise contributions. For the noise contributions we used the following formula: )10*10log(*10 ) 10 () 10 ( aAdD wL Arrivals wL Departures NNNoise ++ +∗= Where, for jet aircraft: 2/)]()[( tmeasurementakeoffionCertificattmeasuremensidelineionCertificatLD += tmeasuremenapproachionCertificatLA = 10 Downloaded from https://aspm.faa.gov/etms/sys/Default.asp, August 17, 2011. 11 FAA Order JO 7340.2B CHG 3 Ch. 5 Section 1 12 Downloaded from http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/noise_emissions/aircraft_noise_levels/, July 12, 2011. 13 Jet Aeroplane Issue 12 downloaded from http://easa.europa.eu/certification/type-certificates/noise.php, July 12, 2011. 14 FAA Order JO 7210.3W. 16

For propeller aircraft: levelnoisetakeoffweightedALD −= levelnoiseapproachweightedALA −= And for both aircraft types: 10, =ad ww when the operation occurs between 10 PM and 7 AM, else 0 The representative jet departure noise level was computed as the average of the certification sideline and takeoff (EASA “flyover”) positions. Previous analyses have shown this value to be more consistent with the relative contribution of measured departure noise levels. Note that this averaging is consistent with the quota points systems used by the UK’s Department for Transport to limit nighttime noise exposure at the three major London airports and as well as similar systems at Brussels Airport and Madrid-Barajas Airport. The noise levels are weighted using the same ten decibel nighttime penalty as utilized in the Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL). For jet aircraft, where more than one certification result is available, the median value is used in the calculations. Selected GA Aircraft 3.4 Table 1 lists the jet aircraft identified using the above criteria of percent of total national annual operations and contribution to total GA jet aircraft sound energy. Note, particularly, column 5. It gives the INM aircraft type that we used for modeling. Types that include an asterisk are “substitutions” – not originally developed for the actual aircraft type. A few aircraft designators show two INM types that were used for modeling. There are several possible methods by which the specific INM type is selected. The data we receive in the associated flight plan may give the aircraft’s N (tail) number, in which case the specific aircraft type is found through the FAA registry of N numbers. If there was no N number, and there is more than one possible INM type, then the INM type is assigned randomly in a way that all such assignments will equal the national distribution of the two (or more) possible types. Table 2 provides similar information for propeller aircraft. 17

Table 1 List of GA jet aircraft for evaluation 1 Designator 2 Associated Aircraft Types 3 % Noise Contribution 4 % of Ops in 84 Day Sample 5 INM Type Used H25B BAe-125-700/800; Hawker 750, 800, 800XP, 900XP 17% 7% LEAR35* BE40 Beechjet/Hawker 400 7% 6% MU3001* FA50 Dassault Falcon 50, Mystère 50 5% 2% F10062* C560 Cessna 560 Citation 5/5 Ultra/5 Ultra Encore 5% 6% CNA560U CNA560E GLF4 Gulfstream Aerospace G-1159C Gulfstream 4/4SP/SRA-4 5% 6% GIV C56X Cessna 560XL Citation Excel 4% 5% CNA560XL LJ45 Learjet 45 4% 4% LEAR35* C550 Cessna 550, S550, 552 Citation 2/S2/Bravo 4% 6% CNA500 CNA55B C525 Cessna 525 Citation Jet, Citation CJ1 3% 5% CNA525C C650 Cessna 650 Citation 3/6/7 3% 2% CIT3 F2TH Dassault Falcon 2000 3% 3% CL600* CL60 Canadair CL-600 Challenger 600/601/604 2% 4% CL600 CL601 LJ35 Learjet 35, 36 2% 2% LEAR35 F900 Dassault Falcon 900, Mystère 900 2% 3% F10062 GLF5 Gulfstream Aerospace G-1159D Gulfstream 5 2% 3% GV LJ31 Learjet 31 2% 2% LEAR35* PRM1 Hawker Premier 1, 390 1% 2% LEAR35* C750 Cessna 750 Citation 10 1% 3% CNA750* GALX IAI 1126 Galaxy, Gulfstream 200 1% 1% CL600* C25A Cessna 525A Citation CJ2 1% 2% CNA525C* CL30 Bombardier BD-100 Challenger 300 1% 2% CL601* C680 Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign 1% 2% CNA680 ASTR IAI 1125 Astra, Gulfstream 100 1% 1% IA1125 G150 Gulfstream Aerospace Gulfstream G150 1% 1% IA1125* C25B Cessna 525B Citation CJ3 1% 2% CNA525C LJ60 Learjet 60 1% 2% CNA55B* C501 Cessna 501 Citation 1SP 0% 1% CNA500* C510 Cessna 510 Citation Mustang 0% 2% CNA510 EA50 Eclipse 500 0% 1% ECLIPSE 500 Notes: *Indicates an INM standard substitution. Two types, column 5, indicate HMMH INM modeling used two, see text. 18

Table 2 List of GA propeller aircraft for evaluation 1 Designator 2 Associated Aircraft Types 3 % Noise Contribution 4 % of Ops in Sample 5 INM Type BE20 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 200, 1300 Super King Air, Commuter 23% 7% DHC6* BE9L Hawker Beechcraft Corp 90, A90 to E90 King Air 11% 5% CNA441* SR22 Cirrus SR-22 7% 6% N/A B350 Hawker Beechcraft Corp B300 Super King Air 350 5% 3% N/A BE58 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 58 Baron 5% 4% BEC58P PA31 Piper PA-31/31P Navajo, Navajo Chieftain, Chieftain, Pressurized Navajo, Mojave, T-1020 4% 2% PA31 BE36 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 36 Bonanza (piston) 3% 5% N/A BE30 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 300 Super King Air 3% 1% DHC6* C421 Cessna 421, Golden Eagle, Executive Commuter 2% 2% BEC58P* C182 Cessna 182, Skylane 2% 5% CNA182 BE55 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 55 Baron 2% 2% BEC58P* C310 Cessna 310, T310 2% 2% BEC58P* C414 Cessna 414, Chancellor 2% 2% BEC58P* C208 Cessna 208 Caravan 1, (Super) Cargomaster, Grand Caravan 2% 1% CNA208 C441 Cessna 441 Conquest, Conquest 2 2% 1% CNA441 C210 Cessna 210, T210, (Turbo) Centurion 2% 3% CNA206* PA32 Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six, Six, Saratoga, Turbo Saratoga 2% 3% GASEPV* C172 Cessna 172, P172, R172, Skyhawk, Hawk XP, Cutlass 2% 9% CNA172 BE35 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 35 Bonanza 1% 2% GASEPV* C340 Cessna 340 1% 1% BEC58P* PA34 Piper PA-34 Seneca 1% 1% BEC58P* PA46 Piper PA-46-310P/350P Malibu, Malibu Mirage 1% 2% GASEPV* SR20 Cirrus SR-20 1% 1% N/A PA44 Piper PA-44 Seminole, Turbo Seminole 1% 1% BEC58P* BE33 Hawker Beechcraft Corp 33 Debonair, Bonanza 1% 1% GASEPV* C206 Cessna 206, P206, T206, TP206, U206, TU206, (Turbo) Super Skywagon, (Turbo) Super Skylane, (Turbo) Skywagon 206, (Turbo) Stationair, (Turbo) Stationair 6 1% 1% CNA206 P28B Piper PA-28-201T/235/236 1% 2% GASEPV* 19

1 Designator 2 Associated Aircraft Types 3 % Noise Contribution 4 % of Ops in Sample 5 INM Type Cherokee, Cherokee Charger/Pathfinder, Dakota, Turbo Dakota M20P Mooney M-20, M- 20A/B/C/D/E/F/G/J/L/R/S, Mark 21, Allegro, Eagle, Ranger, Master, Super 21, Chaparral, Executive, Statesman, Ovation, 201, 205, ATS, MSE, PFM (non- turbocharged engine) 1% 3% GASEPV* P32R Piper PA-32R Cherokee Lance, Lance, Saratoga SP/2 HP/2TC, Turbo Saratoga SP 1% 1% GASEPV* P28A Piper PA-28- 140/150/151/160/161/180/181 Archer, Cadet, Cherokee, Cherokee Archer/Challenger/Chief/Cruiser/ Flite Liner/Warrior, Warrior 0% 3% PA28 GASEPF* PA30 Piper PA-30/39 Twin Comanche, Twin Comanche CR, Turbo Twin Comanche 0% 0% PA30 P46T Piper PA-46T-500TP Malibu Meridian N/A 2% N/A Notes: *Indicates an INM standard substitution. 20