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Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft (2010)

Chapter: APPENDIX B: Reference Materials

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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
×
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
×
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX B: Reference Materials." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22941.
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56 APPenDix B Reference Materials NOTE: This information is not intended to be all-inclu- sive but is a synopsis of some references that may be informative and useful. PuBlIshed research artIcles Air Travel Research evans, A. D., and C. Thibeault. Prevention of Spread of Communicable Disease by Air Travel. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 80, no. 7, 2009, pp. 601–602. www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/ asem/2009/00000080/00000007/art00002. Khan, K., J. Arino, f. Calderon, A. Chan, M. Gardam, C. Heidebrecht, W. Hu, D. A. Janes, M. MacDonald, J. Sears, P. Raposo, and S. Wang. An Analysis of Canada’s Vul- nerability to Emerging Infectious Disease Threats via the Global Airline Transportation Network. Bio.Diaspora, Toronto, ontario, Canada, 2009. www.biodiaspora. com/. Mangili, A., and M. A. Gendreau. Transmission of infec- tious Diseases During Commercial Air Travel. Lancet, Vol. 365, 2005, pp. 989–996. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/15767002?dopt=Abstract. Silverman, D., and M. Gendreau. Medical issues Associated with Commercial flights. Lancet, Vol. 373, 2009, pp. 2067–2077. www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/ PiiS0140-6736(09)60209-9/fulltext. Aircraft Cabin Research Bull, K. Cabin Air filtration: Helping to Protect occupants from infectious Diseases. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 6, no. 3, 2007, pp. 142–144. www.trav elmedicinejournal.com/article/S1477-8939(07)00065-8/ abstract. La Duc, M. T., T. Stuecker, and K. Venkateswaran. Molecular Bacterial Diversity and Bioburden of Commercial Airliner Cabin Air. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 53, no. 11, 2007, pp. 1259–1271. http://rparticle.web-p.cisti .nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng &journal=cjm&volume=53&year=0&issue=11&msno= w07-093. Lin, C. H., R. H. Horstman, M. f. Ahlers, L. M. Sedgwick, K. Dunn, J. L. Topmiller, J. S. Bennett, and S. Wirogo. numerical Simulation of Airborne Pathogen Transport in Aircraft Cabins, Part i: numerical Simulation of the flow field. ASHRAE Transactions, Winter Meeting, 2005, pp. 755–763. http://resourcecenter.ashrae.org/store/ashrae/ newstore.cgi?itemid=25586&view=item&page=1&login id=39849620&priority=cat159egory&words=numerica l%20Simulation%20of%20airborne%20pathogen%20 transport%20in%20aircraft%20cabins%2C%20 Part%20i%3A%20numerical%20Simulation%20 of%20the%20flow%20field&method=and&. Lin, C. H., R. H. Horstman, M. f. Ahlers, L. M. Sedgwick, K. Dunn, J. L. Topmiller, J. S. Bennett, and S. Wirogo. numerical Simulation of Airborne Pathogen Transport in Aircraft Cabins, Part ii: numerical Simulation of Air- borne Pathogen Transport in Aircraft Cabins. ASHRAE Transactions, Winter Meeting, 2005, pp. 764–768. http://resourcecenter.ashrae.org/store/ashrae/newstore. cgi?itemid=25587&view=item&page=1&loginid=398 49620&priority=cat159egory&words=numerical%20 Simulation%20of%20airborne%20pathogen%20trans port%20in%20aircraft%20cabins%2C%20Part%20 ii&method=and&. McKernan, L. T., K. M. Wallingford, M. J. Hein, H. Burge, C. A. Rogers, and R. Herrick. Monitoring Microbial Popu- lations on Wide-Body Commercial Passenger Aircraft. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 52, no. 2, 2008, pp. 139–149. http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/con tent/full/52/2/139. osman, S., M. T. La Duc, A. Dekas, D. newcombe, and K. Venkateswaran. Microbial Burden and Diversity of Com- mercial Airline Cabin Air During Short and Long Dura- tions of Travel. ISME Journal, Vol. 2, 2008. pp. 482–497. www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v2/n5/full/ismej200811a .html. Simulation Explores Possibility of Virus Spreading in Airplane Cabin. fluent, inc., Lebanon, n. H., 2004. www.fluent .com/solutions/aerospace/pdfs/ja195.pdf.

57RefeRenCe MATeRiALS Zhang, A., x. Chen, S. Mazumdar, T. Zhang, and Q. Chen. experimental and numerical investigation of Airflow and Contaminant Transport in an Airliner Cabin Mockup. Building and Environment, Vol. 44, no. 1, 2009, pp. 85–94. https://engineering.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ paper/2009-1.pdf. Screening Bitar, D., A. Goubar, and J. C. Desenclos. international Trav- els and fever Screening During epidemics: A Literature Review on the effectiveness and Potential Use of non- Contact infrared Thermometers. Eurosurveillance, Vol. 14, no. 6, 2009. www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle. aspx?Articleid=19115. Gaber, W., U. Goetsch, R. Diel, H. W. Doerr, and R. Gottschalk. Screening for infectious Diseases at interna- tional Airports: The frankfurt Model. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 80, no. 7, 2009, pp. 595–600. www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/ asem/2009/00000080/00000007/art00001. Influenza Han, K., x. Zhu, f. He, L. Liu, L. Zhang, H. Ma, x. Tang, T. Huang, G. Zeng, and B. P. Zhu. Lack of Airborne Transmission during outbreak of Pandemic (H1n1) 2009 Among Tour Group Members, China, June 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2009. www.cdc.gov/eid/ content/15/10/pdfs/09-1013.pdf. Khan, K., J. Arino, W. Hu, P. Raposo, J. Sears, f. Calderon, C. Heidebrecht, M. Macdonald, J. Liauw, A. Chan, and M. Gardam. Spread of a novel influenza A (H1n1) Virus via Global Airline Transportation. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 361, no. 2, 2009, pp. 212–214. http:// content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/361/2/212. Lipsitch, M., S. Riley, S. Cauchemez, A. C. Ghani, and n. M. ferguson. Managing and Reducing Uncertainty in an emerging influenza Pandemic. new england of Medicine, Vol. 361, no. 2, 2009, pp. 112–115. http://content.nejm .org/cgi/content/full/neJMp0904380. Marsden, A. G. outbreak of influenza-like illness Related to Air Travel. Medical Journal of Australia, Vol. 179, no. 3, 2003, pp. 172–173. www.mja.com.au/public/ issues/179_03_040803/letters_040803_fm-3.html. Moser, M. R., T. R. Bender, H. S. Margolis, G. noble, A. P. Kendal, and D. G. Ritter. An outbreak of influenza Aboard a Commercial Airliner. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 110, no. 1, 1979, pp. 1–6. http://aje .oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/110/1/1. Rudnick, S. n., J. J. McDevitt, M. W. first, and J. D. Spen- gler. Inactivating Influenza Viruses on Surfaces Using Hydrogen Peroxide or Triethylene Glycol at Low Vapor Concentrations. fAA, Washington, D.C., 2009. www. faa.gov/library/reports/medical/oamtechreports/2000s/ media/200907.pdf. Tuberculosis Chemardin, J., M. C. Paty, S. Renard-Dubois, n. Veziris, and D. Antoine. Contact Tracing of Passengers exposed to an extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Case During an Air flight from Beirut to Paris. Eurosurveillande, Vol. 12, no. 49, 2007. www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle. aspx?ArticleiD=3325. exposure of Passengers and flight Crew to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis on Commercial Aircraft, 1992–1995. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 44, no. 8, 1995, pp. 137–140. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/00036502.htm. Jones, R. M., Y. Masago, T. Bartrand, C. n. Haas, M. nicas, and J. B. Rose. Characterizing the Risk of infection from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Commercial Passenger Aircraft Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. Risk Analysis, Vol. 29, no. 3, 2009, pp. 355–365. www3 .interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/121558705/ HTMLSTART. Kenyon, T. A., S. e. Valway, W. W. ihle, i. M. onorato, and K. G. Castro. Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Myco- bacterium Tuberculosis During a Long Airplane flight. CDC Wonder, 1996. http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/pre vguid/p0000436/p0000436.asp. Martinez, L., L. Blanc, P. nunn, and M. Raviglione. Tubercu- losis and Air Travel: WHo Guidance in the era of Drug- Resistant TB. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 6, no. 4, 2007, pp. 1771–181. www.travelmedicine journal.com/article/S1477-8939(07)00134-2/abstract. Modi, S., A. M. Buff, C. J. Lawson, D. Rodriguez, H. L. Kirk- ing, H. Lipman, and D. B. fishbein. Reporting Patterns and Characteristics of Tuberculosis among international Travelers, United States, June 2006 to May 2008. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 49, 2009, pp. 885–891. www .journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/605437?prevSea rch=%2528modi%2529%2BAnD%2B%255Bjournal% 253A%2Bcid%255D&searchHistoryKey=. Meningococcal Disease Layton, M., M. Cartter, e. Bresnitz, S. Wiersma, and L. Mas- cola. exposure to Patients with Meningococcal Disease on Aircrafts—United States, 1999–2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 50, no. 23, 2001, pp. 485–489. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm5023a2.htm. Rachael, T., K. Schubert, W. Hellenbrand, G. Krause, and J. M. Stuart. Risk of Transmitting Meningococcal

58 ReSeARCH on THe TRAnSMiSSion of DiSeASe in AiRPoRTS AnD on AiRCRAfT infection by Transient Contact on Aircraft and other Transport. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 137, 2009, pp. 1057–1061. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/ displayAbstract?aid=5071760. Norovirus Kornylo, K., D. K. Kim, M. A. Widdowson, G. Turabelidze, and f. M. Averhoff. Risk of norovirus Transmission Dur- ing Air Travel. Journal of Travel Medicine, Vol. 16, no. 5, 2009, pp. 349–351. www3.interscience.wiley.com/jour nal/122607721/abstract?CReTRY=1&SReTRY=0. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome flint, J., S. Burton, J. f. Macey, S. L. Deeks, T. W. S. Tam, A. King, M. Bodie-Collins, M. naus, D. MacDonald, C. Mcintyre, M. Krajden, M. Petric, C. Halpert, L. Gustafson, and A. Larder. Assessment of in-flight Trans- mission of SARS—Results of Contact Tracing, Canada. Canada Communicable Diseases Report, Vol. 29, no. 12, 2003. www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/03vol29/ dr2912ea.html. Krause, G. SARS Transmission and Commercial Aircraft. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2004. www.thefreelibrary. com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=120848281. Lim, M. K., and D. Koh. SARS and occupational Health in the Air. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 60, 2003, pp. 539–540. http://oem.bmj.com/cgi/ reprint/60/8/539. olsen, S. J., H. L. Chang, T. Y.-Y. Cheung, A f.-Y. Tang, T. L. fisk, S P.-L. ooi, H. W. Kuo, D. D.-S. Jiang, K. T. Chen, J. Lando, K. H. Hsu, T. J. Chen, and S. f. Dow- ell. Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syn- drome on Aircraft. New England of Medicine, Vol. 349, 2003, pp. 2416–2422. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/ reprint/349/25/2416.pdf. Vogt, T. M., M. A. Guerra, e. W. flagg, T. G. Ksiazek, S. A. Lowther, and P. M. Arguin. Risk of Severe Acute Respi- ratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Transmission Aboard Commercial Aircraft. Journal of Travel Medicine, Vol. 13, no. 5, 2006, pp. 268–272. www.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pubmed/16987125?dopt=AbstractPlus. Wilder-Smith, A., n. Paton, K. T. Goh, and J. T. T. Seng. experience of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Sin- gapore: importation of Cases, and Defense Strategies at the Airport. Journal of Travel Medicine, Vol. 10, no. 5, 2006, pp. 259–262. www3.interscience.wiley.com/jour nal/119925233/abstract. Other Respiratory Infections follin, P., A. Lindqvist, K. nystrom, and M. Lindh. A Variety of Respiratory Viruses found in Symptomatic Travelers Returning from Countries with ongoing Spread of the new influenza A/H1n1V Virus Strain. Eurosurveillance, Vol. 14, no. 24, 2009. www.eurosurveillance.org/View Article.aspx?Articleid=19242. Leder, K., and D. newman. Respiratory infections Dur- ing Air Travel. Internal Medicine Journal, Vol. 35, no. 1, 2005, pp. 50–55. www3.interscience.wiley.com/jour nal/118713344/abstract. Luna, L. K. D., M. Panning, K. Grywna, S. Pfefferle, and C. Drosten. Spectrum of Viruses and Atypical Bacteria in intercontinental Air Travelers with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 195, 2007, pp. 675–679. www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/ abs/10.1086/511432. Zitter, J. n., P. D. Mazonson, D. P. Miller, S. B. Hulley, and J. R. Balmes. Aircraft Cabin Air Recirculation and Symptoms of the Common Cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 88, no. 4, 2002, pp. 483–486. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/ abstract/288/4/483. Mumps and Measles de Barros, f. R., M. C. Danovaro-Holliday, C. Toscano, T. C. Segatto, A. Vicari, and e. Luna. Measles Transmission During Commercial Air Travel in Brazil. Journal of Clini- cal Virology, Vol. 36, no. 3, 2006, pp. 235–236. www. unboundmedicine.com/medline/ebm/record/16720101/ full_citation/Measles_transmission_during_commercial_ air_travel_in_Brazil_. Hunt, e., P. Lurie, J. Lute, M. Moll, H. Stafford, J. Bart, A. Gray, V. Urdaneta, S. ostroff, J. Blostein, R. Potter, e. Wells, C. Kilborn, D. Martinez, M. Lowrey, R. espinoza, A. ferraro, P. Kutty, A. Barskey, D. Payne, S. Redd, L. Lowe, J. Rota, W. Bellini, P. Rota, J. Seward, M. Thor- ley, S. Reef, C. Kim, J. Sinclair, C. Dykewicz, f. Averhoff, T. Chen, and M. nguyen. Multistate Measles outbreak Associated with an international Youth Sporting event— Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Texas, August–September 2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 57, no. 7, 2007, pp. 169–173. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ mmwrhtml/mm5707a1.htm. Lasher, L. e., T. L. Ayers, P. n. Amornkul, M. n. nakatab, and P. V. effler. Contacting Passengers After expo- sure to Measles on an international flight: implications for Responding to new Disease Threats and Bioterror- ism. Public Health Reports, Vol. 119, 2004, pp. 458– 463. www.publichealthreports.org/archives/issueopen .cfm?articleiD=1389. Quinlisk, P., S. Redd, G. Dayan, n. Gallagher, P. Lutz, K. Marienau, and f. Averhoff. exposure to Mumps During Air Travel. 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59RefeRenCe MATeRiALS Associated with nonmedical Vaccine exemption—iowa, March 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 53, no. 11, 2004, pp. 244–246. www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5311a6.htm. InternatIonal guIdance Airports Council international and international Civil Avia- tion organization. Airport Preparedness Guidelines for Outbreaks of Communicable Disease. Airports Council international, Geneva, Switzerland. www.airports.org/ aci/aci/file/ACi_Priorities/Health/Airport%20prepared ness%20guidelines.pdf. european Civil Aviation Conference, Recommendation eCAC/29-2—Prevention of the Spread of Communicable Diseases by Means of Air Travel. http://aerade.cranfield. ac.uk/subject-listing/legislation.html. 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Risk Assessment Guidelines for Infectious Diseases Transmitted on Aircraft. european Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009. http://ecdc.europa. eu/en/publications/Publications/forms/eCDC_Dispform .aspx?iD=366. Tuberculosis and Air Travel: Guidelines for Prevention and Control, 3rd ed. World Health organization, Geneva, 2008. www.who.int/tb/publications/2008/WHo_HTM_ TB_2008.399_eng.pdf. World Health organization. WHO Technical Advice for Case Management of Influenza A (H1N1) in Air Transport. www.who.int/ihr/travel/A(H1n1)_air_transport_guid ance.pdf. u.s. federal regulatIons and guIdance 14 CfR Part 382: nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel—Sec. 382.21 Communicable Diseases (final Rule effective May 13, 2009). http://edocket.access.gpo .gov/2008/pdf/08-1228.pdf. 42 CfR Part 70: interstate Quarantine. www.access.gpo.gov/ nara/cfr/waisidx_06/42cfr70_06.html. 42 CfR Part 71: foreign Quarantine. www.access.gpo.gov/ nara/cfr/waisidx_06/42cfr71_06.html. executive order 13295: Revised List of Quarantinable Com- municable Diseases. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/pdf/execu tiveorder040403.pdf. executive order 13295 Amendment: Relating to Certain influenza Viruses and Quarantinable Communicable Dis- eases. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/ releases/2005/04/20050401-6.html. 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Indoor Air, Vol. 20, no. 1, 2010, pp. 31–39. www.labmeeting.com/ paper/29497693/gupta-2010-characterizing-exhaled-air- flow-from-breathing-and-talking.

60 ReSeARCH on THe TRAnSMiSSion of DiSeASe in AiRPoRTS AnD on AiRCRAfT Gupta, J. K., C. H. Lin, and Q. Chen. flow Dynamics and Characterization of a Cough. Indoor Air, Vol. 19, 2009, pp. 517–525. https://engineering.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ paper/2009-10.pdf. Markel, H. When Germs Travel: Six Major Epidemics That Have Invaded America and the Fears They Have Unleashed. Vintage, new York, 2005. www.randomhouse.com/cata log/display.pperl/9780375726026.html.

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TRB Conference Proceedings 47: Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft is the summary of a September 2009 symposium. The symposium examined the status of research on or related to the transmission of disease on aircraft and in airports, and the potential application of research results to the development of protocols and standards for managing communicable disease incidents in an aviation setting. The symposium also explored areas where additional research may be needed.

An article on this report was included in the January-February issue of TR News.

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