National Academies Press: OpenBook

An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2 (2012)

Chapter: Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E - Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22804.
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128 A p p e n d i x e Ecosystem Services are the benefits provided by an ecosystem. Examples include clean air and water, water supply, habitat, climate regulation, recreation and aesthetic value, food, fiber and fuel, and natural hazard mitigation (e.g., floods). Placing a quantitative value on ecosystem services enables these ben- efits to be weighed against value generated by other uses of the land. This appendix contains numerous accounting tools and methods that have been developed to value various eco- system services (summarized in Table E.1). These methods may help practitioners in implementing steps five and six of the Integrated Ecological Framework—(5) Establish and Prioritize Ecological Actions and (6) Develop a crediting Strategy. Applied River Morphology D. Rosgen 1996 Provides a detailed explanation of the Rosgen stream clas- sification system and “how it might be used to incorporate the observed processes of river mechanics into restoration designs” (Rosgen 1996). Presents probable channel evolution scenarios based on existing channel and valley features to suggest potential future stream conditions. Based on field data but may have a geographic information system (GIS) component. Descriptive and quantitative output. • Intended use: Nationwide rivers and streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (Aries) University of Vermont A federally funded information science tool developed for web distribution that provides users a guided and intelligent way to assemble data, values, and issues. • Intended use: To help organizations or jurisdictions iden- tify issues and opportunities for understanding ecosystem services. A decision support system. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Basinwide Estimation of Habitat and Fish and Populations in Streams A. C. Dolloff, D. G. Hankin, and G. H. Reeves 1993 A sampling design for estimating total fish abundance and total fish habitat area within a watershed known as Basinwide Visual Estimation Technique (BVET). Based on field data but may have GIS component. Quantitative output. • Intended use: Small streams. Not limited to any single geo- graphic region, but was developed and has been most used in the western United States. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Program (BURP) Field Manual for Streams Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Burp Tac 2004 Initiated to help determine the existing uses and beneficial use support status of Idaho’s water bodies. BURP monitor- ing emphasizes sampling, analysis, and assessment of bio- logical assemblages and physical habitat structure of streams to ultimately support characterization of stream integrity and overall quality. The BURP Field Manual provides information needed for consistency and comparability of monitoring efforts among Idaho Department of Environmental Quality personnel Ecosystem Service Accounting Tools

129 material in the form of interim guidance on the design and implementation of offsets. • Intended use: To develop best practice on biodiversity off- sets for the BBOP partners • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown California Carbon Project Protocols California Climate Action Reserve There are a number of protocols developed for different credit actions. Most relevant is the December 2008 forest protocol applicable nationally. This quantifies only carbon sequestration. • Intended use: Carbon credit calculator • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM) Southern California Coastal Water Research Project A wetland functional assessment that looks at conditions and stressors. Allows for differing levels of detail based on use. The first step is classifying the wetland, then assigning scores for buffer and landscape context, hydrology, physical structure, and biotic structure. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization Method E. Hertz and J. Sartoris 2001 The purpose is to provide a watershed-based wetlands characterization method using GIS. Listed uses include to inform and support wetlands conservation and protection programs at the state, local, and national levels; as an aid in municipal and regional planning, including open space, habi- tat, and water quality planning; and to provide information on wetlands and affiliated upland systems for use in compen- satory mitigation situations. Nominal scale output units. • Intended use: Maine freshwater and marine wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown and other entities interested in following these methods. A descriptive, ordinal scale with quantitative output. • Intended use: Idaho streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown BushBroker Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment, Australia 2006 A trading scheme for registering and trading native vegeta- tion offset credits. Native vegetation credits are listed on the BushBroker register and these can be bought by another party and subsequently used as an offset for the approved clearing of native vegetation. • Intended use: Auction-based tool for managing offset mitigation • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown BushTender Program Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment, Australia This survey protocol develops habitat scores based on field site studies that can be conducted on large tracts of land. The resulting score has been used in trials for auction-based con- servation financing. • Intended use: Auction-based tools for restoration of native range and forest land • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Possible; cur- rently creates a landscape level score for trading based on biodiversity • Sensitivity: Coarse spatial scale, focused on a single eco- system • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Business and Biodiversity Offset Program (BBOP) Forest Trends An international partnership among companies, govern- ments, and conservation experts to explore biodiversity off- sets and develop the principles and methodologies required to support best practice in voluntary biodiversity offsets. BBOP has published a set of 10 principles on biodiversity supported unanimously by the 40 member organizations of the BBOP Advisory Committee, together with supporting

130 • Intended use: Nontidal wetlands of the outer coastal plain regions of Maryland and Delaware • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Descriptive Approach (Highway Methodology) USACE New England Regulatory Program 1999 To identify and display wetland functions and values acceptable for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Eng- land District Regulatory Program. This method can be used for any project for which the characterization of wetland resources is necessary for Section 404 permit requirements. • Intended use: New England wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Developing Rapid Methods for Analyzing Upland Riparian Functions and Values T. Hruby Environmental Management Vol. 43 No. 6 2009 A rapid assessment method for nonwetland riparian habi- tat in Washington state. Indicators are used to identify the potential of a site to provide a function, the potential of the landscape to support the function, and the value the function provides to society. • Intended use: To implement upland riparian laws in Washington • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Development of a Floristic Quality Assessment Methodology for Wisconsin Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2003 Developed to provide an intensive measure of wetland biological integrity based on the condition of the plant community. • Intended use: For use with the Wisconsin wetland monitor- ing program • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes City Green American Forests An ArcGIS package of models that calculates ecosystem services and economic value for stormwater, carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal, and water quality; also does analysis on user-defined landcover layer. • Intended use: Analysis tool for decision makers • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Combined Habitat Assessment Procedure (CHAP) and Habitat Evaluation Procedures Bonneville Power Administration and NW Habitat Institute Used to quantify the impact of hydroelectric projects and benefits of mitigation in the Pacific Northwest. CHAP is an evolution that allows for crediting out-of-kind habitats. Based on species-habitat associations. • Intended use: Integrated ecosystem services accounting • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: The system is sensitive to direct impacts from projects but can only measure change based on presence/ absence of habitat elements. Function-based accounting, but the functions are limited to those provided by species. Has more potential benefit as an assessment. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Method for the Evaluation of Inland Wetlands in Connecticut A. P. Ammann, R. W. Frazen, and J. L. Johnson Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 1986 To provide a method of wetland evaluation for use by public officials and others who have some familiarity with wetlands; to be used for wetland policy formation and analysis. This method is now known as the Connecticut Method. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Connecticut inland wetlands and water- courses • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Delaware Rapid Assessment A. D. Jacobs 2005 To assess the current condition of the wetland site and identify stressors that are present that are lowering the condi- tion of the site. Ordinal scale output.

131 the Millennium Assessment. Can be tailored to meet geog- raphy, habitat, and policy requirements. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment Model Mobrand Biometrics, Inc. and ICF Jones and Stokes Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) is a system for rating the quality, quantity, and diversity of habitat along a stream relative to the needs of a focal species, such as Coho or Chinook salmon. • Intended use: The methodology includes a conceptual framework for decision making and a set of modeling tools that organize environmental information and rate the hab- itat elements with regard to the focal species. In effect, it describes how the fish would rate conditions in a stream based on scientific understanding of their needs. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Ecosystem Valuation Methods Virginia Department of Forestry A package of models on a website that allows landowners to calculate potential ecosystem credits from their lands. Best available models are approved by agencies for use but are still early in development. • Intended use: Water quality • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Not likely because of the “still in development” nature of the models • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Protocols (EMAP) Environmental Protection Agency A series of assessment methods and guidance for monitor- ing ecological conditions and risks. • Intended use: Broad set of assessment tools for various resources • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Envision Oregon State University Envision is a GIS-based tool (beta version) for developing alternative-futures analysis used to model the landscape Eastern Kentucky Stream Assessment Protocol (eKY) USACE 2002 The eKY Protocol was developed to address the need for a headwater stream assessment procedure to assess potential impacts of projects proposed in the Eastern Kentucky Coal- field Region by applicants seeking authorization from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. In addition, the assessment protocol had to suggest requisite levels of compensatory mitigation efforts to offset the adverse impacts and identify applicable monitoring variables and success criteria to evaluate the success of miti- gation efforts. Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Eastern Kentucky coalfield physiographic region; first- to third-order streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: At the stream reach (minimum 100 m in length), plus a macroinvertebrate bioassessment index for headwater streams of the Eastern Coalfield Region • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Ecological Site Inventory Bureau of Land Management A descriptive tool used by Natural Resources Conservation Service to describe the baseline ecological conditions as part of natural resources planning. There are not quantitative ele- ments, so an extensive review was not conducted. • Intended use: Qualitative tool • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown EcoMetrix Parametrix An integrated function-based ecosystem services account- ing methodology that integrates resources and methodolo- gies allowing for decision-making analysis, crediting and trading, and environmental performance measurement monitoring. • Intended use: Integrated ecosystem services accounting • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: The methodology is very sensitive to direct impacts from projects—both restoration and development related, but can be used at the landscape scale. Function- based accounting based on ecosystem services identified by

132 • Intended use: U.S. wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Fairfax County Stream Physical Assessment Protocols Fairfax County Stormwater Management Branch 2001 Fairfax County developed a stream protection strategy as part of ongoing progress toward a watershed management program. The strategy includes methods that build on and incorporate extant bioassessment programs and allow the Stormwater Management Branch to better anticipate, pre- vent, prioritize, and correct adverse impacts to the county’s stream resources. The strategy incorporates biological sam- pling (e.g., benthic macroinvertebrates and fish) and rapid physical habitat and geomorphology assessments. Descrip- tive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Fairfax County small streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Field Manual for Ohio’s Headwater Habitat Streams R. Davic 2002 The Field Evaluation Manual for Ohio’s Primary Head- water Habitat Streams is intended to promote standardized assessment of actual and expected biological conditions in primary headwater habitat (PHWH) streams in Ohio. The principal regulatory or administrative impetus for develop- ment of the protocols was pursuant to water quality stan- dards (designated uses, water quality criteria, antidegradation) for the national pollution discharge elimination system (NPDES) program. The methods outlined in the Manual are designed to statistically differentiate among three quality classes (designated uses) of PHWH streams in Ohio: Class III PHWH stream (cool-cold water adapted native fauna); Class II PHWH stream (warm water adapted native fauna); Class I PHWH stream (ephemeral stream, normally dry channel). Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quan- titative output. • Intended use: Ohio; however, this method can be applied to other areas that have cold-cool spring-fed adapted biolog- ical communities of headwater salamander and benthic macroinvertebrate communities. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown impacts of various policy scenarios on land use change and accompanying biophysical impacts. Strongest applications are mapping the cumulative effects of multiple actions at multiple sites as the tool tracks impacts over time. Has the ability to plug in evaluative models (e.g., credit calculators). • Intended use: Created to conduct research about the nature and properties of coupled human and natural environ- mental systems in the context of climate change • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown but has connections to other credit calculators • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown EPA Oregon Stream Methodology EPA Identifies perennial and ephemeral streams in Oregon. Uses field indicators that identify evidence of flow. • Intended use: Water quality assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: No EPA Region 10 In-stream Biological Monitoring Handbook EPA and G. A. Hayslip 1993 To supplement the rapid bioassessment protocols (RBPs) (see Plafkin et al. 1989 Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrates and fish and Barbour et al. 1999) by illustrating how Region 10 States have adapted the RBPs for the northwestern United States; to define the minimum components necessary to conduct stream bioassessment; and to encourage consistency of sam- pling methods to facilitate data sharing. Ordinal scale, nomi- nal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Wadeable streams and rivers in Region 10 (WA, OR, and ID) • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Evaluation for Planned Wetlands (EPW) C. C. Bartoldus, E. W. Garbish, and M. L. Kraus 1994 To determine whether a planned wetland has been ade- quately designed to achieve defined wetland function goals. This method has also been used to assess conditions of exist- ing wetlands. Ordinal scale output.

133 • Intended use: Any vegetation community. Initially for Chi- cago, Illinois, but subsequently has been modified for use in a few additional states. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Freshwater Wetland Mitigation Quality Assessment Procedure New Jersey Department of Environmental Quality 2001 A wetland functional assessment that evaluates the relative probability that a constructed freshwater wetland will develop to approximate the functioning of natural wetlands over time. • Intended use: An informatory tool only • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Gravel Bed Instream Flows L. Schmidt and J. Potyondy 2004 To provide a methodology for estimating essential water flow regimes needed for the self-maintenance of gravel-bed stream channels. Quantitative output. • Intended use: Intermountain west. Perennial, unregulated, snowmelt-dominated, gravel-bed streams with alluvial reaches. This method is unlikely to work in arid environ- ments with ephemeral channels where hydrographs are flashy. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in North Carolina North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources 1995 A wetland functional assessment that assesses six wetland functions only for their effect on wetland values (societal benefit). • Intended use: Tool for making 401 Water Quality decisions on impacts and mitigation • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Fire Regime Condition Class FRCC 2005 To provide tools for fire, vegetation, and fuels assessment and management at both the landscape and stand levels. Methods are used to describe general landscape fire regime and vegetation-fuel characteristics. Descriptive, ordinal scale, and nominal scale output. • Intended use: Forests nationwide • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Florida Wetland Quality Index T. E. Lodge, H. O. Hillestad, S. W. Carney, and R. B. Darling 1995 A method for determining compensatory mitigation requirements for affected wetlands within the Everglades. • Intended use: To evaluate mitigation site compliance with regulatory requirements • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Florida Wetland Rapid Assessment Procedure South Florida Water Management District 1999 A rapid-assessment procedure designed to assess mitiga- tion projects with a habitat emphasis. It yields a single score that may be interpreted as condition. • Intended use: Assessing mitigation projects • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) F. Swink and G. Wilhelm 1979 To provide an objective standard (Floristic Quality Assessment Index) for describing the quality of plant com- munities. Used to make relative comparisons in environ- mental and natural resources management. Ordinal scale output.

134 series of statutory authorities, including CERCLA (Super- fund). Assigns a habitat functional score to each habitat unit in a site and multiplies that by the area. Time to being fully functional is also accounted for using a standard discount rate. The assessments allow for out-of-kind and off-site assessments, but are used only in response to and not in anticipation of natural resource damages. • Intended use: Integrated ecosystem services accounting • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Allows for measure- ment for mitigation but not necessarily credits per se • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) USFWS 1980 Assess the quality and quantity of available habitat for selected wildlife species by comparing the same area at differ- ent points in time or different areas at one point in time. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: All regions regularly inhabited by species for which habitat suitability index (HSI) models are available • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Hawaii Stream Bioassessment M. Kido 2002 To provide the tools and informational framework required to conduct meaningful water quality assessments aimed at restoring or maintaining the “biological integrity” of Hawaii’s streams. Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quan- titative output. • Intended use: Hawaii streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Heat Source Model Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Currently the Shade-a-Lator tool within the Heat Source model is being used to calculate temperature credits in the Willamette. Requires data from GIS and field collection. • Intended use: Water quality assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes Guidebook for Hydrogeomorphic (HGM)-Based Assessment of Oregon Wetland and Riparian Sites P. R. Adamus and D. Field 2001 An HGM reference-based assessment restricted to Wil- lamette Valley ecoregion riverine impounding and slopes/ flats wetlands. Addresses both functions and values for these subclasses. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Guidelines for Evaluating Fish Habitat in Wisconsin T. D. Simonson, J. Lyons, P. D. Kanehl 1993 To establish a standardized general protocol “that can be used when conducting any stream habitat survey, evaluation, monitoring program, appraisal, or special project. When pre- cise, defensible methods are needed to substantiate manage- ment objectives, priorities, or effectiveness [of management treatments]” (Simonson et al. 1993). Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Wisconsin and adjacent states. Permanent, wadeable streams. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown The Habitat Assessment Model: A Tool to Improve Wildlife Habitat Management G. Wockner, R. Boone, N. T. Hobbs, and D. Freddy 2005 To aid managers in discerning the relationships between wildlife populations (for elk and mule deer) and habitat sus- tainability. The model produces a range of population values with related management implications (e.g., grazing, burn- ing) that can be used in the planning process. Developed to resolve fence and forage conflicts on private and public lands. Quantitative output. • Intended use: Colorado terrestrial habitat • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) NOAA Developed to calculate the credits needed to identify impacts for Natural Resource Damage Assessments under a

135 Wetlands, Vol. 24 No. 4 2004 To evaluate the biological integrity of marsh bird commu- nities and assess estuarine wetland condition. This method is known as the Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware) tidal wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) K. Bovee 2004 IFIM is a tool to assess in-stream flow problems, ranging from simple diversions to complex storage and release schemes. It provides resources managers with a decision support sys- tem for determining the benefits or consequences of different water management alternatives. Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: National • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines—Potential Impact Index (PII) USFWS 2003 PII is a protocol that allows the user to evaluate potential development sites using checklists and rank them against a reference site. Objectives are to: (1) assist developers in decid- ing whether to proceed with development; (2) provide a pro- cedure to determine preconstruction study needs to verify use of potential sites by wildlife; and (3) provide recommen- dations for monitoring potential sites after construction to identify, quantify, or verify actual impacts (or lack thereof). • Intended use: To assist the wind energy industry in avoiding or minimizing impacts to wildlife and their habitats • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: The Physical Attri- butes, Species Occurrence and Status, and Ecological Attractiveness groupings in this protocol should serve as a model framework; the terrain features, species, and condi- tions used in these groupings will be dictated by local con- ditions and should be developed by wildlife biologists familiar with the region in which this protocol is being used. • Sensitivity: Focuses on a single component of water quality. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Hydrogeomorphic Method (HGM) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/EPA/FHWA National methodology for wetland impacts and mitigation. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Idaho Small Stream Ecological Assessment Framework C. S. Grafe 2002 To assess aquatic life use support for small streams using biological indicators, habitat data, and numeric water quality criteria. The document provides detailed technical infor- mation concerning the development and integration of the Stream Macroinvertebrate Index (SMI), Stream Fish Index (SFI), and Stream Habitat Index (SHI) used in the aquatic life use support determination. Ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Medium and large rivers in mountainous settings in Idaho • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Index of Biological Integrity (IBI): Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, and Plants J. Karr 1981 To assess biological integrity of a habitat using one of the four (birds, fish, invertebrates, and plants) as indicators of relative condition of a selected habitat. Ordinal scale and quantitative. • Intended use: Nationwide in most habitat types • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: Sensitive for the four specific biotic groups (birds, fish, invertebrates, and plants) in relation to habitat • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Influence of Land Use on the Integrity of Marsh Bird Communities of Chesapeake Bay, USA W. V. Deluca, C. E. Studds, L. L. Rockwood, and P. P. Marra

136 • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Via monetary equivalents Maryland Green Infrastructure Assessment: A Comprehensive Strategy for Land Conservation and Restoration T. Weber 2003 To help identify and prioritize those areas of greatest state- wide ecological importance and those at greatest risk of loss to development. Nominal scale output. • Intended use: Maryland • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown MDT Montana Wetland Assessment Method J. Berglund 1999 To evaluate wetland function and values. Designed to address highway and other linear projects but can be applied to other types of projects, including mitigation. Nominal and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Montana wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Methods for Assessing Wetland Functions. Volume I: Riverine and Depressional Wetlands in the Lowlands of Western Washington Washington State Department of Ecology 1999 An HGM reference-based assessment restricted to depres- sional and riverine class wetlands located in Washington’s western lowlands. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Methods for Assessing Wetland Functions. Volume II: Depressional Wetlands in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington Washington State Department of Ecology 2000 An HGM reference-based assessment restricted to depres- sional class wetlands located in Washington’s Columbia Basin. • Sensitivity: Acknowledges that each proposed development site is unique because of local differences in wildlife con- centration and movement patterns, and requires detailed, individual evaluation. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown InVEST Natural Capital Project A package of models in an ArcGIS extension that calculates ecosystem services based on land use/landcover and pack- aged assumptions about service provision by landcover type. • Intended use: Integrated ecosystem services accounting • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: Scoring is based on landscape scale data inputs. Not sensitive to direct impacts caused by implementing projects. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes King County Functional Equivalency Evaluation System (KC-FEES) King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks and Department of Development and Environmental Resources 2008 A methodology to provide a standardized procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and aquatic areas, the amount those functions are reduced by impacts, and the amount of mitigation required to offset the loss. • Intended use: Establishes a system for determining the amount of mitigation needed to offset adverse impacts to wetlands and aquatic areas. The system also is designed to award and deduct credits through the King County Mitiga- tion Reserves Program. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: A standardized procedure at the site level for assessing wetland and aquatic function • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes LandServer Pinchot Institute for Conservation LandServer is a tool for landowners, managers, and gov- ernments to identify ecosystem service production opportu- nities on their lands. The tool is under development with a current pilot test running in the Chesapeake region. It is a secondary data GIS-based tool that works to identify pay- ment for ecosystem services options for landowners. • Intended use: Mid-Atlantic and then national • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes

137 • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Overview of the Michigan Rivers Inventory (MRI) Project P. W. Seelbach and M. J. Wiley 1997 Identify and describe naturally occurring, ecologically dis- tinct, spatial units in river (Michigan Valley Segment Ecologi- cal Classification-Inventory). Uses include inventory, research (sampling designs based on stratification of river valley seg- ment types), and basis for resource management. Descriptive output. • Intended use: Lower Michigan. Currently being revised for application for entire states of Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Minnesota Habitat and Water Chemistry Protocol Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) 2002 To support assessment of water quality and development of biological criteria for Minnesota streams. These proce- dures are also applicable for U.S. EPA Environmental Moni- toring and Assessment Program (EMAP) stations and sites suspected of being affected by a source of pollution. Descrip- tive and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Minnesota wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Minnesota Routine Assessment Method (MnRAM) Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources Wetland functional assessment. Starts with assessment of vegetation then asks 72 questions to develop functional indices. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Minnesota Routine Assessment Method (MnRAM) (Updated Version) Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources 2007 • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4052 F. A. Fitzpatrick, I. R. Waite, P. J. D’Arconte, M. R. Meador, M. A. Maupin, and M. E. Gurtz 1998 To assess status and trends in water quality nationwide and develop an understanding of the major factors influencing observed conditions and trends. Descriptive and quantitative output. • Intended use: Nationwide streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Methods for Evaluating Stream, Riparian, and Biotic Conditions W. S. Platts, M. F. Walter, and M. G. Wayne 1983 Platts et al. (1983) presents standard techniques for mea- suring aquatic, riparian, and biotic attributes and stresses the precision and accuracy of each measurement. In this way, the authors aim to provide the field practitioner with tools and information to build on and evaluate for assessing particular aquatic habitat and biological features. Later publications expand upon Platts et al. (1983) with a “comprehensive set of the latest methods for . . . use in managing, evaluating, and monitoring riparian conditions.” Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Nationwide • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys, Aquatic Inventories Project Oregon Department of Natural Resources Developed to monitor habitat conditions for Oregon streams. • Intended use: Streams and rivers • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No

138 • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Method for the Comparative Evaluation of Nontidal Wetlands in New Hampshire A. P. Ammann and A. L. Stone 1991 To provide a method of wetland evaluation for use by pub- lic officials and others who have some familiarity with wet- lands but who are not necessarily wetland specialists. Known as the New Hampshire Method, this is used for planning, edu- cation, and wetland inventory. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: New Hampshire nontidal wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown A Watershed-based Wetland Assessment Method for the New Jersey Pinelands R. A. Zampella, R. G. Lathrop, J. A. Bognar, L. J. Craig, and K. J. Laidig 1994 GIS-based method (the New Jersey Watershed Method) for assessing watershed and wetland integrity and the poten- tial impact to this integrity. Created to enable a comparative assessment of all watersheds and wetlands in the New Jersey Pinelands. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: New Jersey Pinelands; could apply to other riverine wetland types • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown North Carolina Coastal Region Evaluation of Wetland Significance: A Report of the Strategic Plan for Improving Coastal Management in North Carolina L. A. Sutter, J. B. Stanfill, D. M. Haupt, C. J. Bruce, and J. E. Wuenscher 1999 Designed to predict the relative ecological significance and assess the level of water quality, wildlife habitat, and hydro- logic functions of individual wetlands using a watershed- based model in GIS software. Nominal scale output. • Intended use: North Carolina coastal region wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown The original 1992 version of MnRAM was developed to provide a practical assessment tool that would help local authorities make sound wetland management decisions as they assumed responsibility for regulating wetland impacts. The current version represents a more refined procedure that provides numeric, rather than the original descriptive, ratings. It may be applied to existing wetlands or potential restoration sites. Descriptive and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Northern Great Plains Prairie Pothole Region wetlands within watershed context, including open water bodies and streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Montana Stream Mitigation Process U.S. Army Corps of Engineers–Omaha Uses indicators of riparian functions to assign a broader range of trading ratios. • Intended use: Water quality assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Montana Wetland Rapid Assessment Method Montana Department of Environmental Quality 2005 A wetland rapid assessment that looks at ecological integ- rity (condition) of a wetland. • Intended use: Field-based screening level assessment tool used to help identify and prioritize wetlands within a water- shed or region for protection and restoration • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Multi-Scale Assessment of Watershed Integrity (MAWI) R. D. Smith 2003 To provide a baseline (current condition) assessment of riparian ecosystem integrity at the watershed scale. Once completed, the assessment can be used to evaluate potential impacts of future development on riparian areas within a watershed or to help prioritize areas for riparian restoration. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Watersheds of California (i.e., watersheds that drain to the Pacific Ocean) and riparian ecosystems and streams, including adjacent upland areas

139 Wetland Antidegradation Rule. The use of the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method should not be considered as a substitute, and is not intended to be a substitute, for detailed studies of the functions and biology of a wetland. • Intended use: The method is designed to identify the appropriate level of regulatory protection a particular wetland should receive. It is not designed or intended to be used to determine a particular wetland’s ecologic or human value. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Oregon Rapid Wetlands Assessment Protocol (ORWAP) Adamus Being developed as a rapid functional assessment combin- ing visual assessments and collection of spatial data. Consid- ers both wetland functions and conditions. • Intended use: Wetland assessment for regulatory compliance • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes. Currently being integrated into the EcoMetrix method library. Agate Desert Vernal Pool Final Draft Functional Assessment Methodology P. Adamus 2007 The Oregon Vernal Pool Method is meant to provide a technique that (1) assesses four major functions and seven values of vernal pool wetlands; (2) is standardized and rapid (in the sense that the procedure can be completed in 1 day or less); (3) is well-documented with scientific literature, mainly from Oregon; and (4) can be used to prioritize vernal pool complexes and compare them before and after restoration or impact. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Oregon individual vernal pools and vernal pool complexes in nonforested lowlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Pfankuch Channel Stability D. J. Pfankuch 1975 To provide information about the resistance of a channel to erosive forces acting upon its bed and banks and to suggest • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown A Numerical Method and Supporting Database for Evaluation of Maine Peatlands as Candidate Natural Areas R. B. Davis and D. S. Anderson 1999 A quantitative method of evaluation of the natural features of peatlands, providing the fundamental tool for establishing peatland protection priorities. Nominal and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Maine peatlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Nutrient Trading Tool (NTT) Powered by the APEX Model USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Developed by NRCS to calculate nitrogen credits. Has expanded to include phosphorous, and can also calculate sediments. It is powered by the APEX model, which is a run- off based model. No field-level data are required. A farmer can input crop types, fertilizer use, irrigation patterns, and best management practices (BMPs). Future add-ons will include water quantity and carbon calculations. • Intended use: Water quality assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: Site-level Sensitivity that incorporates condi- tion and management practice. • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes NutrientNet Powered by EPIC World Resources Institute NutrientNet is a web-based platform customized for each watershed to support nutrient trading. It has a credit calcula- tor, registry, and exchange function. Very similar to Nutrient Trading Tool but perhaps not as powerful. • Intended use: Water quality assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands, Version 5.0 Ohio EPA, Division of Surface Water 2001 The Ohio Rapid Assessment Method is designed to aid in the determination of wetland categories as defined in Ohio’s

140 Rapid Assessment Method for Oregon Tidal Fringe Wetlands (RAM) P. Adamus 2006 To provide a technique that (1) assesses 13 recognized wet- land functions and values of tidal marshes, (2) is standardized and rapid (in the sense that the procedure can be completed in 1 day or less), (3) is well-documented with scientific litera- ture, and (4) can be used to compare tidal wetlands before and after restoration or impact. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Oregon tidal wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish, second edition M. T. Barbour, J. Gerritsen, B. D. Snyder, and J. B. Stribling U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 Developed to provide “a practical technical reference for conducting cost-effective biological assessments of lotic systems.” • Intended use: Rapid assessments of streams and rivers. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Rapid Stream Assessment Technique Field Methods (RSAT) J. Galli 1996 To provide a simple, rapid reconnaissance-level assessment of stream quality conditions on a watershed scale. Descriptive and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Maryland Piedmont nonlimestone streams with a watershed of approximately 100–150 square miles • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown The Baldwin County Wetland Conservation Plan: Final Summary Document C. Stallman, K. McIlwain, and D. Lemoine 2005 Assess wetlands in the project area to categorize them as suitable for conservation, enhancement, or restoration (known as Remote Functional Wetland Assessment Model [RFWAM]). Nominal and ordinal scale output. the capacity of streams to recover from changes in flow or increases in sediment. Nominal and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: U.S. Forest Service Northern Region • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) U.S. Geological Survey The purpose of PHABSIM is to simulate a relationship between streamflow and physical habitat for various life stages of a species of fish or a recreational activity. The basic objective of physical habitat simulation is to obtain a repre- sentation of the physical stream so that the stream may be linked, through biological considerations, to the social, polit- ical, and economic world. • Intended use: Discharge and habitat assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Proper Functioning Condition Bureau of Land Management Uses the Ecological Site Inventory results to calculate con- ditions for riparian areas. There do not appear to be quantita- tive, objective, or clear measures attached to this. It is more of a framework. No detailed review was conducted. • Intended use: Riparian assessment tool • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) Midwest Biodiversity Institute for Ohio Environmental Protection Agency To provide a rapid, reproducible measure of stream habitat generally corresponding to the physical stream factors that affect fish communities and other aquatic life. Results in an index (scale 0 to 100), representing an evaluation of a stream’s macrohabitat characteristics that are important to fish com- munities relative to streams within a given watershed or region. • Intended use: Habitat assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes

141 Savannah’s Standard Operating Procedure: Mitigation U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah Uses indicators of wetland functions and stream functions to assign a broader range of trading ratios. • Intended use: Wetlands and surface water assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Soil Management Assessment Framework S. S. Andrews, D. L. Karlen, C. A. Cambardella 2004 To enhance and extend current soil assessment efforts by presenting a framework for assessing the impact of soil man- agement practices on soil function. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Agricultural lands; intended as a national framework, to be modified as necessary for more local use • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown South Australian Biodiversity Assessment Tool (SABAT) Government of South Australia, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation The Biodiversity Significance Index (BSI) factors three components into its assessment of biodiversity values: Conser- vation Significance (CS), Landscape Context (LC), and Habitat Condition (HC). The value of SABAT: a standardized/ objective indexing framework, vegetation association bench- marks, compares apples with oranges in standardized “fruit units,” provides for regional/state/larger BSI, makes com- plex evaluations simple, spatial database in-field operations, provides “condition” benchmark for ongoing monitoring, allows roll-up for regional Monitoring and Evaluation framework. • Intended use: Southern Australia: multiple habitat types • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Yes • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Southern California Riparian Ecosystem Assessment (SCREAM) E. Stein, M. Sutula, and A. Olson-Callahan 2004 To assess hydrology, sediment processes, habitat support, and biogeochemistry components of riparian habitat using • Intended use: Alabama Gulf Shore depressional, riverine, and flat wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Remotely Sensed Indicators for Monitoring the General Condition of “Natural Habitat” in Watersheds: An Application for Delaware’s Nanticoke River Watershed Ecological Indicators R. W. Tiner 2004 To characterize and assess trends in the general ecological condition of watersheds using a set of remotely sensed indi- cators of “natural habitat integrity.” Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Nationwide; all habitats within a watershed • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Riparian Community Type Classification of Utah and Southeastern Idaho—Inventory W. G. Padgett, A. P. Youngblood, and A. H. Winward 1989 Provides a riparian community type classification system for use in the inventory of lands administered by the USDA Forest Service in Utah and southern Idaho. Descriptive output. • Intended use: Utah and southeast Idaho riparian communities • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Rouge River Project Rapid Assessment Method D. Tilton, B. Fahey, and D. Merkey 1997 Provides a regional evaluation of the condition of wetland (river and lake) resources to aid in the development of a watershed management plan. Nominal scale output. • Intended use: Michigan Rouge River watershed • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown

142 • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Stream Channel Reference Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique C. C. Harrelson, C. L. Rawlins, and J. P. Potyondy 1994 Provides techniques from numerous published sources for collecting a minimum set of high-quality data necessary to quantify the physical character of streams for monitoring, impact assessment, inventory, response to management actions, etc. Descriptive and quantitative output. • Intended use: Nationwide wadeable streams • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Stream Corridor Assessment Survey Protocols (SCA) K. T. Yetman 2001 To rapidly assess the general physical condition of a stream system and identify the location of a variety of common envi- ronmental problems within the stream’s corridor. Not intended to be a detailed scientific survey, it provides a rapid method of examining an entire drainage network to target future moni- toring, management, or conservation efforts. One of the main goals is a prioritized list of problems to be corrected through- out an entire watershed. Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Maryland wadeable streams and rivers • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Stream Impact Assessment Manual for the Northern Virginia Stream Bank Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. 2006 The purpose of the Manual is to describe a system whereby the user can rapidly assess the condition of a stream, in a repeatable manner, without specialized equipment or signifi- cant training. • Intended use: Intended for use by regulatory agencies and the regulated public using the Clean Water Act and Vir- ginia Water Protection permits that use compensation in the Northern Virginia Stream Bank. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No a watershed-based model in GIS software. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Southern California riparian areas • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Spatial Wetland Assessment for Management and Planning (SWAMP) L. Sutter 2001 To assess the level of water quality, wildlife habitat, and hydrologic functions of individual wetlands using a watershed- based model in GIS software. Nominal scale output. • Intended use: Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto River Basin, South Carolina tidal and riverine wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Stream and Riparian Habitats Rapid Assessment Protocol R. R. Starr and T. McCandless 2001 Provides a comprehensive stream and riparian corridor assessment and inventory protocol for use by trained prac- titioners to rapidly identify, assess, and prioritize physical stream corridor conditions. Ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Chesapeake Bay stream and riparian habitats • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Stream Assessment in the Virginia Coastal Zone: Development of a Significant New Database and Interactive Assessment Application S. McIninich, G. Garman, L. Smock, C. Viverette, W. Shuart, and E. Franks 2004 Development of a multivariate model of reference stream conditions for the Virginia Coastal Zone using biological, ecological, and geomorphological variables. • Intended use: Virginia Coastal zone stream assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No

143 fies gains and losses by developing a multiplier applied to area. Considers landscape support, water environment, and community structure. Also applies factors for time lag for recovery and risk of project failure. • Intended use: Wetland mitigation credit calculations • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Manual 10: Unified Stream Assessment: A User’s Manual Urban Subwatershed Restoration Manual Series Center for Watershed Protection (Maryland) 2005 The Unified Stream Assessment is a rapid technique to locate and evaluate problems and restoration opportunities within an urban stream corridor in Maryland. • Intended use: Maryland subwatershed restoration planning • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: No Variables for Assessing Reasonable Mitigation in New Transportation (VARMINT) Vermont Agency of Natural Resources 2004 To provide a framework to lessen and mitigate impacts to terrestrial environments. Nominal and ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Pennsylvania. Habitat not stated but implied that the framework is applicable to most habitats within a project area including, but not limited to, shrubland, for- est, prairie, wetlands, and riparian areas. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment Protocol Handbooks Vermont Agency of Natural Resources 2003 The Handbooks have a focus on those watershed processes and features critical to its riparian corridor management objectives. • Intended use: The purpose of the assessment protocols is to provide a phased method for gathering information that can be used for watershed planning and detailed character- ization of riparian and in-stream habitat, stream-related • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Subjective Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks 2004 To provide a rapid holistic evaluation based on subjective assessments of physical, biological, and chemical parameters of the aquatic system. Descriptive, ordinal scale, and nominal scale output. • Intended use: Kansas ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial streams and small impoundments or large lakes • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Technique for the Functional Assessment of Non-Tidal Wetlands in the Coastal Plain of Virginia Virginia Institute of Marine Science 1991 A wetland functional assessment based on WET that assesses functions of nontidal wetlands in the coastal plain of Virginia. Output is a rating system of high, medium, and low relative probability that a wetland has the opportunity to perform or be effective at performing a function. • Intended use: To evaluate the relationships among vegeta- tion structure, function, and landscape position. Has been largely phased-out by HGM models. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Temperature Trading Platform Oregon State University Tool that allows landowners to draw a reach for riparian shade and estimate the temperature credits created. The tool is powered by a derivative of the Heat Source model rather than the Shade-a-Lator. Wetted width and some data still need to be collected in the field, but most runs on spatial GIS layers. • Intended use: Temperature credit calculator • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM) Florida Department of Environmental Protection A functional assessment for wetlands and surface waters but also applicable to several terrestrial habitat types. Quanti-

144 • Intended use: Washington. Primarily aquatic habitat in streams, riparian areas, and standing water bodies. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Washington State Wetlands Function Assessment Program (WFAP) Washington State Department of Ecology The Wetlands Function Assessment Project was a statewide effort to develop relatively rapid, scientifically acceptable methods of assessing how well wetlands perform functions such as improving water quality, reducing floods, and provid- ing wildlife habitat. The methods were developed for differ- ent wetland types in Washington state. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Washington State Wetland Rating System (Western and Eastern Versions) Washington State Department of Ecology 1993; 2002 Washington’s wetland rating system evaluates functions and special characteristics weighted heavily on the opportu- nity of a wetland to perform a particular function. Also evalu- ates sensitivity to disturbance, rarity, and inability to replace. • Intended use: Wetland assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Watershed Vulnerability Analysis J. Zielinski 2002 To identify and classify subwatersheds that are vulnerable to changes in land use based on estimates of current and future impervious cover and to identify subwatersheds that warrant restoration actions. Descriptive output. • Intended use: Streams within subwatersheds. The model was based on research in the Pacific Northwest and Mid- Atlantic regions. However, supporting data exist for the Northeast, Upper Midwest, and Southeast. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown erosion, and flood hazards. The information will be used for basin planning; river and riparian corridor protection, management, and restoration projects; aquatic and ripar- ian habitat assessment; and hazard assessment to reduce property loss and damage from riverine erosion during floods. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Visual Stream Assessment Protocol Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) NRCS has a number of protocols used by field staff to iden- tify baseline farm conditions and design conservation plans. Most are visual assessments that provide general scores of conditions. • Intended Use: Water Quality Assessment • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Wadeable Stream Assessment Field Ops EPA 2004 Contains the field operations and bioassessment methods for evaluating the health and biological integrity of wade- able freshwater streams throughout the United States. These methods can be used to determine stream conditions or monitor the effects of impacts on aquatic organisms, par- ticularly benthic macro invertebrates. Descriptive, ordinal scale, nominal scale, and quantitative output. • Intended use: Nationwide. Wadeable streams (generally stream orders 1–3, or higher orders in arid to semi-arid regions of the United States). Intermittent or ephemeral streams can be sampled using the WSA Field Ops protocols but only when water is present in the channel. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Washington Aquatic Habitat Design Guidelines K. Saldi-Caromile, K. K. Bates, P. Skidmore, and J. Barenti 2004 To characterize the present (or historic) state of habitat and the processes that create and maintain it so that problems and appropriate restoration options and obstacles can be identified and prioritized. No output units are defined.

145 • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Wildlife Habitat Appraisal Procedure (WHAP) R. Frye 1995 To allow a qualitative holistic evaluation of wildlife habitat for particular tracts of land statewide (Texas) without impos- ing significant time requirements. WHAP is intended to be used for (1) evaluating impacts upon wildlife populations from development project alternatives, (2) establishing base- line conditions, (3) comparing tracts of land that are candi- dates for land acquisition or mitigation, and (4) evaluating general habitat quality and wildlife management potential for tracts of land over large geographical areas. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Texas. Based on list of habitat classes; seems to represent all upland and wetland habitat in Texas (e.g., swamp, cultivated wetlands, water including ponds, and water treatment facilities, urban areas, dunes, beach). • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Wisconsin Rapid Assessment Methodology for Evaluating Wetland Functional Values Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 1992 A wetland functional assessment to evaluate and provide a measure of wetland function. • Intended use: For use with making routine Section 404 per- mit application decisions. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Wisconsin Wetland Assessment Methodology (WIRAM) Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2001 To provide a standardized process for the professional to evaluate the extent to which a specific wetland performs a given function. Descriptive output. • Intended use: Wisconsin wetlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Watershed-Based Preliminary Assessment of Wetland Functions (W-PAWF) R. W. Tiner 2003 To provide a preliminary assessment of wetland functions based on enhanced National Wetlands Inventory digital data. The assessment uses a combination of wetland classifications, specifically the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s official system (see Cowardin et al. 1979, Classification of Wetlands and Deep- water Habitats of the United States) and the classification system to enhance the NWI by adding landscape position, landform, water flow path, and waterbody (LLWW) descrip- tors for landscape position, landform, water flow path, and water body type (see Tiner’s 2003 article in Wetlands, Estimated extent of geographically isolated wetlands in selected areas of the United States). Descriptive and nominal scale output. • Intended use: Wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, but the emphasis for functional assessment is on wet- lands, including shallow open water bodies such as ponds. Developed for all regions of the United States; however, the correlations focus on the Northeastern United States. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: Unknown • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Unknown Wetland Evaluation Technique (WET) P. R. Adamus, E. J. Clairain, R. D. Smith, and R. E. Young 1987 WET is an initial, rapid assessment of wetland functions, designed to assess the qualitative probability that a wetland function will occur. WET has been superseded by recently developed more rigorous reference-based, regionally specific methods. • Intended use: Wetland consultants. • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No • Sensitivity: Unknown • Capability of being integrated into multiresource credit: Yes Wetland Value Assessment Methodology (WVA) Environmental Work Group 2002 Estimates wetland benefits of proposed wetland restora- tion projects submitted for funding under the Coastal Wet- lands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act (CWPPRA). The application in the plan formulation process is described in the 2006 U.S. Geological Survey. Ordinal scale output. • Intended use: Louisiana coast marshlands • Ability to calculate multiresource credit: No

146 Table E.1. Summary Overview Method Intended Use Multiresource Credit Integrate into Multiresource Applied River Morphology Method River classification No Unknown Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (AIRES) Decision support system Unknown Unknown Basinwide Visual Estimation Technique (BVET) Fish abundance and habitat estimation No Unknown Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Program (BURP) Field Manual for Streams Stream assessment Unknown Unknown BushBroker Native vegetation offset credit trading No Unknown BushTender Program Native vegetation credit trading Possible Unknown Business and Biodiversity Offset Program (BBOP) Development of offset best management practices (BMPs) No Unknown California Carbon Project Protocols Carbon credit calculator Unknown Unknown California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM) Wetland assessment No Yes Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization Method Wetland assessment No Unknown City Green Integrated ecosystem services assessment Unknown Unknown Combined Habitat Assessment Procedure (CHAP) Integrated ecosystem services accounting Yes Yes Connecticut Method Wetland assessment No Unknown Delaware Rapid Assessment Wetland assessment No Unknown Descriptive Approach (Highway Methodology) Wetland assessment No Unknown Developing Rapid Methods for Analyzing Upland Riparian Functions and Values Riparian (upland) assessment No Yes Development of a Floristic Quality Assessment Methodology for Wisconsin Floristic quality assessment No Yes Eastern Kentucky Stream Assessment Protocol (eKY) Stream assessment Yes Unknown Ecological Site Inventory Qualitative tool No Unknown EcoMetrix Integrated ecosystem services accounting Yes Yes Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment Model Stream assessment No Yes Ecosystem Valuation Methods Integrated ecosystem services accounting Unlikely Unknown Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Protocols (EMAP) Assessment tools Unknown Unknown Envision Water quality assessment Unknown Unknown EPA Oregon Stream Methodology Water quality assessment No No EPA Region 10 In-stream Biological Monitoring Handbook Stream assessment Unknown Unknown Evaluation for Planned Wetlands (EPW) Wetland assessment No Unknown Fairfax County Stream Physical Assessment Protocols Stream assessment No Unknown Field Manual for Ohio’s Headwater Habitat Streams Water quality assessment No Unknown Fire Regime Condition Class Vegetation assessment No Unknown Florida Wetland Quality Index Wetland assessment No Yes Florida Wetland Rapid Assessment Procedure Wetland assessment No Yes (continued on next page)

147 (continued on next page) Method Intended Use Multiresource Credit Integrate into Multiresource Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) Vegetation assessment No Unknown Freshwater Wetland Mitigation Quality Assessment Procedure Wetland assessment No Yes Gravel Bed Instream Flows Stream assessment No Unknown Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in North Carolina Wetland assessment No Yes Guidebook for Hydrogeomorphic (HGM)-based Assessment of Oregon Wetland and Riparian Sites: Willamette Valley Riverine Impounding and Slopes/Flats Subclasses Wetland assessment No Yes Guidelines for Evaluating Fish Habitat in Wisconsin Stream habitat assessment No Unknown Habitat Assessment Model Terrestrial habitat assessment No Unknown Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) Integrated ecosystem services accounting No credits Unknown Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Habitat assessment No Unknown Hawaii Stream Bioassessment Stream assessment No Unknown Heat Source Model Water quality assessment Yes Unknown Hydrogeomorphic Method (HGM) Wetland assessment No Yes Idaho Small Stream Ecological Assessment Framework Stream assessment No Unknown Index of Biological Integrity (IBI): Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, and Plants Habitat assessment Yes Unknown Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity Habitat and wetland assessment No Unknown Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) Stream assessment No Unknown Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines—Potential Impact Index (PII) Site evaluation Yes Unknown InVEST Integrated ecosystem services accounting Yes Unknown King County Functional Equivalency Evaluation System (KC-FEES) Wetland and aquatic assessment and credit calculator Yes Yes Maryland Green Infrastructure Assessment Habitat assessment No Unknown MDT Montana Wetland Assessment Method Wetland assessment No Unknown Methods for Assessing Wetland Functions: Volume I: Riverine and Depressional Wetlands in the Lowlands of Western Washington Wetland assessment No Yes Methods for Assessing Wetland Functions: Volume II: Depressional Wetlands in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington Wetland assessment No Yes Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the Natural Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) Stream assessment No Unknown Methods for Evaluating Stream Conditions Stream assessment No Unknown Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys, Aquatic Inventories Project, ODFW Stream assessment No Yes Michigan Valley Segment Ecological Classification—Inventory Stream assessment No Unknown Minnesota Habitat and Water Chemistry Protocol Water quality assessment No Unknown Minnesota Routine Assessment Method (MnRAM) Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown Montana Stream Mitigation Process Water quality assessment Unknown Unknown Montana Wetland Rapid Assessment Method Wetland assessment No Yes Multi-scale Assessment of Watershed Integrity (MAWI) Ecosystem integrity No Unknown New Hampshire Method Wetland assessment No Unknown Table E.1 Summary Overview (continued)

148 Table E.1. Summary Overview (continued) Method Intended Use Multiresource Credit Integrate into Multiresource New Jersey Watershed Method Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown North Carolina Coastal Region Evaluation of Wetland Significance (NC CREWS) Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown Numerical Method for Evaluation of Maine Peatlands Peatland assessment Unknown Unknown Nutrient Trading Tool (NTT) Water quality assessment Yes Yes NutrientNet Water quality assessment Yes Unknown Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands, Version 5.0 Wetland assessment No Yes Oregon Rapid Wetlands Assessment Protocol (ORWAP) Wetland assessment No Yes Oregon Vernal Pool Method Wetland assessment No Unknown Pfankuch Channel Stability Stream assessment No Unknown Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) Discharge and habitat assessment No Yes Proper Functioning Condition Riparian assessment No Unknown Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) Habitat assessment No Yes Rapid Assessment Method for Oregon Tidal Fringe Wetlands (RAM) Wetland assessment No Yes Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish Stream and river Assessment No Yes Rapid Stream Assessment Technique Field Methods (RSAT) Stream assessment No Unknown Remote Functional Wetland Assessment Model (RFWAM) Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown Remotely Sensed Indicators for Monitoring Condition of Natural Habitat in Watersheds Habitat assessment No Unknown Riparian Community Type Classification of Utah and Southeastern Idaho—Inventory Riparian community classification No Unknown Rouge River Project Rapid Assessment Method Wetland assessment No Unknown Savannah’s Standard Operating Procedure—Mitigation Wetlands and water assessment Unknown Unknown Soil Management Assessment Framework Soil assessment No Unknown South Australian Biodiversity Assessment Tool (SABAT) Habitat assessment Yes Unknown Southern California Riparian Ecosystem Assessment (SCREAM) Riparian habitat assessment Unknown Unknown Spatial Wetland Assessment for Management and Planning (SWAMP) Water quality, habitat, and hydro- logic function assessment No Unknown Stream and Riparian Habitats Rapid Assessment Protocol Stream and riparian habitat assessment No Unknown Stream Assessment in the Virginia Coastal Zone: Development of a Significant New Database and Interactive Assessment Application Stream assessment No Yes Stream Channel Reference Sites Stream assessment No Unknown Stream Corridor Assessment Survey Protocols (SCA) Stream assessment Unknown Unknown Stream Impact Assessment Manual for the Northern Virginia Stream Bank Stream assessment No Yes Subjective Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats Aquatic habitat assessment No Unknown Technique for the Functional Assessment of Non-Tidal Wetlands in the Coastal Plain of Virginia Wetland assessment No Yes (continued on next page)

149 Method Intended Use Multiresource Credit Integrate into Multiresource Temperature Trading Platform Temperature credit calculator No Unknown Unified Stream Assessment: A User’s Manual (No. 10) Subwatershed restoration planning Unknown Unknown Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM) Wetland and surface water assessment No No Variables for Assessing Reasonable Mitigation in New Transportation (VARMINT) Habitat assessment No Unknown Vermont Stream Geomorphic Assessment Protocol Handbooks Stream assessment No Yes Visual Stream Assessment Protocol Water quality assessment Unknown Unknown Wadeable Stream Assessment Field Ops Stream assessment No Unknown Washington Aquatic Habitat Design Guidelines Aquatic habitat assessment No Unknown Washington State Wetlands Function Assessment Program (WFAP) Wetland assessment No Yes Washington State Wetland Rating System (Western and Eastern versions) Wetland assessment No Yes Watershed Vulnerability Analysis Stream assessment No Unknown Watershed-Based Preliminary Assessment of Wetland Functions (W-PAWF) Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown Wetland Evaluation Technique (WET) Wetland assessment No Yes Wetland Value Assessment Methodology (WVA) Wetland assessment No Unknown Wildlife Habitat Appraisal Procedure (WHAP) Upland and wetland habitat assessment No Unknown Wisconsin Rapid Assessment Methodology for Evaluating Wetland Functional Values Wetland assessment No Yes Wisconsin Wetland Assessment Methodology (WIRAM) Wetland assessment Unknown Unknown Table E.1. Summary Overview (continued)

Next: Appendix F - Glossary »
An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2 Get This Book
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TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Report S2-C06-RW-2: An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2 is designed to help transportation and environmental professionals apply ecological principles early in the planning and programming process of highway capacity improvements to inform later environmental reviews and permitting. Ecological principles consider cumulative landscape, water resources, and habitat impacts of planned infrastructure actions, as well as the localized impacts.

The report introduces the Integrated Ecological Framework, a nine-step process for use in early stages of highway planning when there are greater opportunities for avoiding or minimizing potential environmental impacts and for planning future mitigation strategies.

The report is part two of a four-volume set. The other volumes in the set are:

A supplemental report, Integrated Ecological Framework Outreach Project, documents the techniques used to disseminate the project's results into practitioner communities and provides technical assistance and guidance to those agencies piloting the products.

The primary product of these complementary efforts is the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF). The IEF is a step-by-step process guiding the integration of transportation and ecological planning. Each step of the IEF is supported by a database of case studies, data, methods, and tools. The IEF is available through the Transportation for Communities—Advancing Projects through Partnerships (TCAPP) website. TCAPP is now known as PlanWorks.

This publication is only available in electronic format.

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