Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practices (Workshop Edition 2010) (2011)

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Web-Only Document 150: Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practices (Workshop Edition 2010) National Cooperative Highway Research Program David L. Harkey Daniel Carter University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center Chapel Hill, NC Billie L. Bentzen Janet M. Barlow Accessible Design for the Blind Asheville, NC Contractor’s Guide for NCHRP Project 3-62A Submitted November 2009 NCHRP

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, Transit Development Corporation, or AOC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.

ii Author AcknowledGmentS These guidelines were developed under NCHRP Project 3-62. The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center (HSRC) was the contractor for this study. Accessible Design for the Blind (ADB) was a subcontractor. Primary authors of this report are Janet Barlow (Principal, ADB), Billie L. Bentzen (Director of Research, ADB), David Harkey (Director, HSRC), and Daniel Carter (Research Engineer, HSRC). Mr. Harkey served as the Principal Investigator for this effort. The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and support of others who made this project a success. Several manufacturers of Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) provided invaluable donations of equipment, installation assistance, and technical expertise to this project: • Campbell Company (Phil Tate), • Novax Industries (Doug Gubbe), • Polara Engineering (John McGaffey), and • Prisma Teknik (Jan Lund and Fredrik Dahlberg). Field data collection efforts were conducted in Tucson, Arizona; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Portland, Oregon. The authors wish to acknowledge the following city transportation departments and individuals for their support of the project and their tireless efforts to install and maintain the APS equipment through the duration of the project: • City of Tucson, Arizona Traffic Engineering Department, particularly John Swanson, Bob Hunt, Ray Svec and Richard Nassi. • City of Charlotte, North Carolina Transportation Department, particularly Tammy Drozd, Scott Lamont, Ken Bostick, Art Stegall, Justin Carroll, and Bill Dillard. • City of Portland, Oregon Department of Transportation, particularly Bill Kloos, Jason McRobbie and Dave Grilley. An expert panel reviewed this Guide and provided valuable feedback for its content. Panel members included Jose De Leon, Erin Duguay, Karissa Hoff, Scott Lamont, Jason McRobbie, Steve Misgen, Linda Myers, Kumar Neppalli, Ed Paulis, and Mike Switzer. Their able assistance facilitated a smooth and enjoyable research experience for both researchers and participants.

Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practice iii tABle of contentS Chapter 1 — Introduction to APS 1 Chapter 2 — Travel by Pedestrians Who Are Blind or Who Have Low Vision 13 Chapter 3 — Understanding Traffic Signals and Modern Intersection Design 25 Chapter 4 — Features of APS 47 Chapter 5 — When to Install APS 81 Chapter 6 — Designing APS Installations 93 Chapter 7 — Installation, Operation, and Maintenance 135 Chapter 8 — Public Education about APS 159 Chapter 9 — U.S. Case Studies 167 Chapter 10 — International Practice 203 Appendix A — Current Guidelines 217 Appendix B — Product Information 247 Appendix C — Research on APS 261 Appendix D — APS Prioritization Tool Instructions and Forms 299 Appendix E — Glossary 331