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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22890.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22890.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22890.
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75 2007-14, Vermont Agency of Transportation, Montpelier, Oct. 2007. Forbes, G., Traffic Management in Rural Settlements, Final Report, Centre for the Assessment of Road Safety in Ontario, Feb. 2006. Garder, P., J.N. Ivan, and J. Du, Traffic Calming of State Highways: Application New England, Final Report, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, 2002, 55 pp. Gates, T.J., D.A. Noyce, V. Talada, and L. Hill, “The Safety and Operational Effects of Road Diet Conversions in Minnesota,” In: the 2007 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Compendium, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., Jan. 21–25, 2007. Hallmark, S.L., E. Peterson, E. Fitzsimmons, N. Hawkins, J. Resler, and T. Welch, Evaluation of Gateway and Low- Cost Traffic-Calming Treatments for Major Routes in Small, Rural Communities, Final Report No. CTRE Proj- ect 06-185, IHRB Project TR-523, Center for Transporta- tion Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, Nov. 2007. Herrstedt. L., K. Kjemtrup, P. Borges, and P. Andersen, An Improved Traffic Environment—A Catalogue of Ideas, Report 106, Road Data Laboratory, Road Standards Divi- sion, Road Directorate, Denmark Ministry of Transport, 1993. Hildebrand, E.D., A. Ross, and K. Robichaud, “The Effec- tiveness of Transitional Speed Zones,” ITE Journal, Vol. 74, No. 10, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Wash- ington, D.C., 2004, pp. 30–38. Huang, H.F., R. Stewart, and C.V. Zeeger, Evaluation of Lane Reduction ‘Road Diet’ Measures and Their Effects on Crashes and Injuries, Summary Report, Highway Safety Information System, FHWA-HRT-04-082, HRDS-06/3- 04(1.7M)E, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2005, 6 pp. Jamson, S., F. Lai, H. Jamson, A. Horrobin, and O. Carsten, Interaction between Speed Choice and the Environment, Road Safety Research Report 100, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, U.K., Nov. 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/ research/rsrr/theme4/interaction/ [accessed Feb. 3, 2010]. Kennedy, J.V., “Psychological Traffic Calming,” Conference Proceedings, 70th Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Road Safety Congress, 2005 [Online]. Avail- able: http://www.rospa.com/RoadSafety/conferences/ congress2005/info/kennedy.pdf [accessed Nov. 12, 2009]. Kirk, S., B. Hills, and C. Baguley, “Roadside, Village and Ribbon Development,” Cost and Safety Efficient Design (CaSE) Highway Design Note 4/01, International Divi- sion, Transport Research Laboratory, Berkshire, Eng- land, n.d., 6 pp. Knapp, K.K. and J.A. Rosales, “Four-Lane to Three-Lane Conversions: An Update and a Case Study,” Proceedings of the 3rd Urban Street Symposium, Seattle, Wash., June 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.urbanstreet. info/3rd_symp_proceedings/Four-Lane%20to%20 Three-Lane.pdf [accessed on Aug. 31, 2009]. Kocian, L., “A Kinder, Gentler Approach to Traffic Signs,” The Boston Globe, No. 6, 2008 [Online]. Available: http:// w w w.bos t on .com /news / loca l /m a ssa chu se t t s / articles/2008/11/06/a_kinder_gentler_approach_on_ traffic_signs/ [accessed on Nov. 7, 2008]. Lamberti, R., et al., “Perceptual Measures and Physical Devices for Traffic Calming Along a Rural Highway Crossing a Small Urban Community: Speed Behavior Evaluation in a Driving Simulator,” TRB Annual Meet- ing CD-ROM, Transportation Research Board, Washing- ton, D.C., 2009. Land Transport Safety Authority, Guidelines for Urban/ Rural Speed Thresholds, RTS 15, Wellington, New Zea- land, Feb. 2002. Matthews, M.L., “A Field Study of the Effects of Drivers’ Adaptation to Automobile Velocity,” Human Factors, Vol. 20, 1978, pp. 709–716. National Roads Authority, Guidelines on Traffic Calming for Towns and Villages on National Routes, Revision B, National Roads Authority, Dublin, Ireland, Feb. 2005. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Traffic Safety Facts 2008 Data: Speeding, Document No. DOT HS 811 166, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Wash- ington, D.C., 2009, 6 pp. Ossenbruggen, P.J., J. Pendharkar, and J. Ivan, “Roadway Safety in Rural and Small Urbanized Areas,” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 33, No. 4, July 2001, pp. 485–498. Pawlovich, M.D., L. Wen, A. Carriquiry, R.R. Souleyrette, T. Stout, and T. Welch, “Iowa’s Experience with 4-Lane to 3-Lane Conversions,” In: The Third Urban Street Sym- posium Compendium, Seattle, Wash., June 2007, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2007. Puget Sound Regional Council, “Rural Town Centers and Corridors Project,” Puget Sound Regional Council Infor- mation Center, Seattle, Wash., Nov. 2003 [Online]. Avail- able: ht tp: //www.psrc.org /projects /rural / ruraltowncenters.pdf [accessed on Aug. 2, 2009].

76 Puget Sound Regional Council, “Options and Innovations Toolkit: Context Sensitive Solutions for Rural Town Cen- ters and Corridors,” Jan. 2004 [Online]. Available: http:// psrc.org/projects/rural/toolkit.pdf [accessed on Aug. 2, 2009]. Pyne, H.C., M.S. Dougherty, O.M.J. Carsten, and M.R. Tight, “A Simulator Based Evaluation of Speed Reduc- tion Measures for Rural Arterial Roads,” Working Paper 434, University of Leeds, Apr. 1995. Quimby, A. and J. Castle, A Review of Simplified Streetscape Schemes, Project Report PPR292, TRL Limited, Crowthorne, U.K., Jan. 2006. Rodegerdts, L., et al., NCHRP Report 572: Roundabouts in the United States, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. Russell, E.R. and R.P. Godavarthy, Mitigating Crashes at High-Risk Rural Intersections with Two-Way Stop Con- trol, Report No. K-TRAN: KSU-06-4, Bureau of Materi- als and Research, Kansas Department of Transportation, Topeka, Jan. 2010. Sandberg, W., T. Schoenecker, K. Sebastian, and D. Soler, “Long-Term Effectiveness of Dynamic Speed Monitor- ing Displays (DSMD) for Speed Management at Speed Limit Transitions” [Online]. Available: http://www. informationdisplay.com/docs/MinnesotaStudy.pdf [accessed on July 25, 2009]. Schmidt, F. and J. Tiffin, “Distortion of Drivers’ Estimates of Automobile Speed as a Function of Speed Adaptation,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 1969, Vol. 53, p 536–539. Souleyrette, R.R., T.J. McDonald, and R. Tenges, Angle Parking on Iowa’s Low Volume Primary Extensions in Small Towns, Final Report, Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, 2003, 17 pp. Stout, T. and R.R. Souleyrette, “Matched Pair Safety Analy- sis of Four-Lane to Three-Lane Roadway Conversions in Iowa,” in the 2006 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting Compendium, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., Jan. 2006. SWOV, “Recognizable Road Design,” Fact Sheet, Institute for Road Safety Research, the Netherlands, May 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/Fact- sheets/UK/FS_Recognizable_road_design.pdf [accessed July 3, 2009]. SWOV, “The Relation Between Speed and Crashes,” Fact Sheet, Institute for Road Safety Research, the Nether- lands, Apr. 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.swov. nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Speed.pdf [accessed Mar. 31, 2010]. Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission, “Design Manual for Small Towns: Transportation and Land Use Strategies for Preserving Small Town Character,” a Vir- ginia Department of Transportation Rural Planning Grant Study, Charlottesville, Jan. 2004. Tziotis, M., Crashes on the Approaches to Provincial Cities, Report No. 31, Monash University Accident Research Centre, June 1992. United Kingdom Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Traffic Calming on Major Roads, Lon- don, U.K. n.d. [Online]. Available: http://www.dft.gov. uk/stellent/groups/ dft_roads/documents/pdf/dft_roads_ pdf_504760.pdf [accessed on Dec. 12, 2004]. Van Houten, R. and F. Van Houten, “The Effects of a Spe- cific Prompting Sign on Speed Reduction,” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1987, pp. 115–117. Veneziano, D., Z. Ye, J. Fletcher, J. Ebeling, and F. Shockley, Evaluation of the Gateway Monument Demonstration Program: Safety, Economic and Social Impact Analysis, College of Engineering, Western Transportation Insti- tute, Montana State University, Sep. 2009, 141 pp. Vermont Agency of Transportation, Traffic Calming Study and Approval Process for State Highways, prepared by Buckhurst Fish & Jacquemart Inc., in association with Stevens & Associates, 2003. Wheeler, A.H. and M.C. Taylor, Changes in Accident Fre- quency Following the Introduction of Traffic Calming in Villages, TRL Report 452, TRL Limited, Crowthorne, U.K., 2000. Winnett, M.A. and A.H. Wheeler, Vehicle-Activated Signs: A Large Scale Evaluation, TRL Report 549, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, U.K., 2002. World Bank, “Sustainable Safe Road Design: A Practical Man- ual,” Chapter 7: Linear Villages, DHV Environment and Transportation, Sep. 2005 [Online]. Available: http://web. worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ ECAEXT/EXTECAREGTOPENERGY/0,contentMDK:2 0740169~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:5 11377,00.html [accessed on Aug. 19, 2009].

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 412: Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions explores techniques for lowering traffic speeds in rural transition zones. Transition zones are those portions of high-speed roads that have lower posted speed limits as the roadway approaches a settlement.

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