Data Supporting the Impact of Regulatory Compliance Costs on Small Airports, Volume 2: Technical Appendixes to ACRP Report 90 (2013)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Note: The appendixes published herein are the appendixes to ACRP Report 90. Readers can read or purchase ACRP Report 90 at http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/168945.aspx. TECHNICAL APPENDIX 1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... TA‐1 A. Overview.......................................................................................................................... TA-1 B. Research Approach to Document Regulatory/Compliance Requirements ....................... TA-2 B.1 FAA/DOT Requirements .............................................................................................. TA-2 B.2 Environmental Requirements ............................................................................................... TA-4 B.3 Security Requirements ................................................................................................... TA-4 B.4 Occupational Safety and Health Requirements ............................................................. TA-5 C. Research Approach to Document Published Cost Estimates ............................................. TA-5 D. Airport Outreach ..................................................................................................................... TA-7 D.1 Airport Surveys .............................................................................................................. TA-7 D.2 Telephone Interviews ........................................................................................................... TA-8 E. Case Studies ............................................................................................................................ TA-9 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 2. ANALYSIS OF FAA/DOT REQUIREMENTS ................................ TA‐10 A. Overview of Requirements .............................................................................................. TA-10 A.1 FAA Requirements ....................................................................................................... TA-10 A.2 DOT Requirements ....................................................................................................... TA-13 B. Published Cost Information ............................................................................................. TA-13 B.1 FAA Requirements ............................................................................................................. TA-13 B.2 DOT Requirements ...................................................................................................... TA-14 C. Analysis of Requirements ................................................................................................ TA-14 C.1 Airfield Design, Standards and Operations .................................................................. TA-14 C.2 Part 139 Certification Requirements ............................................................................ TA-21 C.3 Vehicles in Aircraft Operations Areas ......................................................................... TA-28 C.4 PFC Requirements .............................................................................................................. TA-31 C.5 DBE Requirements ............................................................................................................. TA-34 C.6 AIP Administrative Requirements ............................................................................... TA-38 D. Funding Sources .................................................................................................................... TA-41 D.1 Overview of Potential Funding Sources ....................................................................... TA-42 D.2 Potential Funding Sources for FAA and DOT Requirements ....................................... TA-42 D.3 Use of Financial Assistance .......................................................................................... TA-44 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 3. ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ................. TA‐55 A. Overview of Requirements .............................................................................................. TA-55 - TA-i -

B. Published Cost Information .............................................................................................. TA-56 C. Analysis of General Environmental Requirements ........................................................... TA-57 C.1 Summary of Phase 1 Results .......................................................................................... TA-57 C.2 Air Quality – General Conformity Requirements .......................................................... TA-60 C.3 Air Quality – Hazardous Air Pollutant Requirements ................................................... TA-62 C-3 Planning and Development – Emergency Planning and Response Requirements ...............TA-64 C.4 Planning and Development – All Appropriate Inquiries Requirements .............................. TA-66 C.5 Waste Management – Hazardous Waste Requirements ................................................ TA-68 C.6 Waste Management – Recordkeeping Requirements ..................................................... TA-72 C.7 Water Resources – Drinking Water Requirements ........................................................ TA-72 C.8 Water Resources – Above-Ground Oil Storage and the SPCC Rule Changes ............. TA-75 C.9 Water Resources – Pesticide Applicator Permit Requirements .................................... TA-79 C.10 Water Resources – Construction Storm Water Requirements ..................................... TA-81 D. Analysis of FAA Environmental Requirements ............................................................... TA-84 D.1 NEPA Requirements ...................................................................................................... TA-84 D.2 Sensitive Areas and Wildlife .......................................................................................... TA-89 D.3 Noise Compatibility Requirements (Including Land Acquisition) ................................ TA-90 Other FAA and DOT Environmental Requirements ............................................................ TA-92 E. Funding Sources .................................................................................................................... TA-93 E.1 Potential Funding Sources .............................................................................................. TA-93 E.2 Use of Financial Assistance ............................................................................................ TA-94 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 4. ANALYSIS OF SECURITY REQUIREMENTS ................................ TA‐98 A. Transition from FAA to Transportation Security Administration Responsibility ............ TA-98 B. Overview of Requirements ............................................................................................. TA-101 C. Published Cost Information ............................................................................................ TA-102 D. Analysis of Survey Results ............................................................................................. TA-102 D.1 Security Equipment and Access Control Systems ....................................................... TA-102 D.2 Screening Requirements .............................................................................................. TA-104 E. Funding Sources ...................................................................................................................TA-107 E.1 Potential Funding Sources for Security Requirements ................................................. TA-108 E.2 Use of Financial Assistance .......................................................................................... TA-109 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 5. ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... TA‐111 A. Background ..........................................................................................................................TA-111 A.1 Federal Occupational Safety and Health Jurisdiction .................................................. TA-111 A.2 State and Local Agency Jurisdiction ............................................................................ TA-113 A.3 OSHA Requirements and the Application to Airports ................................................. TA-113 - TA-ii -

B. Published Cost Information ............................................................................................ TA-114 C. Phase 1 Survey Results and Evaluation .......................................................................... TA-114 D. Phase 2 Survey Results and Evaluation, Compliance Costs ........................................... TA-116 E. Funding Sources ...................................................................................................................TA-118 E.1 Potential Funding Sources For OSHA Requirements ................................................. TA-118 E.2 Use of Financial Assistance ......................................................................................... TA-119 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 6. ESTIMATES OF INDUSTRY COSTS ............................................ TA‐120 A. Methodology .................................................................................................................. TA-120 B. Industry Cost Impacts of FAA/DOT Requirements ....................................................... TA-121 B.1 Airfield Design, Standards and Operations Requirements .......................................... TA-121 B.2 Part 139 Certification Requirements ........................................................................... TA-123 B.3 Vehicles in Aircraft Operations Areas ........................................................................ TA-124 B.4 PFC Requirements.............................................................................................................TA-125 B.5 DBE Requirements ............................................................................................................TA-126 B.6 Miscellaneous FAA Administrative Requirements ..................................................... TA-127 C. Industry Cost Impacts of General Environmental Requirements ................................... TA-128 C.1 Air Quality – General Conformity Amendments ........................................................ TA-128 C.2 Air Quality – Hazardous Air Pollution Requirements ................................................ TA-129 C.3 Planning and Development – Emergency Planning and Response Requirements .... TA-130 C.4 Planning and Development – All Appropriate Inquiries (ESA) Requirements .................. TA-130 C.5 Waste Management – Hazardous Waste Requirements .............................................. TA-131 C.6 Water Resources – Drinking Water Requirements ..................................................... TA-132 C.7 Water Resources –SPCC Rules ................................................................................... TA-132 C.8 Water Resources – Pesticide Applicator Permit Requirements .................................. TA-133 C.9 Water Resources – Construction Storm Water Requirements .................................... TA-134 D. Industry Cost Impacts of FAA/DOT Environmental Requirements .............................. TA-135 D.1 NEPA Requirements ................................................................................................... TA-135 D.2 Sensitive Areas and Wildlife ....................................................................................... TA-136 D.3 Noise Compatibility Requirements ............................................................................. TA-137 D.4 Industrial Waste Handling Requirements ................................................................... TA-137 E. Industry Cost Impacts for Security Requirements .......................................................... TA-138 E.1 Access Control and Security Equipment ..................................................................... TA-138 E.2 Screening Facilities and Equipment ............................................................................ TA-139 F. Industry Cost Impacts of OSHA Requirements .............................................................. TA-139 F.1 Typical Programs Generating OSHA Costs ................................................................ TA-139 F.2 Use of Staff and Contractors for OSHA Related Activities ........................................ TA-140 - TA-iii -

LIST OF FIGURES Figure TA-1. Airports Affected by Changes to FAA Requirements for Airport Design, Standards and Operations .......................................................................................................... TA-16 Figure TA-2. Newly Certificated Airports Affected by Part 139 Amendments ........................ TA-23 Figure TA-3. Existing Certificate Holders Affected by Part 139 Amendments ........................ TA-24 Figure TA-4. Airports Affected by Modifications to Policies on Vehicle Operations in Aircraft Operation Areas .................................................................................................................. TA-29 Figure TA-5. Airports Affected by Changes to PFC Requirements .......................................... TA-33 Figure TA-6. Airports Affected by DBE Rule Changes ............................................................ TA-36 Figure TA-7. Airports Impacted by Various FAA Administrative Requirements .................... TA-39 Figure TA-8. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Perimeter Fencing Requirements ......... TA-45 Figure TA-9. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Fencing Requirements ......................... TA-46 Figure TA-10. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Runway Protection (RPZ and RSA) Requirements .................................................................................................................................... TA-46 Figure TA-11. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Costs of RPZ Requirements............................. TA-47 Figure TA-12. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Airfield Signage Requirements ......... TA-47 Figure TA-13. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Airfield Signage Requirements ...................... TA-48 Figure TA-14. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Part 139 Requirements, Existing Part 139 Airports ....................................................................................................................... TA-49 Figure TA-15. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Part 139 Requirements, Existing part 139 Airports ........................................................................................................................ TA-49 Figure TA-16. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Cost of Requirements for Vehicle Access .......... TA-50 Figure TA-17. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Cost of Compliance With Requirements for Vehicle Operations ........................................................................................................................... TA-51 Figure TA-18. AIP Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Consultant Selection and GIS Requirements .................................................................................................................................... TA-52 Figure TA-19. PFC Funding Levels for Initial Costs of Consultant Selection and GIS Reporting Requirements .................................................................................................................................... TA-52 Figure TA-20. Funding Sources for Recurring Costs of Requirements for Vehicle Operations ........................................................................................................................... TA-54 Figure TA-21. Airport Operator Participation in Environmentally-Regulated Airport Activities.............................................................................................................................. TA-58 Figure TA-22. Airport Participation in Preparing Environmental Plans and Documents .......... TA-59 Figure TA-23. Airports Applying For or Holding Environmental Permits, Certifications or Registrations ..................................................................................................................................... TA-59 Figure TA-24. Airports Affected by Changes to Noise Compatibility Requirements ............... TA-91 Figure TA-25. Third Party Funding of NEPA Documents ........................................................ TA-96 Figure TA-26. AIP Funding Levels for Noise Compatibility Requirements ............................. TA-97 - TA-iv -

Figure TA-27. PFC Funding Levels for Noise Compatibility Requirements .............................. TA-97 Figure TA-28. Airports Installing Security Equipment or Access Control Systems ................. TA-103 Figure TA-29. Airports Executing Passenger or Baggage Screening and CBP Projects ........... TA-105 Figure TA-30. Lost Revenue From TSA Screening Space ........................................................ TA-107 Figure TA-31. TSA Funding Levels for Baggage and Passenger Screening Projects ............... TA-109 Figure TA-32. “Other Source” Funding Sources for Baggage and Passenger Screening Projects ............................................................................................................................ TA-110 Figure TA-33. Airports Reporting Programs Generating OSHA Costs .................................... TA-115 Figure TA-34. Use of Airport Staff and Contractors for OSHA Regulated Activities .............. TA-116 - TA-v -

LIST OF TABLES Table TA-1. Airfield Design, Standards and Operations Requirements, Initial Costs ............ TA-19 Table TA-2. Airfield Design, Standards and Operations Requirements, Recurring Costs ...... TA-20 Table TA-3. Impact of Part 139 Amendments on Newly Certificated Airports, Initial Costs . TA-25 Table TA-4. Impact of Part 139 Amendments on Newly Certificated Airports, Recurring Costs .............................................................................................................................................. TA-26 Table TA-5. Impact of Part 139 Amendments on Existing Certificated Airports, Initial Costs ................................................................................................................................... TA-27 Table TA-6. Impact of Part 139 Amendments on Existing Certificated Airports, Recurring Costs ............................................................................................................................. TA-28 Table TA-7. Modifications to Policies on Vehicle Operations in Aircraft Operations Area, Initial Costs ................................................................................................................................... TA-30 Table TA-8. Modifications to Policies on Vehicle Operations in Aircraft Operations Area, Recurring Costs ............................................................................................................................. TA-31 Table TA-9. Costs Incurred by Airports Affected by Changes to PFC Requirements ............ TA-34 Table TA-10. Airports Affected by DBE Rule Changes, Initial Costs .................................... TA-37 Table TA-11. Airports Affected by DBE Rule Changes, Recurring Costs ............................. TA-37 Table TA-12. Miscellaneous FAA Administrative Requirements, Initial Costs ..................... TA-40 Table TA-13. Miscellaneous FAA Administrative Requirements, Recurring Costs ............... TA-41 Table TA-14. Reported Costs for Air Emissions Inventories .................................................. TA-62 Table TA-15. Reported Costs for ASTs and USTs .................................................................. TA-64 Table TA-16. Reported Costs for Tier I/Tier II Reports .......................................................... TA-66 Table TA-17. Reported Costs for Documents Related to the All Appropriate Inquiries Amendments (Environmental Site Assessments) .......................................................................................... TA-67 Table TA-18. Reported Costs for Activities and Documents Related to Waste Management .................................................................................................................................. TA-71 Table TA-19. Reported Costs for Drinking Water Suppliers .................................................. TA-74 Table TA-20. Reported Costs for Activities and Documents Related to SPCC Amendments ........................................................................................................................... TA-78 Table TA-21. Reported Costs for Documents Related to Pesticide General Permit ............... TA-80 Table TA-22. Reported Costs for Documents Related to Construction Storm Water Amendments ................................................................................................................................................. TA-83 Table TA-23. Reported Costs for NEPA Related Documents ................................................. TA-87 Table TA-24. Reported Costs for Wildlife Related Activities ................................................. TA-89 Table TA-25. Reported Costs of Noise Compatibility Requirements...................................... TA-92 - TA-vi -

Table TA-26. Reported Cost of Compliance With FAA Industrial Waste Handling Requirements ................................................................................................................................. TA-93 Table TA-27. Reported Costs For Installing Security Equipment or Access Control Systems ...................................................................................................................................... TA-104 Table TA-28. Reported Costs for Screening and Inspection Projects ................................... TA-106 Table TA-29. Airports Reporting Programs Generating OSHA Costs .................................. TA-117 Table TA-30. Reported Costs for Use of Airport Staff and Contractors for OSHA Regulated Activities .................................................................................................................................... TA-118 Table TA-31. Industry Costs, Airfield Design, Standards and Operations Requirements .... TA-122 Table TA-32. Industry Costs of Part 139 Amendments for Newly Certificated Airports ..... TA-123 Table TA-33. Industry Costs of Compliance with Part 139 Amendments for Existing Certificate Holders ..................................................................................................................... TA-124 Table TA-34. Industry Costs of Modifications to Requirements for Vehicle Operation in Aircraft Operations Area ............................................................................................................. TA-125 Table TA-35. Industry Cost of Changes to PFC Requirements ............................................. TA-126 Table TA-36. Industry Costs of DBE Rule Changes ............................................................. TA-127 Table TA-37. Industry Costs of Miscellaneous AIP Administrative Requirements ............. TA-128 Table TA-38. Industry Costs for Air Emission Inventories ................................................... TA-129 Table TA-39. Industry Costs for ASTs and USTs ................................................................. TA-129 Table TA-40. Industry Costs for Tier I/Tier II Reports.......................................................... TA-130 Table TA-41. Industry Costs for Documents Related to All Appropriate Inquiries (Environmental Site Assessments) ........................................................................................ TA-130 Table TA-42. Industry Costs for Activities and Documents Related to Waste Management ................................................................................................................................ TA-131 Table TA-43. Industry Costs for Drinking Water Suppliers .................................................. TA-132 Table TA-44. Industry Costs for Activities and Documents Related to SPCC Amendments................................................................................................................................ TA-133 Table TA-45. Industry Costs for Activities and Documents Related to Pesticide General Permits ........................................................................................................................... TA-134 Table TA-46. Industry Costs for Activities and Documents Related to Construction Storm Water Requirements .................................................................................................................... TA-135 Table TA-47. Industry Costs for NEPA Related Documents ................................................ TA-136 Table TA-48. Industry Costs for Wildlife-Related Activities ............................................... TA-137 Table TA-49. Industry Costs for Noise Compatibility Program Requirements .................... TA-137 Table TA-50. Industry Compliance Costs for FAA Industrial Waste Requirements ............ TA-138 Table TA-51. Industry Cost for Installing Security Equipment or Systems .......................... TA-138 Table TA-52. Industry Costs for Screening and Inspection Projects ..................................... TA-139 Table TA-53. Industry Costs of Typical Programs for OSHA Compliance .......................... TA-140 - TA-vii -

Table TA-54. Industry Costs for Use of Staff and Contractors for OSHA-Regulated Activities ......................................................................................................................................TA-140 - TA-viii -