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Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects (2012)

Chapter: Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B - Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22698.
×
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B-1 Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects A P P E N D I X B As a result of the research and case studies conducted, the following sections describe detailed sustainable strategies for airports to incorporate into traditional airport projects, including: B.1 Administrative procedures B.2 Social responsibility B.3 The planning process B.4 Sustainable site management B.5 Site selection and management B.6 Water efficiency B.7 Energy and atmosphere B.8 Materials and resources B.9 Indoor environmental quality B.10 Construction practices B.11 Encouraging tenants and concessionaires to operate sustainably B.1 Administrative Procedures The goal of sustainable administrative items and procedures is to promote workplace practices, procedures, and material use that provide the reduction of energy, water, and materials. The intention is to not only plan, design, construct, maintain, and operate an airport in a sustainable manner, but to raise awareness that sustainability is also integrated into the process of administering these activities. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to administrative items and procedures include, but are not limited to those listed below. • Develop an Organizational Sustainability Policy and Sustainability Vision Statements o Establish and adopt an overall Organizational Sustainability Policy and/or a project-specific Sustainability Vision Statement that focus on the role and impact of your organization in the workplace, marketplace, environment, and community. Use the policy and vision statement to

B-2 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o The intent is to reduce the environmental impact of products and services by developing and implementing a Green Purchasing Program, which can be accomplished by: Introducing environmentally conscious purchasing into organizational practices. Clearly defining objectives. Establishing a sustainability-claims verification procedure that can be replicated as necessary. Evaluating items that are purchased and identifying more environmentally friendly alternatives, along with establishing a policy to purchase these alternatives when economically feasible. This might also require working with suppliers to identify sustainable products that meet your organization’s needs The following resources can be used to create a Procurement Policy. Resources include but are not limited to: U.S. EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) Program guidelines: www.epa.gov/epp. U.S. EPA’s Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) includes an index of products and their recommended recycled content: www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/products/index.h tm. U.S. EPA’s Water Sense program promotes water efficiency and enhances the market for water-efficient products, programs and practices: www.epa.gov/WaterSense/. DOE’s Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center provides a wide range of information and resources to enable the use of alternative fuels, as well as other options to reduce petroleum use, including advanced vehicles, fuel blends, idle reduction, and fuel economy: www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/. Fair Trade Products purchased in place of regular products builds equitable and sustainable trading partnerships: www.fairtradefederation.org. USDA’s BioPreferred Designated Products Program is designed to increase the purchase and use of renewable, environmentally friendly bio-based products, while promoting a green marketplace: www.catalog.biopreferred.gov/bioPreferredCatalog/faces/jsp/ catalogLanding.jsp. outline and guide the preferred approach to sustainability initiatives for the entire organization and project-by-project. o Provide an electronic copy of the Policy to all employees and contractors. • Develop a Green Procurement Policy

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-3 place/project materials on the wall (one large print or presented with projector equipment). If handouts are needed at the meeting, produce handouts locally, double-sided, high post-consumer recycled content paper/chlorine-free paper, vegetable-based inks, black and white or grayscale, print in draft mode (uses less ink). Recycle or save for future reuse, all materials following the meeting. Allow participants who would travel to/from the meeting to participate via phone or internet instead. If travel cannot be avoided, encourage carpool or public transportation. • Develop a Document Reduction Recycling Initiative (DRRI) o The intents are to reduce the volume of paper used and to facilitate document recycling. Identify and issue only essential paper copies. Designate centralized review rooms for documents and drawings to eliminate the need for multiple paper copies. Encourage recycling of all documents by asking reviewers to return obsolete documents for recycling. • Prepare a sustainability baseline assessment, including carbon footprint, or cost/benefit analysis. o Perform a preliminary sustainability baseline assessment to represent a “no-project” scenario for comparison purposes. o Perform a preliminary cost/benefit analysis for the “with project” scenario in order to determine whether the project appropriately balances the environmental, social, and financial impacts of the project Note: See Guidebook, Section 4.2. • Encourage LEED Certification for new and existing buildings. o LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Certification, administered by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), provides building owners and operators with a framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions. LEED promotes sustainable building and development practices through a suite of rating systems that recognize projects that implement strategies for better environmental and health performance. • Conduct Green Meetings o Establish and implement Green Meeting Practices, which are intended to guide meeting hosts, planners, and attendees toward more eco- friendly meetings. Strategies include, but are not limited to: Reduce the number of copies of meeting materials by asking participants to share meeting materials; digitize materials and distribute presentations via email prior to the meeting,

B-4 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to social responsibility include, but are not limited to those listed below. • Staff Education and Training Programs o Staff includes airport employees, contractors, consultants, concessionaires, tenants, and all others with active airport contracts. o Develop and implement an Employee Sustainability Training Program for existing employees, and new employees as hires occur, to cover a variety of topics designed to provide a consistent and overall understanding of the airport’s sustainability commitments and how each employee can contribute to meeting those goals and targets. o Training should include, but is not limited to the following major topics: Organizational sustainability policy Project sustainability vision statements Key targets and goals Process for evaluation and improvement Computer based systems and software Facilitates monitoring, tracking, and reporting Water management plan/waste reduction goals Storage and collection of recyclables Composting or re-use options Managing and disposing of waste Systems management, including HVAC and other complex components Emissions reduction strategies Alternative fuel usage • Passenger/Community Education Programs o Provide and promote education through the following means that include, but are not limited to: Flyers Pamphlets Press Releases Signage Interactive and static kiosks Workshops Conferences Website Email updates Public exhibits o Solicit suggestions from passengers and tenants on how to improve the airport’s environmental, social, and sustainability programs B.2 Social Responsibility The goal of sustainable initiatives regarding social responsibility is to promote awareness among staff, passengers, and the general public of airport and tenant environmental, social, and sustainability initiatives and results. Sustainable

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-5 o By division and/or project: Identify a primary contact person for all sustainability-related tracking and communications. Document overall operating costs (i.e., water/electricity/recycle) for the previous five years (or length of building occupancy, whichever is shorter) and track changes in overall building operating costs over the performance period. Document operating costs and financial impacts of all aspects of implementation of sustainable initiatives on an ongoing basis. Track operating costs to identify any positive impacts related to sustainable performance improvements to a building and its operations. At a minimum include water, electricity, and waste management data to document operating costs on an ongoing basis. Use this data to optimize consumption and waste from operations and identify potential areas of improvement in future performance periods B.3 Planning Process The intent of a sustainable planning process is to integrate sustainability considerations and goals into the planning process for all projects’ design, implementation, and operational stages, regardless of size and scope. Major elements of a sustainable planning process include, but are not limited to: • Determine key stakeholders and hold initial project meeting to discuss sustainability goals of the project. • Conduct sustainability baseline assessment and cost/benefit analysis. • Develop a sustainability schematic to guide how sustainability goals are to be met throughout the project • Hold a project meeting with key stakeholders to finalize sustainability schematic. • Gather feedback at project completion by holding a meeting with key stakeholders to identify successes, opportunities for improvement, and lessons learned. • Documenting Sustainable Initiatives o Track, document, report and promote the airport’s commitment to sustainability and encourage divisions and tenants airport-wide to join in your efforts.

B-6 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects B.4 Sustainable Site Management Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to sustainable site management include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into everyday airport operations and activities. • Equipment Maintenance o Minimize the environmental impact of maintenance equipment and associated maintenance activities by establishing Best Management Practices (BMPs) outlining procedures for vehicle washing, maintenance, fueling, chemical storage, and spill control. • Exterior Facilities Management o Encourage environmentally sensitive building exterior practices by developing and implementing an environmentally sensitive, low-impact building/facility exterior plan, designed to discourage surrounding wildlife habitat, while sustaining ecological and environmental integrity. The plan should employ BMPs that significantly reduce harmful chemical use, energy waste, water waste, air pollution, solid waste, and/or chemical runoff (e.g., gasoline, oil, antifreeze, salts) compared with standard practices. The plan should also address operational elements that occur on the building and grounds, as applicable, such as cleaning of building exterior and paints and sealants used on the building exterior. • Hardscape Grounds Management as related to snow and ice removal and anti-ice/deice applications o Use environmentally sensitive, low-impact snow and ice removal methods that utilize innovative and ecologically friendly chemicals and/or employ BMPs that significantly reduce harmful chemical use, thereby reducing energy waste, water waste, air pollution, solid waste, and/or chemical runoff (e.g., gasoline, oil, antifreeze, salts). Airside ground anti-icing/deicing materials that are environmentally friendly, include, but are not limited to: • Solid: sodium formate and sodium acetate, and • Liquid: potassium acetate. o Develop a landside policy for minimizing road salt usage balancing environmental and safety concerns. Examine alternative products and methods, such as beet juice, brine, and similar. o Investigate non-electrified snowmelt procedures, including hydronic runway pavement for snowmelt and epoxy overcoat with glycol for controlling snow on runways. o Use fossil fueled equipment only as frequently as needed to maintain site appearance and safety, or use low-impact alternatives such as, but not limited to: Electric powered equipment Low-noise equipment

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-7 Hand raking or sweeping o Use more environmentally friendly deicing chemicals, such as but not limited to: Magnesium chloride • Potassium chloride • Potassium acetate Administer eco-training, such as chemical use and eco-driving to personnel to ensure appropriate use/applications, and to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and accident rate. o Consider use of the following innovations: Infrared radiant deicing technology Forced air/hybrid deicing which adds deicing fluid to the airstream to aid in removing ice and snow Tempered steam technology • Integrated Pest Management and Wildlife Deterrence o In an effort to preserve environmental integrity, while discouraging the presence of pests/wildlife, implement methods that use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Techniques, such as: Control dirt, moisture, clutter, foodstuffs, harborage, and building penetrations Use baits and traps rather than pesticide sprays where possible Avoid pesticide applications for prevention of pests Use pesticides only where pests are located Use pesticide specifically formulated for targeted pest Use wildlife deterrent methods in accordance with U.S. Department of Agriculture - Wildlife Services o In addition, it is recommended that the following BMPs be put in place: Apply pesticides only during unoccupied hours. Ventilate building with significant quantities of outside air during and after applications. Completely flush building prior to occupancy. Use more than normal outside air ventilation for some period after occupancy. Notify occupants prior to occupation. If applying outside keep away from air intake. Administer eco-training, such as chemical use, eco-driving, to personnel to ensure appropriate use/applications, and to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and accident rates. • Erosion Control o Develop and implement a maintenance plan and BMPs that address overall site management and control. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to: Mulching Structural control methods, such as earthen dike, silt fence, sediment traps, and sediment basins Buffer strips

B-8 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Ditch liners Limit the use of fertilizer, as necessary Removing and/or not installing invasive plants Identify problems Perform periodic checks Dispose of loose debris Maintain ground cover Clean major sediment sources on paved surfaces Install rolled mats (organic, biodegradable mulch mats used to reduce erosion) and ensure that they conform to site contours Use natural fiber geotextiles (permeable fabrics) that are biodegradable Install permeable paving materials to reduce stormwater runoff and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater Create contractual requirement specifications to inspect, maintain, and replace the erosion control measures • Landscape Management o Have in place a low-impact plan that addresses overall site management, chemicals, fertilizers, and landscape waste, including green landscape management practices such as the following: Provide proper training methods to current employees. Reduction of the use of power equipment. Discourage wildlife habitat. Remove or do not install invasive plants. Use mulching mowers to significantly reduce landscape waste generation, fertilizer needs, and water consumption through retention of organic matter. o Do not apply pesticides or fertilizers before an expected rainfall, unless specified within the manufacturers recommendations. o Conduct soil testing, as necessary, to determine the amount of nutrients needed for a healthy landscape. o Do not wash spilled chemicals into streets of storm drains. o Do not store chemicals in a manner that allows exposure to storm water. o Do not apply chemicals within 25-feet (at a minimum) of a body of water. o Use organic and natural products. o Use non-potable hot water for weed control to eliminate vegetation in pavement cracks in place of herbicides. o Use mulching and/or electric mowers. o Eliminate fertilizer and herbicide use completely or to the greatest extent possible. o Install rolled organic, biodegradable mulch mats used to reduce erosion, and ensure that they conform to site contours. o Use natural fiber geotextiles/permeable fabrics that are biodegradable.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-9 o Specify non-toxic, non-chemical organic or bio-based materials for landscape planting and fertilization. o Top-dress soil with compost to decrease fertilizer and irrigation needs, to control erosion, and to retain moisture. o When applying landscape fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals as necessary, specify organic or bio-based fertilizers and pesticides. o Spot treat landscape problem areas instead of chemically treating a larger area than necessary. o Use electric lawn mowers to reduce the level of noise and air pollution generated by traditional gasoline-powered mowers. Electric mowers need no extension cords and have replaceable, rechargeable batteries for extended range. o Use propane and/or natural gas-powered string trimmers, blowers, and push mowers. o Specify that all diesel-powered equipment are to use biodiesel with a minimum 20% blend. o Do not allow mowing on Air Pollution Action days, as appropriate. o Install cisterns and other water recycling infrastructure to use stormwater and/or gray water for irrigation. o Install high-efficiency irrigation systems (if irrigation is a necessity) with a slow-drip, sub-soil irrigation and automated linkages to meteorological data. o Administer eco-training, such as chemical use, eco-driving, to personnel to ensure appropriate use/applications, and to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and accident rates. o Consider use of the following innovations: Establish a centralized landscaping composting facility. Utilize a solar or propane mower. • Stormwater Management o Landside: Replace impervious surfaces with permeable surfaces, including, but not limited to: • Permeable asphalt/concrete • Open grid pavers • Aggregate materials • Turf or landscaped area Harvest rainwater and develop a use for it, such as landscape irrigation. Install rain gardens, vegetated swales, disconnection of imperviousness, and rainwater recycling. Install cisterns or rain barrels. Install landscaping to reduce runoff. Evaluate curb breaks and drainage ditches, and/or bioswales Install high-efficiency irrigation systems (if irrigation is a necessity) with a slow-drip, sub-soil irrigation.

B-10 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Install permeable paving materials to reduce stormwater runoff and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater. o Airside: Use sweeper vacuums, glycol recovery vehicles, and/or mobile collection units to remove and reuse spent deicing fluid. • Recover and recycle deicing chemicals at application point (e.g., vacuum truck, or other capturing method). Develop collection systems for deicing runoff. The proposed runway and taxiway pavements would contain first flush systems along the edge of pavements and central deicing facilities for aircraft. The first flush system could consist of slotted edge drains connected to underground holding tanks. Glycol contaminated snowmelt and minor storm water runoff would be captured in the tanks and removed for treatment, disposal or recycling. Reduce or eliminate deicing chemical contamination by using low Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), low toxicity, and low corrosivity material (e.g., acetate). Incorporate technologies, application techniques and/or designs to minimize glycol residual after application of deicing agents Use glycol separation and/or concentration methods to recover spent glycol from storm water or snow melt. Consider development of a Central Deicing Facility to capture and dispose of excess glycol from aircraft deicing operations in underground storage tanks. • Water Quality o Sustainable practices for protecting water quality provide benefits of water conservation and reduced water pollution through minimization of impacts from flooding and stormwater runoff. The following sustainable practices serve to improve water quality and control stormwater runoff with a list of best management practices that exemplify green and sustainable technologies: Complete a low-impact development (LID) hydrologic analysis for use in project decision making for stormwater management. LID describes engineered controls, stormwater management facilities, and other land development BMPs that attempt to mimic pre-development hydrologic conditions by emphasizing infiltration, evapotranspiration, or stormwater reuse for long- term flow control and runoff treatment. An example for conducting an LID analysis includes, but is not limited to the following: USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) TR-55: Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds: http://www.hydrocad.net/tr-55.htm

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-11 Develop a site drainage design report that includes, at minimum, the following: • Statement of initial and design conditions for flow rate, time of concentration and runoff volume. • Supporting calculations for runoff areas, flow rate, times of concentration, and runoff volumes. • List of BMPs and their expected flow control performance criteria, such as: o Stormwater detention/retention facilities, including catch basins, rain gardens, sand filters, and sediment traps and forebays. o Infiltration basin or trench allowing stormwater to filter/drain through the bottom of the basin or trench. o Permeable and porous pavements in mostly non- or low-traffic areas, e.g., parking areas, roadway shoulders, maintenance roads, etc. o Vegetative swale/bio-swale – a stormwater conveyance system that effectively removes water contaminants prior to reaching surface or ground waters. o Bioretention - a low lying area either natural or manmade that is heavily vegetated for the purpose of retaining stormwater and naturally treating pollutant content. o Vegetative filter strips – a narrow strip of vegetation usually adjacent to an imperious runoff area that attenuates flows prior to reaching manmade or natural drainage ways. o Construction of wetlands to double as a naturalized stormwater detention area(s). o Develop policy to reduce or optimize the use of pavement deicers. Stormwater cost analysis • Determine lifecycle costs and savings associated with low impact development techniques and best management practices for stormwater utilities. • The results must show, at minimum, that these criteria have been addressed: 1) expected service life, 2) construction costs, 3) maintenance costs, 4) interest rate, 5) salvage value, and 6) estimated annual cost of the stormwater management system. Design site vegetation • Include vegetation types that do not need irrigation, to the greatest extent possible.

B-12 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Where necessary, consider opportunities for rainwater harvesting through use of above ground or below ground storage systems with latter use for irrigation. • Incorporate vegetated green roofs on facilities, wherever possible. • Use only native, non-invasive plant species. • Maintain and/or enhance natural features, such as wetlands, riparian areas, floodplains, woodlands, etc., to the greatest extent possible. • Maintain and/or enhance riparian and forested buffers wherever possible so as not to adversely affect natural attenuation of runoff to streams, ponds and wetlands. • Central Deicing Facility o Consider development of a central deicing facility to capture excess glycol from aircraft deicing operations in underground storage tanks. • Heat Island Reduction, including Green/Vegetated Roofs, White Roofs, or similar o Minimize impacts of existing roofs and pavements that cause the heat island effect, which is caused by thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas. Provide shade from an existing tree canopy or within five years of landscape installation. Use paving materials with a Solar Reflective Index (SRI) of at least 29 and implement a maintenance program that ensures these surfaces are cleaned at least every two years to maintain good reflectance and minimums. Note: SRI is calculated according to ASTM E 1980. Reflectance is measured according to ASTM E 903, ASTM E 1918 or ASTM C 1549. Emittance is measured according to ASTM E 408 or ASTM C 1371. Product information is available from the Cool Roof Rating Council website, at www.coolroofs.org. Also, visit the ENERGY STAR website, www.energystar.gov to research compliant products. Use an open-grid pavement system (that consists of at least 50% open area). Install a vegetated green roof atop occupied or unoccupied structures. Employ strategies, materials and landscaping techniques that reduce heat absorption of exterior materials. • Use shade (calculated at 10 a.m., 12 noon, and 3 p.m. on the summer solstice [June 21] that will be used as the effective shaded area) from native or adapted trees and large shrubs, vegetated trellises or other exterior structures supporting vegetation.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-13 o Vegetation is recommended for landside projects only and should not attract wildlife. • Consider the use of new coatings and integral colorants for asphalt to achieve light-colored surfaces instead of blacktop. • Position photovoltaic cells to shade impervious surfaces. • Consider installing high-albedo roofs to reduce heat absorption. • Install open grid pavement for surface lots and site pavement. • Install light-colored permeable pavers and concrete. • Install “green walls” or “living walls” for building façade. • Light Pollution Reduction o Eliminate light trespass from building interiors and outdoor areas, thereby improving night sky access and reducing development impact on nocturnal environments. o For interior lighting Automatically control all non-emergency built-in interior/indoor lighting to turn off during all after-hours periods. Implement a program to ensure that the lighting control system is being properly used to adjust lighting levels during all after- hours periods. o For exterior lighting Partially or fully shield all fixtures so that they do not directly emit light to the night sky. • Alternative Commuting Transportation for Employees o To reduce pollution and land development impacts from conventional automobile use for commuting trips. Alternative transportation includes, but is not limited to: Telecommuting Compressed work weeks Mass/public transit Walking Bicycles or other human-powered conveyances Carpools Vanpools Low-emitting, fuel-efficient or alternative-fuel vehicles B.5 Site Selection and Management Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to site selection and management include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into airport design and construction activities. • Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

B-14 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o Create and implement an Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) Plan for all construction activities to describe the measures to be implemented to accomplish the following objectives: Prevent loss of soil during construction by stormwater runoff and/or wind erosion, including protecting topsoil by stockpiling for reuse. Prevent sedimentation of storm sewer or receiving streams. Prevent pollution of the air with dust and particulate matter using BMPs. o Incorporate temporary sedimentation basins, temporary ditch checks, diversion dikes, temporary ditches, pipe slope drains into the construction plans. o Orient buildings to be able to integrate passive and active solar strategies. If renovating/retrofitting an existing structure (i.e., when employing passive solar strategies is not possible), consider planting trees to shade areas of the building that get more sunshine. o For dust control: tarp truckloads, sweep streets as needed, stabilize construction entrances, spray site as necessary to minimize fugitive dust. o Establish temporary and permanent seeding plans consistent with direction received by an FAA certified airport biologist to ensure the plants will not attract wildlife. o Monitor water quality impacts before and during construction. o Develop an inventory of topsoil for potential re-use. o Develop a policy to chip or compost all vegetation for re-use on site. • Good Housekeeping and Best Management Practices o The intent is to minimize the environmental impacts of facility operations. o Establish BMPs in the form of procedures, activities, or structural controls concerning general good housekeeping activities and pollution prevention for all airport entities. o Require project owners, tenants, or ultimate building occupants through tenant or lease agreements, to incorporate into design and construction activities. • Brownfield Redevelopment o The intent is to rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmental contamination, thereby reducing pressure on undeveloped land. o Brownfields are sites documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a local Voluntary Cleanup Program or are defined as such by a local, state, or federal government agency. o During the site selection process, give preference to brownfield sites. Identify tax incentives and property cost savings. Coordinate site development plans with remediation activity, as appropriate.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-15 o Develop and implement a site remediation plan using strategies outlined by local, state, or federal government agencies. Cleanup requirements will be dependent on site conditions, applicable remediation standards, and timing requirements. • Alternative Transportation o To reduce pollution and land development impacts from conventional automobile use for construction staff commuting trips, select a site that allows for: Public transportation access Bicycle access, storage and changing rooms Right sized parking capacity o Encourage the use of alternative transportation, which includes, but is not limited to: Telecommuting Mass/public transit Walking Bicycles or other human-powered conveyances Carpools Vanpools Low-emitting, fuel-efficient or alternative-fuel vehicles • Stormwater Design o Quantity Control Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff, and eliminating contaminants. Install vegetated green roofs. Install pervious pavements for roadways, shoulders, non-traffic pavements, maintenance roads, utility yards, airside and landside parking facilities, and pedestrian areas. Install landscape to reduce runoff. Evaluate curb breaks and drainage ditches, and/or bioswales. Encourage installation of systems that are flexible to allow use of gray water. Use rainwater cisterns for landside irrigation during the plant growth season. o Quality Control Limit disruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing stormwater runoff. Develop and implement a stormwater management plan that reduces impervious cover, promotes infiltration, and captures and treats stormwater runoff. Install alternative surfaces, such as vegetated green roofs, pervious pavement, or grid pavers to reduce imperviousness and promote infiltration thereby reducing pollutant loadings.

B-16 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Install non-structural techniques, such as rain gardens, vegetated swales, disconnection of imperviousness, or rainwater recycling to reduce imperviousness and promote infiltration thereby reducing pollutant loadings. Use sustainable design strategies, such as low impact development or environmentally sensitive design to design integrated natural and mechanical treatment systems such as constructed wetlands, vegetated filters, and open channels to treat stormwater runoff. Develop collection systems for deicing runoff. Incorporate technologies, application techniques and/or designs to minimize glycol residual after application of deicing agents Consider installation of a central deicing facility, which could also be utilized to capture excess glycol from aircraft deicing operations in underground storage tanks. • Heat Island Reduction, including Green/Vegetated Roofs, White Roofs, or similar o Minimize impacts of existing roofs and pavements that cause the heat island effect, which is caused by thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas. Provide shade from an existing tree canopy or within five years of landscape installation. Use paving materials with a SRI of at least 29 and implement a maintenance program that ensures these surfaces are cleaned at least every two years to maintain good reflectance and minimums Note: SRI is calculated according to ASTM E 1980. Reflectance is measured according to ASTM E 903, ASTM E 1918 or ASTM C 1549. Emittance is measured according to ASTM E 408 or ASTM C 1371. Product information is available from the Cool Roof Rating Council website, at www.coolroofs.org. Also, visit the ENERGY STAR website, www.energystar.gov to research compliant products. Use an open-grid pavement system (that consists of at least 50% open area) Install a vegetated green roof atop occupied or unoccupied structures. Employ strategies, materials, and landscaping techniques that reduce heat absorption of exterior materials. • Use shade (calculated at 10 a.m., 12 noon, and 3 p.m. on the summer solstice [June 21] that will be used as the effective shaded area) from native or adapted trees and large shrubs, vegetated trellises or other exterior structures supporting vegetation.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-17 o Vegetation is recommended for landside projects only and should not attract wildlife. • Consider the use of new coatings and integral colorants for asphalt to achieve light-colored surfaces instead of blacktop. • Position photovoltaic cells to shade impervious surfaces. • Consider installing high-albedo roofs to reduce heat absorption. • Install open grid pavement for surface lots and site pavement. • Install light-colored permeable pavers and concrete • Install “green walls” or “living walls” for building façade. • Light Pollution Reduction o Eliminate light trespass from building interiors and outdoor areas, thereby improving night sky access and reducing development impact on nocturnal environments. o For interior lighting Automatically control all non-emergency built-in interior/indoor lighting to turn off during all after-hours periods. Implement a program to ensure that the lighting control system is being properly used to adjust lighting levels during all after- hours periods. o For exterior lighting Partially or fully shield all fixtures so that they do not directly emit light to the night sky. B.6 Water Efficiency Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to water efficiency include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into everyday airport operations and activities. The goal of developing sustainable initiatives related to increased water efficiency is to reduce the burden on local municipal water supply and wastewater systems. • Establish a water baseline by tracking water usage for one full year. o Use this baseline to establish goals and targets to increase indoor and outdoor water efficiency, thereby reducing future water use. • Initiatives to increase indoor water efficiency include, but are not limited to o Upgrade to high-efficiency fixtures and valves. o Utilize fixtures such as dual flush toilets and waterless urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. o Evaluate reusing stormwater for non-potable uses. o Use local generation of domestic hot water, as much as possible, to eliminate long piping runs associated with recirculation piping unless connecting to an existing hot water recirculating system.

B-18 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Increase Outdoor Water Efficiency o Landscaping Remove or do not install irrigation systems. Install drought tolerant plants. Utilize native and/or low maintenance vegetation that does not require excessive watering. Minimize use of high maintenance grass areas, lawns and annual plants. Establish areas of high and low landscape maintenance areas. • Group plants with similar water-use needs by determining those areas of the site that should receive a higher level of care than others and, during drought periods, more irrigation. Lower maintenance areas should be located on low traffic areas, buffer zones and service areas. If an irrigation system is installed: • Also install a soil moisture monitoring system to reduce reliance on timed devices (so as not to water during natural rain events) and to detect system leaks. • Incorporate the use of recycled and treated wastewater for the use of irrigation. • Evaluate use of gray water cisterns for capturing runoff from roofs, vehicle washing, aircraft washing, and/or irrigation for reuse. Rain Harvesting: Evaluate use of stormwater cisterns for capturing natural rainwater for reuse. • Innovative Wastewater Management o Reduce wastewater generation and potable water demand in order to increase local aquifer recharge. This can be accomplished through implementation of a system or technology that: Reduces potable water use for building sewage conveyance through the use of water conserving fixtures, such as water closets, urinals. • Specify high-efficiency fixtures and fittings and dry fixtures, such as composting toilet systems and non- water using urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. Increases available amounts of non-potable water, such as captured rainwater, recycled gray water, and on-site or municipally treated wastewater. • Consider reusing stormwater or gray water for sewage conveyance or on-site mechanical and/or natural wastewater treatment systems. • Options for on-site wastewater treatment include packaged biological nutrient removal systems and high- efficiency filtration systems.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-19 The goal of designing and constructing projects with water efficiency in mind is to reduce the burden on local municipal water supply and wastewater systems. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to water efficiency design include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into airport design and construction activities. • Water Use Reduction in Buildings o Use high-efficiency fixtures and valves. o Utilize fixtures such as dual flush toilets and waterless urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. o Evaluate reusing stormwater for non-potable uses. o Use local generation of domestic hot water, as much as possible, to eliminate long piping runs associated with recirculation piping unless connecting to an existing hot water recirculating system o Install dry fixtures such as composting toilets and waterless urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. o Use instantaneous hot water heating systems (i.e., tank-less, on- demand hot water heating). o Use zones or sub-meters to measure and audit water consumption rates at points of use. o Use reclaimed water for cooling tower makeup. o Evaluate pulsed-power electromagnetic water treatment, ultraviolet treatment, or ozone treatment for cooling tower water. o Establish a water supply system that supports vehicle maintenance without the use of potable water by using recycled water or diverted stormwater for vehicle and aircraft washing. • Water Efficient Landscaping o Do not plan for or install irrigation systems. o Install drought tolerant plants. o Utilize native and/or low maintenance vegetation that does not require excessive watering. o Minimize use of high maintenance grass areas, lawns and annual plants. o Establish areas of high and low landscape maintenance areas. Group plants with similar water-use needs by determining those areas of the site that should receive a higher level of care than others and, during drought periods, more irrigation. Lower maintenance areas should be located on low traffic areas, buffer zones and service areas. o Rain harvesting: evaluate use of stormwater cisterns for capturing natural rainwater for reuse. • Innovative Wastewater Technologies o Reduce wastewater generation and potable water demand in order to increase local aquifer recharge. This can be accomplished through implementation of a system or technology that: Reduces potable water use for building sewage conveyance through the use of water conserving fixtures, such as water closets, urinals.

B-20 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Specify high-efficiency fixtures and fittings and dry fixtures, such as composting toilet systems and non- water using urinals to reduce wastewater volumes. Increase available amounts of non-potable water, such as captured rainwater, recycled gray water, and on-site or municipally treated wastewater. • Consider reusing stormwater or gray water for sewage conveyance or on-site mechanical and/or natural wastewater treatment systems. • Options for on-site wastewater treatment include packaged biological nutrient removal systems and high- efficiency filtration systems. B.7 Energy and Atmosphere Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to energy and atmosphere include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into everyday airport operations and activities. The goal of energy reduction is to reduce lifetime energy consumption of airport facilities. Energy reduction techniques have been proven to provide long-term, post-construction operational and maintenance benefits that will result in a net savings in energy usage. The following sustainable practices are examples of energy reduction strategies and best management practices that exemplify green and sustainable technologies applicable for facilities and roadway systems at airports. • Refrigerant Management o Refrigerant management is achieved by eliminating use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in HVAC&R systems. • Energy Optimization o Energy optimization is achieved by reducing, wherever possible, levels of energy consumed. This can be achieved through: Create a master lighting plan. • Design lighting to provide luminance for safety, while limiting light pollution and reducing or conserving energy. Design lighting systems to reduce lifetime energy consumption for facilities, parking lots, and roadways. • Install luminaires that meet or exceed the 2009 Energy Star standard. • Use alternative and/or high efficiency energy sources to power street lighting, warning signs, and other lighted components in order to reduce grid power consumption. High efficiency street lighting sources include (but are not limited to): o Light emitting diodes (LED). o Induction lamps. o New high intensity discharge (HID) lamp and ballast combinations. o Solar power.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-21 • Replace traditional lighted signs with retro-reflective signs to eliminate both power consumption and light pollution associated with sign-lighting. • Provide lamps that are Dark-Sky compliant or equivalent. A list of Dark-Sky approved fixtures is available at: www.DarkSky.org • Install lighting sensors and controls. • Provide for the ongoing accountability of lighting energy consumption over time through development and implementation of a measurement and verification (M&V) plan. Design electrical-powered systems to reduce lifetime energy consumption for occupied or non-occupied structures: • For all structures (occupied and non-occupied): o HVAC components. Establish goal of zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new systems. When reusing existing equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. o Install vegetated or white-roof systems to reduce overall building energy consumption. o Provide high-efficiency motors and variable-speed pumping systems. o Use LED lighting wherever applicable. o Implement renewable energy strategies, as applicable, including solar (photovoltaic and thermal), wind, geothermal. o Begin the commissioning process early in the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed. o Provide for the ongoing accountability of a structure’s energy consumption over time through development and implementation of a M&V plan covering a period of no less than one year of post- construction. • For occupied buildings: o HVAC components Establish goal of zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new systems. When reusing existing equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. o Install vegetated or white-roof systems to reduce overall building energy consumption. o Provide high-efficiency motors and variable-speed pumping systems. o Provide energy efficient lighting systems including LED, fluorescent lighting, solar lighting, and the use of lighting sensors or timers.

B-22 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o Organize circuiting of lighting and building systems so that individual areas may be separately controlled relative to daylight and heating/cooling zones. o Orient building to optimize passive solar and/or daylight penetration. o Optimize architectural features for daylighting and glare control. Consider light shelves, ceiling design, window placement, and window treatments o Provide Energy Star compliant equipment and appliances. o Control air infiltration through all exterior openings. o Evaluate appropriate levels of insulation for building envelope. o Verify that energy related systems are installed, calibrated. and perform according to project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents. Commissioning of existing buildings (retrocommissioning) • Existing building commissioning is achieved through conducting an energy audit to document a building’s or facility’s energy use as compared to design specifications, implementing no or low-cost improvements immediately, and budgeting for future capital improvements to address major system upgrades, as necessary. • On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy o Consider the following renewable energy initiatives, as appropriate: Wind Power (wind turbines) Photovoltaics (solar electric) Electricity generation using bio-fuels (untreated wood waste, agricultural crops or waste, landfill gas) Electricity generating wind turbines Solar-thermal water or air heating Geothermal heating systems Geothermal electrical systems Co-Gen Micro-turbines Hydroelectricity Purchase of Green Power • Emissions Reduction o Emissions can typically be reduced by the following activities: Increase energy efficiency, including use of renewable energy. Promoting use of public transportation or commuting. Establish an anti-idling policy on airport property. • Require that vehicles dropping or loading passengers for departures or arrivals shut off their engines while their vehicle is stopped.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-23 • Designate and encourage use of a cell phone lot. • Provide premium parking spots for alternative fuel passenger vehicles. • Install public-use electric vehicle charging stations. Encourage use of alternative fueled vehicles, such as CNG, ethanol, biodiesel, propane, hydrogen, electric. • Encourage airport and tenant use of on- and off-road vehicles for regular daily activities that use ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel conforming to ASTM D975, D5453, D6078, and D613 or alternative fuel such as compressed natural gas (CNG), propane or biodiesel (B80 or greater) NOTE: Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards implemented over the last decade have required a major reduction in the sulfur content of diesel fuels and emission levels from diesel engines and vehicles. To meet the EPA standards, the petroleum industry is producing ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel, a cleaner- burning diesel fuel containing a maximum 15 parts- per-million (ppm) sulfur. Used in combination with cleaner-burning diesel engines and vehicles, ULSD fuel helps to improve air quality by significantly reducing emissions. Non-Road/Off-Road - Non-road diesel fuel was required to transition to 500 ppm sulfur in 2007, and further to ULSD (15 ppm sulfur) in 2010 with exceptions provided to small refiners and other exceptions in place through 2013. After December 1, 2014 all highway, nonroad, locomotive, and marine diesel fuel produced and imported will be ULSD. This additional reduction in sulfur levels will further reduce PM emissions from existing engines. More importantly, the ultra-low sulfur levels will make it possible for engine manufacturers to use advanced emission control systems that will achieve dramatic reductions in both PM and NOx emissions. The goal of designing and constructing projects with energy reduction in mind is to reduce lifetime energy consumption of airport facilities. Energy reduction techniques employed in design and construction stages of a project meet short- term temporary sustainability goals, as well as provide long-term, post-construction operational and maintenance benefits that will result in a net savings in energy usage over time. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to designing for energy and atmosphere optimization include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into airport design and construction activities.

B-24 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Fundamental and Enhanced Building Systems Commissioning o Verify that the project’s energy related systems are installed, calibrated, and performed according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents. o Designate an individual as the Commissioning Authority (CxA) to lead, review, and oversee the completion of the commissioning process activities The CxA shall have documented commissioning authority experience in at least two building projects and should be independent of the project’s design and construction management, though they may be employees of the firms providing those services. The CxA may be a qualified employee or consultant of the owner. o Develop and incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents. o Develop and implement a commissioning plan that includes the following systems: High energy consuming systems: • Central building automation system • All HVAC system equipment • Lighting controls and sensors • Site lighting • Refrigeration systems • Vertical transport • Building envelope • Baggage handling systems • Information technology systems Low energy consuming systems: • Emergency power generators and automatic transfer switching • Uninterruptible power supply systems • Life safety systems; fire protection fire alarm, egress pressurization • Lightning protection • Domestic and process water pumping and mixing systems • Equipment sound control systems • Data and communication systems • Paging systems • Security systems • Irrigation systems • Plumbing • Illuminated guidance signage For Runways, civil/stormwater, and roadways/rail projects: • For support and ancillary buildings, include all of the applicable systems and assemblies noted above • Runway lighting and illuminated signage

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-25 • Runway NAVAIDS • Site lighting systems • Traffic signals • Stations (e.g., pump stations, lift stations, drainage pumps) • Heating/deicing systems • Oil/water separators o Verify the installation and performance of the systems to be commissioned. o Complete a summary commissioning report that covers at least the following energy-related systems: Heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems (mechanical and passive) and associated controls Lighting and daylighting controls Domestic hot water systems Renewable energy systems (wind, solar, etc.) • Optimize Energy Performance/Minimum Energy Performance o Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and civil infrastructure systems to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use. o Energy optimization is achieved by reducing, wherever possible, levels of energy consumed. This can be achieved through: Create a master lighting plan. • Design lighting to provide luminance for safety, while limiting light pollution and reducing or conserving energy. Design lighting systems to reduce lifetime energy consumption for facilities, parking lots, and roadways. • Install luminaires that meet or exceed the 2009 Energy Star standard. • Use alternative and/or high efficiency energy sources to power street lighting, warning signs, and other lighted components in order to reduce grid power consumption. High efficiency street lighting sources include (but are not limited to): o LED o Induction lamps o New HID lamp and ballast combinations o Solar power • In place of traditional lighted signs use instead retro- reflective signs to eliminate both power consumption and light pollution associated with sign-lighting. • Provide lamps that are Dark-Sky compliant or equivalent. A list of Dark-Sky approved fixtures is available at: www.DarkSky.org. • Install lighting sensors and controls. • Provide for the ongoing accountability of lighting energy consumption over time through development and implementation of a M&V plan.

B-26 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Design electrical-powered systems to reduce lifetime energy consumption for occupied or non-occupied structures: • For all structures (occupied and non-occupied): o HVAC components Establish goal of zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new systems. When reusing existing equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. o Install vegetated or white-roof systems to reduce overall building energy consumption. o Provide high-efficiency motors and variable-speed pumping systems. o Use LED lighting, wherever applicable. o Implement renewable energy strategies, as applicable including solar (photovoltaic and thermal), wind, geothermal. o Begin the commissioning process early in the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed. o Provide for the ongoing accountability of a structure’s energy consumption over time through development and implementation of a M&V plan covering a period of no less than one year of post- construction. • For occupied buildings: o HVAC components Establish goal of zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new systems. When reusing existing equipment, complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. o Install vegetated or white-roof systems to reduce overall building energy consumption. o Provide high-efficiency motors and variable-speed pumping systems. o Provide energy efficient lighting systems including LED, fluorescent lighting, solar lighting, and the use of lighting sensors or timers. o Organize circuiting of lighting and building systems so that individual areas may be separately controlled relative to daylight and heating/cooling zones. o Orient building to optimize passive solar and/or daylight penetration. o Optimize architectural features for daylighting and glare control. Consider light shelves, ceiling design, window placement, and window treatments.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-27 o Provide Energy Star compliant equipment and appliances. o Control air infiltration through all exterior openings. o Evaluate appropriate levels of insulation for building envelope. o Verify that energy related systems are installed, calibrated, and perform according to project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents. • On-Site Renewable Energy o Consider the following renewable energy initiatives, as appropriate: Wind power (wind turbines) Photovoltaics (solar electric) Electricity generation using bio-fuels (untreated wood waste, agricultural crops or waste, landfill gas) Electricity generating wind turbines Solar-thermal water or air heating Geothermal heating systems Geothermal electrical systems Co-Gen Micro-turbines Hydroelectricity Purchase of Green Power • Fundamental and Enhanced Refrigerant Management o Refrigerant management is achieved by eliminating use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in HVAC&R systems. o Strive for zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new base building HVAC&R systems. When reusing existing base building HVAC equipment: • Complete a comprehensive CFC phase-out conversion prior to project completion. • Conduct an inventory to identify equipment that uses CFC-based refrigerants and provide a replacement schedule for these refrigerants. • For new buildings, specify new HVAC equipment in the base building that uses no CFC refrigerants. o Although HCFCs and HFCs have ozone depletion potentials (ODP) that are nearly zero, consideration should also be given to their global warming potentials (GWP). Alternative refrigerants that minimize ODP and GWP compared to HCFCs and HFCs include natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and propane. These compounds have an ODP of zero and GWPs which are three orders of magnitude less than most HCFCs and HFCs. • Measurement and Verification (M&V) o Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. o Develop an M&V Plan to evaluate building and/or energy system performance.

B-28 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Characterize the building and/or energy systems through energy simulation or engineering analysis. Install continuous metering equipment for the following end- uses: • Lighting systems and controls • Constant and variable motor loads • Variable frequency drive (VFD) operation • Chiller efficiency at variable loads (kW/ton) • Cooling load • Air and water economizer and heat recovery cycles • Air distribution static pressures and ventilation air volumes • Boiler efficiencies • Building-related process energy systems and equipment • Indoor water risers and outdoor irrigation Track performance by comparing predicted performance to actual performance, broken down by component or system as appropriate. Evaluate energy efficiency by comparing actual performance to baseline. • Green Power o For buildings, encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis. o Determine the energy needs of the building and investigate opportunities to engage in a green power contract. o Green power is derived from solar, wind, geothermal, biomass or low- impact hydro sources. o Visit www.green-e.org/energy for details about the Green-e program Green-e Energy is the nation's leading voluntary certification program for renewable energy. For over a decade, Green-e Energy has been certifying renewable energy that meets environmental and consumer protection standards that it developed in conjunction with leading environmental, energy and policy organizations. Green-e Energy also requires that sellers of certified renewable energy disclose clear and useful information to potential customers, allowing consumers to make informed choices. B.8 Materials and Resources The goal of using sustainable materials and resources in everyday activities and operations is to reduce the amount of ongoing waste and toxins generated on a daily basis that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or incineration facilities. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to materials and resources include, but are not limited to, those listed below. • Solid Waste Management o Waste Stream Audit Conduct a waste stream audit of a building’s, tenant’s or division’s entire ongoing consumables waste stream, with the exception of durable goods or construction waste.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-29 Use the audit’s results to establish a baseline for types/amounts of waste by weight or volume. Identify opportunities for increased recycling and waste diversion. Use the audit’s results to develop a Waste Stream Master Plan to establish targets/strategies to reduce/eliminate certain types of waste. o To the greatest extent possible, divert solid waste streams to other on- site uses. Recycling and Reuse Programs • Develop and implement a waste reduction/recycling/reuse program that diverts the following common items from landfills and incineration facilities: o Paper o Toner cartridges o Glass o Plastics o Cardboard o Metals o Batteries o Electronics o Light bulbs o Automotive fluids o Office equipment, such as computers, monitors, copiers, printers, scanners, and fax machines o Appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwashers, and water coolers o External power adapters o Televisions and other audiovisual equipment o Landscape waste o Food waste • Develop a waste tracking system and establish a designated sort area for all recyclable and reusable items. o The intent of using local and regional materials and resources is to increase demand for products that are extracted, harvested or recovered, or manufactured within your local region (within a 500 mile radius), thereby supporting your local economy and the use of indigenous resources, as well as reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation of such products. The goal of designing for use and reuse of sustainable materials and resources in airport construction activities, and future everyday activities, is to reduce the amount of ongoing waste and toxins generated on a daily basis that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or incineration facilities. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to materials and resources include, but are not limited to those listed below. • Local/Regional Materials

B-30 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Storage and Collection of Recyclables o Designate an area for recyclable collection and storage that is appropriately sized and located in a convenient area. These areas would likely be designed and sized differently depending on the ultimate use and waste stream of the facility (e.g., terminal, airfield, office, airlines, concessionaires, cargo, hangar, etc.). Identify local waste handlers and buyers for glass, plastic, office paper, e-waste, newspaper, cardboard, metals, fluids, fixtures, and organic wastes. Instruct occupants, employees and contractors on the recycling procedures. Consider employing cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes and other waste strategies to further enhance the recycling program. Reduce use of water bottles by enabling provisions for water dispensers for refills. Reduce use of water bottles by providing area and collection capability on non-secured side of terminal to allow for the dumping of liquids and refill opportunity post security. o Recycle the following waste, whenever feasible: Aluminum Glass Paper, newspapers, magazines and cardboard Carpet Wood (pallets/crates, etc.) Food waste/grease and compostables Organic waste and compostables Gas and oil filters Motor oil and Anti-freeze Scrap metal Batteries Light bulbs Toner cartridges Tires Electrical wiring Electronics including monitors Deicing fluid Foreign object debris (FOD) • Building and Infrastructure Reuse o Consider reuse of existing, previously occupied buildings, including structure, envelope and elements, and infrastructure. Remove elements that pose contamination risk and upgrade components that would improve energy and water efficiency such as windows, mechanical systems and plumbing fixtures. Upgrade outdated components

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-31 o Evaluate relocation of existing structures for reuse (with special consideration of historical components). o Consider adaptive reuse of building(s)/structure(s) and potential relocation for the same program use. o Evaluate maximizing reuse of existing runway and other infrastructure (e.g., utilities, lighting, etc.). o Seek opportunities to improve the indoor/outdoor and structure sustainability elements, such as increasing daylighting, energy efficiency, low VOC finishes, and similar. o Evaluate opportunities for application of deconstruction techniques. • Construction Waste Management o Divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities. o Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites. o Recycle and/or salvage non-hazardous construction and demolition debris. o Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site. o Specify minimum percentage debris to be recycled or salvaged. o Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, mineral fiber panel, concrete, plastic, wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet, and insulation. o Keep in mind that construction debris processed into a recycled content may be a commodity with an open market value. o Designate a specific area(s) on the construction site for segregated collection and labeling of recyclable materials, and track recycling efforts throughout the construction process. o Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitable organizations and salvage of materials on-site. o Implement deconstruction planning and techniques into all demolition activities. Careful and planned deconstruction of a facility can provide sustainable benefits related to disposal, reuse of materials, etc. o Ensure that employees are aware of waste management and recycling procedures. o Evaluate use, as appropriate, of pre-cast or pre-fabricated units whenever possible, to reduce on-site waste generation during construction. • Balanced Earthwork o Divert soils from landfills, reduce transportation of soil to off-site locations, and maintain or make soil available for reuse on other on- airport projects, which can reduce the amount of transportation and disposal costs (both financial and environmental).

B-32 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o Evaluate opportunities for on-site soil management which may include infrastructure elevation changes, development of noise berms, considerations for landscaping needs, etc. o Use GPS systems during large-scale grading and earthwork operations. o Identify stockpile areas, as well as the potential reuse on concurrent projects. • Aggregate Reuse o Promote the reuse of aggregate from on-airport property sources. o Identify aggregates present on-site that can be incorporated into the final development. o Identify possible uses of recycled aggregates within each project. o Where approved and appropriate, consider the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) for paving, which allows for the use of higher quantities of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP, also known as asphalt grindings). • Material Reuse o Reuse building materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. o Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into the building design, and research potential material suppliers. o Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, masonry, fencing, metal railing, manhole frames, lids, and catch basin inlets. o Use a “virtual warehouse” to maintain a current listing of materials available for reuse on other projects. • Specify Recycled Content of Materials o Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. o Consider the following major building components for specifying maximum recycled content: Aggregate in cast in place concrete Fly-ash in cast in place concrete Aggregate in pre-cast concrete including site work and infrastructure piping Fly-ash in pre-cast concrete including site work and infrastructure piping Bituminous concrete pavement Unit pavers Steel reinforcement Structural steel Miscellaneous steel Steel fencing and furnishings Unit masonry Ductile iron pipe Aluminum products

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-33 Site generated broken concrete for gabions Railroad rails Railroad ties Railroad track base material Steel doors and frames Aluminum doors and windows Plaster Terrazzo Acoustical ceilings Drywall Finish flooring including carpet, resilient flooring and terrazzo Toilet and shower compartments Special finishes o During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of recycled content materials installed. o Encourage aggressive use of permeable pavement with high recycled content, where applicable, such as recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) for permeable asphalt Additional guidance/information can be found online at: U.S. General Services Administration - Environmental Products Overview www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?contentType=GSA_OVER VIEW&contentId=9845 Architectural Record – Green Product Guide www.archrecord.construction.com/products/green/ • Specify Use of Local/Regional Materials o The intent of using local and regional materials and resources is to increase demand for products that are extracted, harvested or recovered, or manufactured within your local region (within a 500 mile radius), thereby supporting your local economy and the use of indigenous resources, as well as reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation of such products. o Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. Materials that may contribute toward this goal include, but are not limited to: concrete, aggregate, asphaltic products, structural steel, masonry, gypsum wallboard, utility structures (manholes, conduit, catch basins, culverts, sewer piping, stormwater piping, etc.), gas and water piping, landscaping materials. NOTE: Piping used indoors for building systems should not be included. Reused and salvaged materials also qualify. Note that due to sole sourcing and limited availability, FAA equipment and specialty items sometimes cannot meet the 500 mile criterion.

B-34 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. o Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance attributes when selecting products and materials. • Specify Use of Rapidly Renewable Materials o Establish a project goal for rapidly renewable materials and identify products and suppliers that can support achievement of this goal. o Consider materials such as: Poplar OSB Straw board or “agriboard” Bamboo flooring Cork Wool carpets and fabrics Cotton-batt insulation Linoleum flooring Sunflower seed board Wheat grass or straw board cabinetry and others. Rice husks for concrete • Specify Use of Certified Wood o Encourage environmentally responsible forest management. o Establish a project goal for FSC-certified wood products and identify suppliers that can achieve this goal. o During construction, ensure that the FSC-certified wood products are installed and quantify the total percentage of FSC-certified wood products installed. • Equipment Salvage and Reuse o Promote the reuse of equipment and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. o Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into the design, and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as cabinetry and furniture, pumps, motors, electrical panels, fixtures, and tanks o Explore and encourage the development of a virtual warehouse for salvaged and reusable items. B.9 Indoor Environmental Quality The goal of improving or maximizing indoor environmental quality is to contribute to the health and well-being of building occupants. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to indoor environmental quality include, but are not limited to those listed below. These initiatives can be incorporated into everyday airport operations and activities.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-35 • Outdoor Air Introduction and Exhaust System o Modify or maintain each outside air intake, supply air fan, and/or ventilation distribution system to supply at least the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE 62.1—2007 Ventilation Rate Procedure under all normal operating conditions. (www.ashrae.org/technology/page/1412), or if that is infeasible due to physical constraints of the existing ventilation system, modify or maintain the system to supply at least 10 cubic feet per minute of outdoor air per person under all normal operating conditions. o Implement and maintain an HVAC system maintenance program to ensure the proper operations and maintenance of HVAC components as they relate to outdoor air introduction and exhaust. o Test and properly maintain the operation of all building exhaust systems. o To the greatest extent possible, install a Building Automation System to monitor and adjust outside air flow. • Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control o Prohibit smoking in any building. o Designate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet from building entries, outdoor air intakes, and operable windows. • Occupant Comfort o Allow for occupant controlled lighting. Allow for lighting control by individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote the productivity, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Provide task lighting or more light switching zones in office areas. Design lighting control systems to take advantage of daylight harvesting to reduce artificial lighting when adequate daylight is available. Provide operable windows in areas that are not noise-sensitive. Design terminal areas to provide a variety of levels of light and sound in different areas simultaneously. Tie lighting in public areas of passenger terminals to flight schedules or use motion-activated lighting. o Thermal comfort monitoring Implement a system for continuous tracking and optimization of systems that regulate indoor comfort and conditions (air temperature, humidity, air speed and radiant temperature) in occupied spaces. Install a permanent monitoring system to ensure ongoing building performance to the desired comfort criteria as determined by equipment manufacturer(s). Periodically test air speed and radiant temperature in occupied spaces. Install alarms for conditions that require system adjustment or repair.

B-36 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Develop procedures that deliver prompt adjustments or repairs in response to problems identified. Utilize a Building Automation System to monitor and control thermal comfort. • Green Cleaning o Sustainable Cleaning Equipment Reduce human exposure to potentially hazardous chemical, biological, and particulate contaminants that could adversely affect air quality, human health, and the environment. Develop, implement, and maintain a policy for the use of low- impact powered cleaning equipment. Evaluate the powered cleaning equipment currently being used and make a plan for upgrading to powered cleaning equipment that reduces building contaminants and minimizes environmental impact. o Cleaning and Maintaining Entryways The intent is to reduce or eliminate contaminants from entering the building from the outside, to the greatest extent possible. Use grilles, grates, or mats to catch and hold dirt particles and prevent contamination of interior space. At public entrances: • Install low-maintenance vegetation within the landscape design and avoid plants, including trees and shrubs, that produce fruit, flowers, or leaves that are likely to be tracked into the space. • Base plant selection on an integrated pest management approach to eliminate pesticide applications that could be tracked into the space. Provide a water spigot and electrical outlet at each entrance for maintenance and cleaning. • High Performance Cleaning o Reduce human exposure to potentially hazardous chemical, biological, and particulate contaminants that could adversely affect air quality, human health, and the environment. o Designate cleaning techniques that promote the most efficient use of products, including the proper amount of product to use and proper wiping motion for certain tasks, o Specify cleaning techniques that promote the most efficient use of electricity, including only turning on lights in areas where active cleaning is taking place rather than turning on all lights throughout the space for the entire shift. o Provide proper training on supply usage, including when to replace paper products and liners as not to throw away usable product. For example, office trash liners that may need emptying but not replacing when possible.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-37 • Specifying Minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Performance o The intent is to establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants. o Balance the impacts of ventilation rates on energy use and indoor air quality to optimize for energy efficiency and occupant health. o Design ventilation systems to meet or exceed the minimum outdoor air ventilation rates as described in the ASHRAE 62 Users Manual for detailed guidance on meeting the referenced requirements. o Identify potential IAQ conflicts on the site and locate air intakes away from air contaminant source, which might include loading areas, exhaust fans, and cooling tower. o Locate air intakes in secure areas for protection from potential security breaches. o Design HVAC systems to meet ventilation requirements of the referenced standard. o Evaluate carbon or electrostatic filters for use in passenger terminal buildings. o Provide a security monitoring system and restrict access to outdoor air intakes for passenger terminal buildings and any other public gathering areas. • Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring o Modify or maintain each outside air intake, supply air fan, and/or ventilation distribution system to supply at least the outdoor air ventilation rate required by ASHRAE 62.1—2007 Ventilation Rate Procedure under all normal operating conditions (www.ashrae.org/technology/page/1412), or if that is infeasible due to physical constraints of the existing ventilation system, modify or maintain the system to supply at least ten cubic feet per minute of outdoor air per person under all normal operating conditions. o Implement and maintain an HVAC system maintenance program to ensure the proper operations and maintenance of HVAC components as they relate to outdoor air introduction and exhaust. o Test and properly maintain the operation of all building exhaust systems. o To the greatest extent possible, install a Building Automation System (BAS) to monitor and adjust outside air flow. o Install carbon dioxide and airflow measurement equipment and interface with the HVAC system and/or BAS to trigger corrective action, if applicable. If such automatic controls are not feasible with the building systems, use the measurement equipment to trigger alarms that inform building operators or occupants in the event of a possible deficiency in outdoor air delivery. o Provide audible feedback to building occupants, who in turn know to inform the building’s engineer, as a satisfactory means of meeting this aspect of the credit requirement for both the densely occupied areas and the other areas with mechanical ventilation systems.

B-38 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o Design HVAC systems for passenger terminal and other public assembly and buildings with carbon dioxide monitoring sensors in each space and integrate these sensors with the BAS. o Provide real-time control of terminal unit (VAV box) flowrates and total outdoor air flowrates based on carbon dioxide levels. • Increased Ventilation o Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity. o For mechanically ventilated spaces: Use heat recovery, where appropriate, to minimize the additional energy consumption associated with higher ventilation rates. o For naturally ventilated spaces: Follow the design steps described in the Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237. o Use public domain software to analytically predict room-by-room airflows. Examples include, but are not limited to the following: NIST’s CONTAM (Multizone Modeling Software): www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/CONTAM/ LoopDA (Natural Ventilation Sizing Tool): www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/software/LOOPDAdesc.htm o Select and place air diffusers for all mechanically ventilated spaces, particularly office and passenger terminal spaces, following the recommended design approaches in the ASHRAE 2001 Fundamentals, Chapter 32, Space Air Diffusion. o Section 6 of ASHRAE 62.1-2007 outlines guidelines for determining ventilation rates for various applications of mechanical ventilation systems. o Increase air change effectiveness using the following strategies: Displacement ventilation in passenger terminal areas Underfloor air distribution in office areas Operable windows and skylights in cargo buildings o Increase air movement in cargo facilities with ceiling fans. o Install trickle ventilators in cargo facilities to provide natural winter ventilation. o Install relief vents or operable skylights in cargo facilities to provide stack effect natural ventilation. • Construction IAQ Management Plan o During Construction The intent is to reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants. Adopt an IAQ management plan to protect the HVAC system during construction, control pollutant sources, and interrupt contamination pathways. Sequence the installation of materials to avoid contamination of absorptive materials such as insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile, and gypsum wallboard.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-39 If possible, avoid using permanently installed air handlers for temporary heating/cooling during construction. During construction meet or exceed the recommended Design Approaches of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3. Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage. Do not operate air-handling equipment during construction. Sequence the installation of materials to avoid contamination of absorptive materials such as insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile, and gypsum wallboard. Minimize the use of air handlers during construction. If air handlers are used during construction, filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 must be used at each return air grill, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. o Before Building Occupancy Prior to occupancy, perform a building flush-out or test the air contaminant levels in the building. The flush-out is often used where occupancy is not required immediately upon substantial completion of construction. IAQ testing can minimize schedule impacts but may be more costly. The intent is to eliminate indoor air quality problems that occur as a result of construction. Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy. Filtration media shall have a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999 for media installed at the end of construction. After construction ends and prior to occupancy, conduct a two- week building flush out with 100% fresh air. • Specify Use of Low-Emitting Material o The intent is to reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants, including the following: Adhesives and sealants Paints and coatings Flooring systems Composite wood and agrifiber products o Specify low-VOC materials o Specify wood and agrifiber products with no added urea-formaldehyde resins. o Consider the use of air scrubbers during the installation and curing of adhesives and sealers when used inside the passenger terminal or other public spaces. o Specify that all shop finished material meet the VOC emission requirements. Materials to consider are: Primed steel Finished metals including aluminum Finished millwork Finished steel and wood doors and windows

B-40 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control o Design facility cleaning and maintenance areas with isolated exhaust systems for contaminants. o Maintain physical isolation from the rest of the regularly occupied areas of the building. o Install permanent architectural entryway systems such as grills or grates to prevent occupant-borne contaminants from entering the building. o Install high-level filtration systems in air handling units processing both return air and outside supply air. o Ensure that air handling units can accommodate required filter sizes and pressure drops. o Where chemical use occurs (including housekeeping areas and copying/printing rooms), provide segregated areas with deck-to-deck partitions with separate outside exhaust at a rate of at least 0.50 cubic feet per minute per square foot, no air re-circulation, and maintaining a negative pressure. o Provide drains plumbed for appropriate disposal of liquid waste in spaces where water and chemical concentrate mixing occurs. o Select finish materials and assemblies that resist mold growth. o Designate central locations in terminal and office buildings for storage of concentrated cleaning chemicals and other pollutant sources. o Install permanent architectural entryway systems such as grills or grates to prevent occupant-borne contaminants from entering the building. o Design separate exhaust and plumbing systems for rooms or areas with contaminants to achieve physical isolation from the rest of the building. o Encourage the use of electric vehicle uses in indoor cargo facilities • Controllability of Systems o Design to allow for occupant controlled lighting. Allow for lighting control by individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupant spaces to promote the productivity, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Provide task lighting or more light switching zones in office areas. Design lighting control systems to take advantage of daylight harvesting to reduce artificial lighting when adequate daylight is available. Provide operable windows in areas that are not noise-sensitive. Design terminal areas to provide a variety of levels of light and sound in different areas simultaneously. Tie lighting in public areas of passenger terminals to flight schedules or use motion-activated lighting. o Design to allow for occupant controlled thermal comfort. Design the building and systems with comfort controls to allow adjustments to suit individual needs or those of groups in shared spaces.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-41 • ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 identifies the factors of thermal comfort and a process for developing comfort criteria for building spaces that suit the needs of the occupants involved in their daily activities. Control strategies can be developed to expand on the comfort criteria to allow adjustments to suit individual needs and preferences. o These strategies may involve system designs incorporating operable windows, hybrid systems integrating operable windows and mechanical systems, or mechanical systems alone. o Individual adjustments may involve individual thermostat controls, local diffusers at floor, desk or overhead levels, or control of individual radiant panels, or other means integrated into the overall building, thermal comfort systems, and energy systems design. o Evaluate the closely tied interactions between thermal comfort (as required by ASHRAE Standard 55-2004) and acceptable indoor air quality (as required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, whether natural or mechanical ventilation). Establish comfort criteria per ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 that support the desired quality and occupant satisfaction with building performance. Design building envelope and systems with the capability to deliver performance to the comfort criteria under expected environmental and use conditions. Evaluate air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed, and relative humidity in an integrated fashion and coordinate these criteria with SAM Credits 6.1 Low-Emitting Materials, 6.3 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring and 6.4 Increase Ventilation. Provide ceiling fans or natural ventilation to increase air movement in cargo spaces. Provide humidification in HVAC systems serving office and terminal areas. For spaces with humidification, install humidistats in addition to thermostats. o Design to allow for thermal comfort monitoring. Implement a system for continuous tracking and optimization of systems that regulate indoor comfort and conditions (air temperature, humidity, air speed, and radiant temperature) in occupied spaces. Install a permanent monitoring system to ensure ongoing building performance to the desired comfort criteria as determined by equipment manufacturer(s). Periodically test air speed and radiant temperature in occupied spaces.

B-42 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects Install alarms for conditions that require system adjustment or repair. Develop procedures that deliver prompt adjustments or repairs in response to problems identified. Utilize a BAS to monitor and control thermal comfort. • Daylight and Views o The intent is to provide for building occupants, a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building. o Design the building to maximize interior daylighting. Strategies to consider include: Building orientation Shallow floor plates Increased building perimeter Exterior and interior permanent shading devices High performance glazing and automatic photocell-based controls o Design the building to maximize view opportunities. o Provide sky or clerestory lighting as appropriate in cargo and passenger terminal facilities. o Coordinate daylight strategy with BAS and lighting control system. o Provide exterior and interior permanent shading devices. o Provide spectrally selective glazing to maximize daylight while minimizing heat gain. o Provide photo-integrated light sensors to dim artificial lights. • Noise Transmission o Design to limit noise levels in noise-sensitive, occupied spaces such as passenger terminals and offices to increase employee productivity and passenger comfort. o Design spaces in such a way as to orient noise sensitive areas away from major noise sources. o Use sound dampening glazing and wall partitions. o Locate copy machines and printers in separate rooms o For office environments, specify acoustical ceiling with an appropriate noise reduction coefficient to meet the requirements of this credit. o Choose cubicle partitions that are at least 5 feet tall to provide a sound barrier to workstation occupants. o Insulate wall cavities for noise sensitive spaces and extension of partition walls to the structural deck. o Specify laminated glazing to reduce noise transmission for normally occupied spaces. B.10 Construction Practices The goal of sustainable construction practices is to minimize the environmental impact of airport construction activities. Sustainable initiatives for consideration at an airport that are related to construction practices include, but are not limited to those listed below.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-43 • Clean Fuel Construction Vehicles o The intent is to minimize air quality impacts during construction. o Specify that all off-road construction vehicles over 50 hp use ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. o Restrict idling times. o Require all contractors to report fuel usage on a monthly basis. o Encourage contractors to identify and incorporate any other measures that may assist in reducing air quality emissions as a result of construction, examples include: • Construction Equipment Maintenance o The intent is to minimize the environmental impact of construction equipment maintenance activities o Develop and implement a BMP manual that includes the following, at a minimum: Equipment vehicle washing restrictions Equipment vehicle fueling controls Equipment vehicle maintenance requirements Above ground storage tank equipment requirements/spills Mobile tank trucks (petroleum) requirements Chemical handling/storage requirements Drum storage procedures Battery storage procedures Truck loading/unloading procedures/spill control Spill control kits and spill response Good housekeeping procedures/waste storage Storm drain protection/identification o Require contractors to comply with the BMP manual. • Construction Activity Pollution Prevention/Systems Commissioning o For occupied buildings, verify that the project’s energy related systems are installed, calibrated, and perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents. o The following commissioning process activities shall be completed by the commissioning team. Designate an individual as the CxA to lead, review, and oversee the completion of the commissioning process activities. The CxA shall have documented commissioning authority experience in at least two building projects and should be independent of the project’s design and construction management, though they may be employees of the firms providing those services. The CxA may be a qualified employee or consultant of the owner. Encouraging use of cleaner vehicle options that now exist for employee shuttle buses and Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs), such as compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid (fuel/electric), flex fuel, and demand on displacement.

B-44 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o The owner shall document the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR). The design team shall develop the Basis of Design (BOD). The CxA shall review these documents for clarity and completeness. The Owner and design team shall be responsible for updates to their respective documents o Develop and incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents o Develop and implement a commissioning plan that includes the following systems: High energy consuming systems: • Central building automation system • All HVAC system equipment • Lighting controls and sensors • Site lighting • Refrigeration systems • Vertical transport • Building envelope • Baggage handling systems • Information technology systems • Low energy consuming systems • Emergency power generators and automatic transfer switching • Uninterruptible power supply systems • Life safety systems; fire protection fire alarm, egress pressurization • Lightning protection • Domestic and process water pumping and mixing systems • Equipment sound control systems • Data and communication systems • Paging systems • Security systems • Irrigation systems • Plumbing • Illuminated guidance signage For Runways, Civil/Stormwater, and Roadways/Rail projects: • For support and ancillary buildings include all of the applicable systems and assemblies noted above • Runway lighting and illuminated signage • Runway NAVAIDS • Site lighting systems • Traffic signals • Stations (e.g., pump stations, lift stations, drainage pumps) • Heating/deicing systems • Oil/water separators o Verify the installation and performance of the systems to be commissioned. o Complete a summary commissioning report that covers at least the following energy-related systems:

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-45 Heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems (mechanical and passive) and associated controls Lighting and daylighting controls Domestic hot water systems o Renewable energy systems (wind, solar etc.) • Low-Emission Construction Vehicles o The intent is to minimize air quality impacts during construction. o Encourage contractors to purchase new equipment or retrofit existing equipment to low-emission vehicles, such as: Biodiesel (especially regionally derived biofuels) Other regionally preferred alternative fuels Diesel-electric hybrid vehicles Where approved and appropriate, consider the use of WMA for paving, which reduces energy usage and emissions GPS for optimizing haul routes and work activities Stricter idling controls, including use of idling restrictors Newest technology equipment and retrofits • Alternative Transportation During Construction o Staging Area Reduce emissions due to construction vehicles by minimizing the amount of traffic to the construction site. Have a staging area where employees congregate prior to entering the project site. Use multiple occupancy vehicles to access the project site from the centralized staging area. Establish procedures and make vehicles available for employee car-pooling to the project site. • For maximum benefit, specify that shuttle buses or vans are preferred over lower occupancy vehicles such as pick- up trucks. o Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles The intent is to reduce emissions from on-road construction vehicles, such as foreman pickups or shuttle buses. Specify that the contractor must use fuel efficient and low emitting vehicles for at least a minimum percentage of all on- road, contractor-owned construction vehicles that access the project site more than five calendar days per month. • Specify that vehicles must have an Air Pollution Score or a Greenhouse Gas Score of 6 or greater according to the U.S. EPA Green Vehicle Guide. • Construction Material Conveyance o Reduce emissions from construction activities by minimizing the amount of on-road and off-road vehicle traffic traveling to/from the construction site. o Use an automatic materials conveyance system as a method for transporting materials to or from a construction site.

B-46 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects o The primary focus of a conveyance system would be in those projects in which there is a large area requiring significant grading changes. o Construct Batch Plants as needed on- or near-site or utilize rail transport where available or appropriate. • Construction Noise and Acoustical Quality o Improve the exterior noise quality during construction affecting residential areas or other noise sensitive areas. o Implement a noise abatement or noise mitigation plan that identifies site specific, mechanical, structural or operational measures to reduce noise disturbances in noise sensitive areas adjacent to the project site. o Require contractors to abide by the noise abatement or noise mitigation plan. • Sustainable Temporary Construction Materials o Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with high recycled content, rapidly renewable materials, and FSC certified wood products for temporary uses during construction. Materials that may have high recycled content include, but are not limited to the following: • Temporary steel structures or materials • Fencing or metal barricades • Plastic traffic control devices (barricades, cones) • Temporary piping (HDPE, ductile iron) • Steel formwork • Plastic erosion control materials (e.g. silt fence) Materials that have rapidly renewable materials include, but are not limited to: • Poplar oriented strand board (OSB) for formwork or temporary carpentry • Coir or jute fabric erosion control blankets and meshes • Plant-based cladding and insulation materials • Contractor trailer materials such as flooring and finishes FSC certified wood products for temporary construction materials may include: • Wood formwork • Temporary wood structures or scaffolding B.11 Encourage Tenants and Concessionaires to Operate Sustainably The goal of encouraging concessionaires and tenants to operate sustainably is to raise awareness of the airport’s overall goals and to fully integrate sustainability into all aspects of the airport’s everyday activities, not only into those activities under the airport’s direct control. This can be achieved by recommending administrative items and procedures that promote workplace practices, procedures, and material use to reduce the use of energy, water, and materials. Sustainable initiatives for an airport that encourage concessionaires and tenants to operate sustainably include, but are not limited to those listed below.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-47 • Encourage development of a corporate sustainability policy and/or sustainability vision statement. o Encourage concessionaires and tenants to establish and adopt an overall corporate sustainability policy and/or sustainability vision statement that focuses on the role and impact of the organization in the workplace, marketplace, environment, and community. • Encourage development of a green procurement policy. o Encourage tenants to reduce the environmental impact of products and services by developing and implementing a Green Purchasing Program, which can be accomplished by: Introducing environmentally conscious purchasing into organizational practices. Clearly defining objectives. Establishing a sustainability-claims verification procedure that can be replicated as necessary. Evaluating items that are purchased and identifying more environmentally friendly alternatives, along with establishing a policy to purchase these alternatives when economically feasible. This might also require working with suppliers to identify sustainable products that meet the organization’s needs. Note: the following resources can be used to create a procurement policy. Resources include but are not limited to: U.S. EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP) Program guidelines: www.epa.gov/epp U.S. EPA’s Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) includes an index of products and their recommended recycled content: www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/products/index.htm U.S. EPA’s Water Sense program promotes water efficiency and enhances the market for water-efficient products, programs and practices: www.epa.gov/WaterSense/ DOE’s Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center provides a wide range of information and resources to enable the use of alternative fuels, as well as other options to reduce petroleum use, including advanced vehicles, fuel blends, idle reduction, and fuel economy: www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ Fair Trade Products purchased in place of regular products builds equitable and sustainable trading partnerships: www.fairtradefederation.org USDA’s BioPreferred Designated Products Program is designed to increase the purchase and use of renewable, environmentally friendly bio-based products, while promoting a green marketplace: www.catalog.biopreferred.gov/bioPreferredCatalog/faces/jsp/catalogLa nding.jsp

B-48 Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects • Encourage use of green meetings practices. o Encourage tenants to establish and implement green meeting practices, which are intended to guide meeting hosts, planners, and attendees toward more eco-friendly meetings. Strategies include, but are not limited to: Reduce the number of copies of meeting materials by asking participants to share meeting materials; digitize materials and distribute presentations via email prior to the meeting, place/project materials on the wall (one large print or presented with projector equipment). If handouts are needed at the meeting, produce handouts locally, double-sided, high post-consumer recycled content paper/chlorine-free paper, vegetable-based inks, print in draft mode (uses less ink). Recycle or save for future reuse, all materials following the meeting. Allow participants who would travel to/from the meeting to participate via phone or internet instead. If travel cannot be avoided, encourage carpool or public transportation. • Encourage Development of a Document Reduction Recycling Initiative (DRRI) o The intents are to reduce the volume of paper used and to facilitate document recycling. Identify and issue only essential paper copies. Designate centralized review rooms for documents and drawings to eliminate the need for multiple paper copies. Encourage recycling of all documents by asking reviewers to return obsolete documents for recycling. • Encourage planning, design, construction, and daily operation of tenant spaces with sustainability in mind. o The intent is to encourage tenants to integrate sustainability considerations and goals into the planning process for all projects; design, implementation, and operational stages, regardless of size and scope. o Major elements of a sustainable planning process include, but are not limited to: Determine key stakeholders and hold initial project meeting to discuss sustainability goals of the project. Conduct sustainability baseline assessment and cost/benefit analysis. Develop a sustainability schematic to guide how sustainability goals are to be met throughout the project. Hold a project meeting with key stakeholders to finalize sustainability schematic.

Sustainable Initiatives for Incorporation Into Traditional Airport Projects B-49 Gather feedback at project completion by holding a meeting with key stakeholders to identify successes, opportunities for improvement, and lessons learned. o By encouraging tenants to integrate sustainable elements into the design process as early as possible, the effectiveness of enhancing a project’s sustainability is maximized while costs due to design and construction changes are minimized. o By encouraging tenant to carry out everyday activities in a sustainable manner, there is a reduction of environmental impacts of the day-to- day activities, as well as a reduction of impacts to their buildings’ functional life cycles.

Next: Appendix C - Resources and References »
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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 80: Guidebook for Incorporating Sustainability into Traditional Airport Projects describes sustainability and its potential benefits, and identifies different applications of sustainable initiatives in traditional airport construction and everyday maintenance projects.

The printed version of the report includes a CD-ROM that includes an airport sustainability assessment tool (ASAT) that complements the guidebook and may be used to assist in identifying sustainability initiatives that might be most applicable to an airport project. Through case studies, the tool also allows users to obtain more information about specific strategies and learn about sustainability initiatives that have been implemented in other airports. The case studies are also available for download in PDF format.

The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website in two formats, either as an Excel file or an ISO image.

Download the Excel file here.

Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.

Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM Image

Download the .ISO CD-ROM Image

(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)

CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.

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