Using Infrared and High-Speed Ground-Penetrating Radar for Uniformity Measurements on New HMA Layers (2012)

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2013 www.TRB.org RepoRt S2-R06C-RR-1 The Second S T R A T E G I C H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M Using Infrared and High-Speed Ground-Penetrating Radar for Uniformity Measurements on New HMA Layers Stephen SebeSta and tom Scullion Texas A&M Transportation Institute College Station, Texas timo Saarenketo Roadscanners Oy Rovaniemi, Finland

Subscriber Categories Construction Highways Materials Pavements

SHRP 2 Reports Available by subscription and through the TRB online bookstore: www.TRB.org/bookstore Contact the TRB Business Office: 202-334-3213 More information about SHRP 2: www.TRB.org/SHRP2 SHRP 2 Report S2-R06C-RR-1 ISBN: 978-0-309-12934-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2013930390 © 2013 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Copyright Information Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copy- right to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. The second Strategic Highway Research Program grants permission to repro- duce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Per- mission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, or FHWA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. 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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration in cooperation with the American Asso- ciation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. It was conducted in the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. The project was managed by Monica Starnes, Senior Program Officer for SHRP 2 Renewal. The research reported herein was performed by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI). TTI was the contractor for the project, and the Research Foundation of Texas A&M University served as the fiscal administrator. Dr. Timo Saarenketo, the Managing Director of Roadscanners Oy, served as a consultant to the contrac- tor and was instrumental in summarizing the status of hot-mix asphalt quality-assurance procedures in Europe. Special thanks are extended to the agencies participating in construction project demonstrations: the Texas, Florida, Minnesota, and Maine Departments of Transportation. SHRP 2 STAFF Ann M. Brach, Director Stephen J. Andrle, Deputy Director Neil J. Pedersen, Deputy Director, Implementation and Communications James Bryant, Senior Program Officer, Renewal Kenneth Campbell, Chief Program Officer, Safety JoAnn Coleman, Senior Program Assistant, Capacity and Reliability Eduardo Cusicanqui, Financial Officer Walter Diewald, Senior Program Officer, Safety Jerry DiMaggio, Implementation Coordinator Shantia Douglas, Senior Financial Assistant Charles Fay, Senior Program Officer, Safety Carol Ford, Senior Program Assistant, Renewal and Safety Elizabeth Forney, Assistant Editor Jo Allen Gause, Senior Program Officer, Capacity Rosalind Gomes, Accounting/Financial Assistant Abdelmename Hedhli, Visiting Professional James Hedlund, Special Consultant, Safety Coordination Alyssa Hernandez, Reports Coordinator Ralph Hessian, Special Consultant, Capacity and Reliability Andy Horosko, Special Consultant, Safety Field Data Collection William Hyman, Senior Program Officer, Reliability Michael Marazzi, Senior Editorial Assistant Linda Mason, Communications Officer Reena Mathews, Senior Program Officer, Capacity and Reliability Matthew Miller, Program Officer, Capacity and Reliability Michael Miller, Senior Program Assistant, Capacity and Reliability David Plazak, Senior Program Officer, Capacity Monica Starnes, Senior Program Officer, Renewal Onno Tool, Visiting Professional Dean Trackman, Managing Editor Connie Woldu, Administrative Coordinator Patrick Zelinski, Communications/Media Associate

Obtaining adequate in-place density is vital for achieving pavement durability for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement. While nondestructive testing (NDT) can be used to determine the in-place density and thus help determine the expected pavement durability, rapid NDT techniques can also provide real-time information to paving crews so that corrective action can be taken as the HMA is placed and compacted. Infrared (IR) imaging and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) are two technologies that can be used to identify in-place density during construction operations. During construction of an HMA pavement, IR techniques are able to evaluate its temperature uniformity, which is critical for avoiding areas of asphalt segregation and thus achieving the needed density. GPR can be used to measure the density of HMA layers, both during and after compaction. The advantages of using these NDT techniques are evident: (1) both techniques provide the needed information regarding expected density and thus durability, (2) both techniques are rapid and provide information in real time, and (3) both techniques provide continuous or near-continuous coverage of constructed HMA pavement in contrast to other existing tech- nologies that take discrete measurements. In all, when used together these two technologies complement each other to deliver the needed information to undertake corrective action during paving operations. This report presents the findings of the first two phases of SHRP 2 Renewal Project R06C, Using Infrared and High-Speed Ground-Penetrating Radar for Uniformity Measurements on New HMA Layers. The project piloted and evaluated existing IR and GPR technologies for their suitability to assess mat density and their readiness for field use. The report provides a thorough review of the technologies and the four pilots conducted in the United States. The project also developed a 30-minute training video that gives an overview of the equipment installation, data gathering, and data interpretation for both NDT technologies. The video is available at www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167280.aspx. An additional phase was recently added to this project to develop specifications and pilot them in collaboration with two state departments of transportation. Once completed, the results from this additional scope of work will be published as an addendum to this report. F O R EWO R D Monica A. Starnes, PhD, SHRP 2 Senior Program Officer, Renewal

C O N T E N T S 1 Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Findings 3 Conclusions 4 Recommendations 6 CHAPTER 1 Background 6 Problem Statement and Research Objective 6 Scope of Study 7 CHAPTER 2 Research Approach 7 Project Tasks 8 CHAPTER 3 Findings and Applications 8 Literature Search Findings 24 Recommended NDT Equipment and Test Protocols 25 Detailed Test Plan 27 Demonstration Project in AASHTO Region 4 33 Demonstration Project in AASHTO Region 2 37 Demonstration Project in AASHTO Region 3 45 Demonstration Project in AASHTO Region 1 50 References 52 CHAPTER 4 Conclusions and Suggested Research 52 Conclusions 53 Recommendations on Specifications 54 Suggested Research 55 Appendix A. Swedish National Road Administration Method for Defining Temperature Variation During Paving of Hot-Mix Asphalt 57 Appendix B. GPR Hardware Specifications for Systems Used in TxDOT 59 Appendix C. Finnish PANK Method for Air Void Content of Asphalt Pavement with GPR 63 Appendix D. TxDOT Method TEX-244-F for Thermal Profile of Hot-Mix Asphalt 70 Appendix E. Method for Detecting Segregation with GPR 75 Appendix F. Correlations of NDT and Core Data from Region 4 Demonstration 77 Appendix G. Correlations of NDT and Core Data from Region 2 Demonstration 78 Appendix H. Correlations of NDT and Core Data from Region 3 Demonstration 80 Appendix I. Correlations of NDT and Core Data from Region 1 Demonstration Online version of this report: www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167280.aspx.