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68 Appendix C Vertebrate Control products Currently Registered or Approved for Use by USdA ApHiS Wildlife Services Vertebrate control products currently registered or approved for use by USDA APHIS Taxa APHIS Products Mode of Action Species Uses Unique to APHIS Rodents Zinc phosphide (3 products) Lethal Voles, mice, rats, hares, woodchucks, ground squirrels, muskrats, nutria, prairie dogs Some Strychnine (4 products) Lethal Pocket Gophers No Gas cartridge (1 product) Lethal Prairie dogs, ground squirrels, woodchucks, marmots No Diphacinone (1 product) Lethal Invasive rodents on islands Yes Brodifacoum (2 products) Lethal Invasive rodents on islands Yes Canine Predators Large gas cartridge (1 product) Lethal Coyotes, Red Foxes, Striped Skunks Yes M-44 Cyanide capsules (2 products) Lethal Coyotes, Red Foxes, Gray Foxes, Arctic Foxes, feral dogs Some Livestock protection collar Compound 1080 Lethal Coyotes Yes Tranquilizer trap device Non-lethal immobilizing agent Wolves, coyotes, feral dogs Yes Cervids GonaCon immuno- contraceptive vaccine Non-lethal contraceptive White-tailed Deer* Yes Birds Compound DRC-1339 concentrate (4 labels) Lethal Gulls, pigeons, ravens, crows, magpies, starlings, blackbirds Yes Compound DRC-1339 concentrateâFeedlots Lethal Blackbirds, starlings, grackles, cowbirds Some Mesurol aversive conditioning egg treatment Non-lethal Crows, ravens Yes Alpha-chloralose Non-lethal Geese, ducks, coots, pigeons, ravens Yes Corn oil Non-lethal Canada Geese No Snakes Acetaminophen Lethal Brown Treesnakes Yes Cinnamon, clove, and anise oil Non-lethal repellent Snakes No *Registration review by EPA in progress.
