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8 The survey attempted to include a variety of different types of airports. Provided here is information on the size and loca- tion of the surveyed airports and their status with regards to EMS implementation (Figure 5). The majority of airports that responded and provided substantive information are classi- fied as large hubs by the FAA. A smaller group of five is clas- sified as medium hubs, and two are classified as small hubs. Many of the airports have a large freight component. Seven respondents are among the top 50 airports in the world based on tonnage according to Airport Council International (http:// www.aircargoworld.com/Air-Cargo-News/2011/08/the- worlds-top-50-airports/251575, Aug. 25, 2011). The attempt to include a non-hub airport was unsuccessful, and therefore, none is included in the survey results. Geographically, the airports are spread throughout the United States and Canada, as shown in Figure 6. Of the 19 airports that responded, 13 have either developed or are in the process of developing an EMS. Four are evalu- ating the possibility. One discontinued its attempt and the remaining airport has decided against implementing an EMS; see Table 1. Many of the airports surveyed were early adopters of EMS: The ISO 14001 Standard has only been in place for 16 years, yet one airport reports having been certified for 15 years. Of the 12 airports surveyed with an EMS in place, the age of the EMS ranges from two years to 15 years and averages over 7½ years, going back more than two years before the FAA began to provide funding for EMS. According to the survey, it took airports between nine months and slightly over four years to develop and implement the EMS. The median time to develop and implement an EMS was two years. Of those who sought ISO 14001 certification, all took two years or more. No correlation existed between the size of the airport and the time to develop the EMS (cor- relation coefficient 0.34). However, the number of significant benefits reported by the airports (see chapter five) positively correlated with the number of years the EMS had been in place (correlation coefficient 0.74). chapter two SURVEY RESPONDENTS FIGURE 6 Map of survey respondents.FIGURE 5 Size distribution of airports.
9 Status of Environmental Management System No. of Airports Considering or thinking about an EMS 4* Developing an EMS 1 Have developed an EMS 12 Considered or thought about it and rejected implementing an EMS 1 Discontinued development of an EMS 1 Total 19 *Includes airport that provided a limited response. TABLE 1 SURVEY RESPONDENTSâ EMS STATUS
