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A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 94 TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2013 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation ⢠Operations and Traffic Management ⢠Security and Emergencies Integrating Web-Based Emergency Management Collaboration Tools into Airport Operationsâ A Primer IEM Research Triangle Park, NC i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h SMIth-WoolWInE ASSocIAtES Inc. Floyd, VA KIM KEnvIllE conSultIng Grand Forks, ND nEWton And ASSocIAtES, Inc. Charlotte, NC KIMlEy-horn And ASSocIAtES, Inc. Cary, NC
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter national commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative nearÂterm solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100ÂCentury of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council InternationalÂNorth America (ACIÂNA), the American Associa tion of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended endÂusers of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airportÂindustry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 94 Project 04Â12 ISSN 1935Â9802 ISBN 978Â0Â309Â28363Â2 Library of Congress Control Number 2013952826 © 2013 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and notÂforÂprofit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and notÂforÂprofit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.nationalÂacademies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academyâs purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under ACRP Project 04Â12, âIntegrating WebÂBased Emergency Management Collaboration Tools (WBEMCTs) into Airport Operations.â IEM was the con tractor for this study along with SmithÂWoolwine Associates Inc., Kim Kenville Consulting, Newton and Associates, Inc., and KimleyÂHorn and Associates, Inc., as subcontractors. Norbert âChicoâ Madera of IEM served as the Principal Investigator. Donald W. Griffith of IEM was the Project Manager. Other key authors of this report include Dr. James F. Smith of SmithÂWoolwine Associ ates, Inc.; Dr. Kim Kenville of Kim Kenville Consulting; Frank Newton III and Chris Garnett of Newton & Associates, Inc.; and John S. Kinney of KimleyÂHorn and Associates, Inc. The research team would like to express its gratitude to the members of the project panel for their support and insightful comments throughout this research project. The team would also like to thank the many airport directors, county and state emergency management representatives, and federal agency representatives who took the time to share their insights, experience, and opinions and to respond to followÂup queries. Additionally, numerous software vendors shared the best features of their systems: their inputs were vital in identifying system capabilities and best practices within this document. Finally, the team thanks the groups that participated in the case studies. This includes airport representa tives Byron Harriger III, Emergency Planning Manager, Pittsburgh International Airport; Richard Wilson, Allegheny County Airport Director; Alan Black, Department of Public Safety, Dallas/Fort Worth Interna tional Airport; Tim OâKrongley, Assistant Aviation Director, San Antonio Airport; and Terry Sharpe, Opera tions Manager, El Paso International Airport. Software vendors who graciously took time to talk with us included Nancy Kensy of Buffalo Computer GraphicsâDisasterLAN; Norbert Butler of NC4âE Team/ EÂSponder Express; Bill Dunlap, Knowledge Center; Grant Schlosser, MissionMode; John Merlo of Alert TechnologiesâOpsCenter; Yohai West of Nice SystemsâSituator; and Kim Frierson of ESiâWebEOC. CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 94 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Theresia H. Schatz, Senior Program Officer Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Scott E. Hitchcock, Editor ACRP PROJECT 04-12 PANEL Field of Safety Kori M. Nobel, Port of Portland, Portland, OR (Chair) Kristina L. Dores, TranSecure/ICAO Civil Aviation Advisor, San Diego, CA Royce Holden, Greater Asheville Regional Airport Authority, Fletcher, NC Augustus L. Hudson, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, GA John M. Payne, Pueblo Technology Group, Inc., San Francisco, CA Michael R. Scott, Reno-Tahoe Airport Authority, Reno, NV Marc Tonnacliff, FAA Liaison Matthew J. Griffin, Airports Council InternationalâNorth America Liaison Thomas Palmerlee, TRB Liaison
ACRP Report 94: Integrating Web-Based Emergency Management Collaboration Tools into Airport OperationsâA Primer provides information for use by operations, public safety and security, and information technology staff at airports of all sizes to evaluate and implement webÂbased collaboration tools that provide a common operating picture for both dayÂto day operations and full emergency response management. The primer provides a better understanding of the functions of webÂbased emergency management systems and aids airports in establishing requirements, procuring and installing systems, and implementing training. Various inÂhouse and commercial offÂtheÂshelf software and webÂbased collaboration, communication and control systems are being utilized as emergency management tools by municipalities and airports. There are a variety of tools used to coordinate between onÂscene commanders and emergency operations centers for needed resources. While these webÂbased collaboration tools have proven useful in emergency management, they may also have applicability at airports for other nonÂroutine activities/operations, such as weather events, diversions, and security incidents. As airport communications and emer gency response becomes more sophisticated and the use of technology increases, guidelines are needed to help airports evaluate the benefits and costs of implementing or expanding existing webÂbased communications and controls systems. This research helps airports and municipalities integrate webÂbased collaboration tools into their dayÂtoÂday and emergency management operations, identify the features and functions appropriate for their unique needs, and implement an effective webÂbased collaboration tool. This research was conducted under ACRP Project 04Â12 by Innovative Emergency Man agement, Inc. in association with SmithÂWoolwine Associates Inc., Kim Kenville Consulting, Newton and Associates, Inc., and KimleyÂHorn and Associates, Inc. As part of the research, the research team interviewed 47 airport operators and representatives of state, county, and city emergency management organizations; conducted several case studies at airports; and provided a sampling of different webÂbased emergency management collaboration tools. Additional Source material is contained in the contractorâs final report, which provides background on the research conducted in support of the primer, and has been posted on the ACRP Project 04Â12 web page that can be found by searching the TRB website (www. trb.org) for ACRP Report 94. F O R E W O R D By Theresia H. Schatz Staff Officer Transportation Research Board
1 Summary 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1 Overview of WBEMCTs 4 Definition of a WBEMCT 4 Types of WBEMCTs 5 WBEMCT Features and Capabilities 5 Status Board 6 Dashboard 7 Common Operating Picture 9 Record Keeping 9 The Role of WBEMCTs in Communication and Collaboration Both on and off the Airport 10 Using WBEMCTs at Pittsburgh International and Allegheny County Airports: A Case Study 13 Chapter 2 Areas of Consideration Prior to the Acquisition and Utilization of a WBEMCT 13 Communication with Internal and External Stakeholders 13 Internal Stakeholders (Within the Airport) 14 External Stakeholders (Outside the Airport) 14 Cost (Initial, Maintenance/Upgrades, Ongoing Operational Costs) 15 Current Systems and Integration 17 System Security 19 Staffing 19 Training 20 Chapter 3 How to Fund a WBEMCT 20 Airport Capital Purchase 20 Airport Improvement Program 20 U.S. Department of Homeland Security Grant Funding 22 Acquiring a System or the Rights to a System Under a Regional Entity (City or County) 23 Chapter 4 Creating a Successful WBEMCT 23 Operational Requirements for WBEMCT Implementation 23 Schematics 25 System Security and Concerns 28 Chapter 5 WBEMCT Best Practices 28 Best Practice Recommendations for DayÂtoÂDay Operations 28 Available Training 28 Sample Exercises C O N T E N T S
30 Chapter 6 Developing a Successful WBEMCT 30 Criteria for Choosing a WBEMCT 31 Core Capabilities 31 Level 1 Enhanced Features 31 Level 2 Enhanced Features 32 Lessons Learned 32 What to Do 32 What Not to Do 32 Reliability and Accuracy of Shared Data 33 Conclusions 34 Appendix A Requirements Matrix 40 Appendix B A Sampling of WBEMCTs 40 CommandCore 40 DisasterLAN 41 E Team, EÂSponder Express, EÂSponder Alerts, and NC4 Risk Center 41 Knowledge Center 42 MissionMode Alert and Situation Center 42 OpsCenter 42 Response Management Information System 43 Situator 43 Virtual Agility 43 WebEOC 45 Appendix C Glossary of Acronyms Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
