An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2 (2012)

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70 A p p e n d i x B This list is not exhaustive but includes environmental-related data and plans typically found in most regions and data and plans most commonly used in conservation or land use plan- ning. Identification of sources does not ensure plan avail- ability in any particular area. Acquisition of some plans or data may require license agreements. Federal Lands and Federally Managed Lands • Department of Defense Integrated Natural Resource Man- agement Plans; • Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management; • Department of Interior National Park Service; • Department of Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); • USDA Forest Service; • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and NOAA have Special Area Management Plans (SAMPs); and • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and USFWS recovery plans. State and Regional Agency plans • Statewide long-range transportation plans (LRTPs), any other state or regional transportation plan that includes pro- posed transportation projects (such as corridor analyses, regional transportation profiles, transportation improve- ment plans). • State wildlife action plans (SWAPs) (Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies 2012), or other conservation/land use plans that are mapped and have actionable priorities. Some plans may have buy-in across the state and thus offer a pre- endorsed plan. • Wetland Conservation Plans. • State lands and reserve plans. • State game and trust species management plans, including wildlife crossings. • State Natural Heritage or state natural area plans (see NatureServe 2012a). • State comprehensive outdoor recreation plans. • State open space plans. Local Agency plans • Local land use plans or comprehensive plans, green infra- structure plans (The Conservation Fund 2012); greenprint (The Trust for Public Land 2012) plans; • Land use and landcover; and • Local watershed restoration plans completed by state water quality agencies or local watershed organizations. These can include municipal water supply watershed plans. nongovernmental Organization plans • The Nature Conservancy’s (TNC’s) Eco-Regional Conser- vation Plans, covering all states in the United States. These may be especially useful when SWAPs lack mapped, action- able priorities (The Nature Conservancy 2012). • Other potential conservation areas that are widely adopted. • The Audubon Society’s Important Bird Areas plans, joint venture waterfowl or waterbird plans, or other various single-resource, focused, scientifically derived priority plans developed (Ducks Unlimited and Trout Unlimited). • Local and regional land trust plans developed with system- atic methods. data • Protected area data (see Conservation Biology Institute 2012; GreenInfo Network 2012); • National Conservation Easement Database (The Conser- vation Registry 2012); Lists and Sources for Plans and Data for Regional Ecological Frameworks

71 in a consensus process to develop publicly available inter­ face specifications. OpenGIS specifications support inter­ operable solutions (Open GeoSpatial Consortium 2012). The specifications empower technology developers to make complex spatial information and services accessible and useful with all kinds of applications. • National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC) is an organization committed to efficient and effective gov­ ernment through prudent adoption of geospatial informa­ tion technologies (National States Geographic Information Council 2012). • The National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a broad, collaborative program to provide increased access to data and information on the nation’s biological resources (National Biological Information Infrastructure 2012). It is also linked to the national/international Geo­ spatial One­Stop program described above. References Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies. 2012 State Wildlife Action Plans. www.wildlifeactionplan.org/. Accessed March 22, 2012. Conservation Biology Institute. 2012. Data Basin. http://databasin.org/. Accessed March 22, 2012. The Conservation Fund. 2012. The Conservation Fund: America’s Partner in Conservation. www.conservationfund.org/. Accessed March 22, 2012. The Conservation Registry. 2012. National Conservation Easement Database. www.conservationeasement.us/. Accessed March 22, 2012. Data.gov. 2012. Geo.Data.gov. www.geodata.gov. Accessed March 22, 2012. Federal Geographic Data Committee. 2012. http://registry.fgdc.gov/ browse.php?order=title. Accessed March 22, 2012. GreenInfo Network. 2012. U.S. Geological Survey Protected Areas Data­ base of the United States. www.protectedlands.net/padus/preview. php. Accessed March 22, 2012. Midwest Spatial Decision Support System Partnership. 2012. www.epa. gov/waterspace/toolpage.html. Accessed March 22, 2012. National Biological Information Infrastructure. n.d. www.nbii.gov/ portal/server.pt. Accessed 2011. National States Geographic Information Council. n.d. www.nsgic.org. Accessed March 22, 2012. The Nature Conservancy. 2012. www.nature.org/. Accessed March 22, 2012. NatureServe. 2012a. Ecosystem Based Management Tools Network. www.smartgrowthtools.org/ebmtools/index.php. Accessed April 25, 2012. NatureServe. 2012b. NatureServe Explorer. www.natureserve.org/ explorer/classeco.htm. Accessed March 22, 2012. Open GeoSpatial Consortium. 2012. OGC Standards and Supporting Documents. www.opengeospatial.org/standards/. Accessed March 22, 2012. PlaceMatters. 2012. Website home page. www.placematters.org/index. php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=85. Accessed March 22, 2012. The Trust for Public Land. 2012. Website home page. www.tpl.org/. Accessed March 22, 2012. • Natural Heritage Program Species Locations (NatureServe 2012b); • Predictive species modeling data; • Ecological systems or natural communities (NatureServe 2012b); • National Hydrography Dataset (U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]); • Soils (USGS), hydric soils data (Natural Resources Con­ servation Service); • Wetland and Watershed—NWI, local watershed plans by state or local organizations or municipal water supply water­ shed plans (e.g., wetlands of special state concern); • Impaired (303 d listed) streams (U.S. Environmental Pro­ tection Agency, state agencies); • Impervious surfaces (state or local government); • Floodplain (100­year; Federal Emergency Management Agency); and • Point sources (state government). Other Useful National Data Portals Examples of tools aimed at watershed protection are Place­ Matters (2012) and the Midwest Spatial Decision Support System Partnership (2012). • Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) tools are software or other highly documented methods that can help imple­ ment EBM by: (1) providing models of ecosystems or key ecosystem processes, (2) generating scenarios illustrating the consequences of different management decisions on natural resources and the economy, and (3) facilitating stakeholder involvement in a planning processes. The EBM Tools Network is an alliance of EBM tool developers, prac­ titioners, and training providers (NatureServe 2012a). • Geospatial One-Stop. National/international geospatial data clearinghouse and computer network of data servers/ portals. Available geographic data and metadata posted, shared, and coordinated with the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and Federal Geographic Data Com­ mittee, which provide individual web links for each national, state, regional, and local data portal/server that is part of the overall national/international data clearinghouse (Fed­ eral Geographic Data Committee 2012). The U.S. gov­ ernment also provides a search engine for various types of data and information across all data servers within the overall data clearinghouse (Data.gov 2012). • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC, OpenGIS). An inter­ national industry consortium of more than 300 compa­ nies, government agencies, and universities participating