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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2014. Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22406.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

NAT IONAL COOPERAT IVE H IGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP SYNTHESIS 457 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2014 www.TRB.org Research Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in Cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration SubScriber categorieS Design • Highways Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software A Synthesis of Highway Practice conSultantS Linda M. Pierce Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. Santa Fe, New Mexico and Ginger McGovern Consultant Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP SYNTHESIS 457 Project 20-05, Topic 44-06 ISSN 0547-5570 ISBN 978-0-309-27121-9 Library of Congress Control No. 2013955099 © 2014 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. NOTE: The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol- ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni- cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad- emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisci- plinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transporta- tion, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

TOPIC PANEL 44-06 JUDITH B. CORLEY-LAY, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh JAY GOLDBAUM, Colorado DOT, Denver AMIR N. HANNA, Transportation Research Board LUKE A. JOHANNECK, Minnesota DOT, Maplewood STEPHEN F. MAHER, Transportation Research Board TOMMY E. NANTUNG, Indiana DOT, West Lafayette CHARLES SCHWARTZ, University of Maryland, College Park RHONDA TAYLOR, Florida DOT, Tallahassee Y. JANE JIANG, Federal Highway Administration (Liaison) CHRISTOPHER WAGNER, Federal Highway Administration (Liaison) VICKI SCHOFIELD, AASHTO (Liaison) SYNTHESIS STUDIES STAFF STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Special Programs JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and Synthesis Studies JO ALLEN GAUSE, Senior Program Officer GAIL R. STABA, Senior Program Officer DONNA L. VLASAK, Senior Program Officer TANYA M. ZWAHLEN, Consultant DON TIPPMAN, Senior Editor CHERYL KEITH, Senior Program Assistant DEMISHA WILLIAMS, Senior Program Assistant DEBBIE IRVIN, Program Associate COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative Research Programs CHRISTOPHER HEDGES, Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program NANDA SRINIVASAN, Senior Program Officer EILEEN P. DELANEY, Director of Publications NCHRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT 20-05 CHAIR CATHERINE NELSON, Salem, Oregon MEMBERS KATHLEEN S. AMES, Springfield, Illinois STUART D. ANDERSON, Texas A&M University BRIAN A. BLANCHARD, Florida DOT CYNTHIA J. BURBANK, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. LISA FREESE, Scott County (MN) Community Services Division MALCOLM T. KERLEY, Virginia DOT (retired) RICHARD D. LAND, California DOT JOHN M. MASON, JR., Auburn University ROGER C. OLSON, Minnesota DOT ROBERT L. SACK, New York State DOT FRANCINE SHAW-WHITSON, Federal Highway Administration LARRY VELASQUEZ, JAVEL Engineering, Inc. FHWA LIAISONS JACK JERNIGAN MARY LYNN TISCHER TRB LIAISON STEPHEN F. MAHER Cover figure: South Carolina Interstate 85. (Credit: South Carolina Department of Transportation.)

FOREWORD Highway administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem. There is information on nearly every subject of concern to highway administrators and engi- neers. Much of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful information and to make it available to the entire highway community, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials—through the mechanism of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program—authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continuing study. This study, NCHRP Project 20-5, “Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems,” searches out and synthesizes useful knowledge from all available sources and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this endeavor constitute an NCHRP report series, Synthesis of Highway Practice. This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format, without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems. In 2008, AASHTO published the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Manual of Practice (MEPDG) and released the first version of the accompanying software program, AASHTOWare Pavement ME DesignTM (formerly DARWin-ME) in 2011. The MEPDG and accompanying software are based on mechanistic-empirical (ME) prin- ciples and are a significant departure from the previous empirically based AASHTO pavement design procedures. This synthesis documents the experience of transportation agencies in the implementation of the MEPDG and the software. Information used in this study was gathered through a literature review and a survey of state departments of transportation and Canadian provincial transportation agencies. Follow-up interviews with selected agencies provided additional information. Linda M. Pierce, Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Ginger McGovern, Consultant, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, collected and synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are acknowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that records the practices that were acceptable with the limitations of the knowledge available at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice continues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand. PREFACE By Jo Allen Gause Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board

CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background, 3 Study Objective, 3 Methodology, 3 Report Structure, 4 5 CHAPTER TWO MECHANISTIC-EMPIRICAL PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE AND AASHTOWare PAVEMENT ME DESIGNTM SOFTWARE OVERVIEW Introduction, 5 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, A Manual of Practice, 5 Guide for the Local Calibration of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, 7 AASHTOWare Pavement ME DesignTM, 9 Training and Workshops, 10 12 CHAPTER THREE SURVEY OF AGENCY PAVEMENT DESIGN PRACTICES Introduction, 12 Agency Pavement Types, 12 Agency Pavement Design Methods, 15 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Implementation Status, 15 Current and Expected Use of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, 17 Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Champions, 17 Agency Structure, 18 Implementation Challenges, 18 Input Levels, 18 Local Calibration, 19 Activities to Aid Implementation, 23 Challenges and Lessons Learned, 23 26 CHAPTER FOUR COMMON ELEMENTS OF AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Introduction, 26 Common Elements, 26 29 CHAPTER FIVE CASE EXAMPLES OF AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION Introduction, 29 Indiana Department of Transportation, 29 Missouri Department of Transportation, 34 Oregon Department of Transportation, 37 Summary, 39

42 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS Overall Findings, 42 Lessons Learned, 43 Activities to Aid Implementation, 44 45 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 46 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIRE 57 APPENDIX B RESPONSES TO QUESTIONNAIRE Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 457: Implementation of the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide and Software documents the experience of transportation agencies in the implementation of the 2008 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Manual of Practice (MEPDG) and the 2011 software program, AASHTOWare Pavement ME DesignTM (formerly DARWin-ME).

The MEPDG and accompanying software are based on mechanistic-empirical (ME) principles and are a significant departure from the previous empirically based AASHTO pavement design procedures.

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