Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports (2013)

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A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 88 TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2013 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports Frank Barich Justin Phy David Jividen Marc Gartenfeld Barich, inc. Chandler, AZ Rose Agnew aviation innovation, LLc St. Louis, MO Ryan Meyers Mead & hunt, inc. Madison, WI Clark Cofer c and M consuLtants, LLc Huntsville, AL

AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans­ portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter­ national commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon­ sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera­ tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near­term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon­ sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera­ tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro­ gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte­ nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera­ tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100­Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International­North America (ACI­NA), the American Associa­ tion of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga­ nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon­ sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden­ tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro­ fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre­ pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper­ ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end­users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work­ shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport­industry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 88 Project 04­11 ISSN 1935­9802 ISBN 978­0­309­25912­5 Library of Congress Control Number 2013938640 © 2013 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not­for­profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not­for­profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national­academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 88 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Marci A. Greenberger, Senior Program Officer Joseph Brown-Snell, Program Associate Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Hilary Freer, Senior Editor ACRP PROJECT 04-11 PANEL Field of Safety Ian A. Redhead, Kansas City International Airport, Kansas City, MO (Chair) Steve Cahill, Rhode Island Airport Corporation, Warwick, RI Elizabeth A. Hendel, Phoenix Fire Department, Phoenix, AZ Jeannette Hilaire-Stoufer, Denver International Airport, Denver, CO Viji Prasad, Los Angeles World Airports, Los Angeles, CA Michael Stever, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT Chris Oswald, Airports Council International–North America Liaison Thomas Palmerlee, TRB Liaison

ACRP Report 88: Guidebook on Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports consists of a guidebook and a CD with worksheets to help airports identify needs and assess current capabilities with respect to using geographical information systems (GIS) in emer- gency management (EM). The information collected in the worksheets provided become the backbone of a GIS-EM integration plan. A PowerPoint presentation (available on the TRB website by searching for ACRP Report 88) outlines the benefits of integrating GIS into EM and can be used when presenting those benefits to stakeholders. The guidebook begins by discussing and defining GIS and emergency management and providing relevant terminology. Then the guidebook provides a roadmap for airports to move from their current state of GIS implementation (whether they have any form of GIS or not) to the point of integrating into emergency management and coordinating with mutual aid partners. Airports that follow the guidebook and complete the worksheets will have developed their own GIS-EM implementation plan. Case studies of airports that have integrated GIS into EM are provided on the CD as well as key lessons learned throughout the guidebook. The guidance concludes with a checklist of how to maintain and keep the plan relevant and current. Appendix B focuses on the best practices learned throughout the research. This is an interesting look at the different appli- cations in which GIS can be used in specific EM situations. GIS has been traditionally used to support planning, infrastructure development and management activities, but it has not been associated with emergency management func- tions. Emergency management consists of prevention, preparation, response, mitigation, and recovery and at airports it usually involves different agencies. Because of the involve- ment of different agencies and the airports’ community mutual aid partners, different pub- lic safety technologies are utilized including incident management software and web pro- grams, two-way radio communications, building information management (BIM) systems, and fire and life safety systems. GIS can be a productive tool to enhance airport emergency management and the research from ACRP Project 04-11, conducted by Barich, Inc., demonstrates how. Integrating GIS into emergency management requires the collaboration of not only the different stakehold- ers within an airport organization but also the community mutual aid partners. The level of sophistication of any party (the airport or community mutual aid partners) with GIS will also be a guiding force for the direction implementation ultimately goes. This guidance will help airports navigate the complexities of implementing GIS into an airport’s emergency management plan and response. F O R E W O R D By Marci A. Greenberger Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research discussed in this report was performed under ACRP Project 04­11, “Integrating GIS in Emergency Management at Airports,” by a research team of recognized experts in airport operations and technology solutions. Barich, Inc., was the primary research consultant. Frank Barich, president of Barich, Inc., was the principal investigator and Justin Phy, vice president at Barich, Inc., was the project admin­ istrator. The other authors were David Jividen and Marc Gartenfeld, project researchers at Barich, Inc.; Ryan Meyers, GIS expert at Mead & Hunt, Inc.; Rose Agnew, principal at Aviation Innovation, LLC; and Clark Cofer, principal at C and M Consultants, LLC. Providing final graphics was David Van Akkeren, DaSaR Productions. The research team would like to express its gratitude to the members of the project panel for their insightful comments and input throughout this research project. The research team would also like to thank the following entities that provided key contributions through case studies and interviews, for which the research team is very grateful: • Airports: Atlanta International Airport; Boston Logan International Airport; Denver International Air­ port; McCarran International Airport; Memphis International Airport; Nashville International Airport; Los Angeles International Airport; Philadelphia International Airport; Phoenix Sky Harbor Air­ port, City of Phoenix Aviation Department; Portland International Airport/Port of Portland; Salt Lake City International Airport; San Antonio International Airport; San Francisco International Airport; and Seattle­Tacoma International Airport/Port of Seattle. • Emergency Management Providers: City of Chandler, Arizona—Fire Department; City of Denver, Colorado—Fire Department; City of Huntsville, Alabama—Police Department; City of Lawton, Oklahoma—Fire Department; City of Phoenix, Arizona—Fire Department, Police Department, Air­ port Bureau and Bomb Squad; City of San Antonio, Texas—Fire and Police Departments; Lexington County, South Carolina—Public Safety/Emergency Management Services; and Wisconsin Emergency Management. • Technology Vendors: ESRI; Team Eagle, Ltd.; and Woolpert, Inc. • Non­Airport Entities: Amtrak; City of Lawton, Oklahoma; City of Phoenix, Arizona; and City of San Antonio, Texas. In addition, the research team extends its gratitude to the following organizations and associations that provided a platform and exposure for the project and the research topic: AAAE (American Association of Airport Executives); ACI­NA (Airport Council International—North America); FAA (Federal Aviation Administration); and WESTDOG (Western Airport Disaster Operations Group).

1 Summary P A R T I Overview 7 Chapter 1 Introduction 7 Purpose 7 Research Approach 8 Intended Audience of the Guidebook 8 How to Use the Guidebook 8 Roadmap 9 Tools 9 Icons 11 Chapter 2 Clarification of GIS and EM Definitions 11 GIS 11 GIS Technology 11 Emergency Management 12 Emergency Management Technology P A R T I I How to Start and Manage a GIS-EM Integration Initiative at an Airport 17 Chapter 3 Vision 18 Research and Review 21 High­Level Need 22 Establish EM Operations Objectives 22 Assess Organization 24 Identify Leadership and Stakeholders 28 Chapter 4 Resources 29 Current GIS Environment 29 Current Emergency Management Environment 31 Current GIS­EM Integrations 32 Assess Staff 32 Identify Cost Items 36 Chapter 5 Launch 37 Leadership and Stakeholder Buy­In 39 Develop Emergency Management Requirements 39 GIS Deep Dive 46 Develop GIS­EM Integration Requirements C O N T E N T S

48 Chapter 6 Develop and Implement 49 Prioritization 49 Develop Solution 49 Implementation 51 Chapter 7 Progress and Enhance 52 Sustain System 52 Acknowledge Accomplishments 52 Refine and Enhance P A R T I I I Model GIS–EM Integration Plan P A R T I V Appendices Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.