National Academies Press: OpenBook
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2009. Airport Passenger-Related Processing Rates Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22990.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2009 www.TRB.org A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 23 Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subject Areas Planning and Administration • Aviation Airport Passenger-Related Processing Rates Guidebook Michael Cassidy INNOVATIVE DECISIONS INCORPORATED Arlington, VA and MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY Arlington, VA A N D Joseph Navarrete HNTB CORPORATION Arlington, VA

AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- national commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte- nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera- tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici- pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga- nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon- sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden- tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro- fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre- pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 23 Project 03-02 ISSN 1935-9802 ISBN 978-0-309-11805-7 Library of Congress Control Number 2009938322 © 2009 Transportation Research Board COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical panel according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration (sponsor of the Airport Cooperative Research Program) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the clarity and completeness of the project reporting. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America

CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 23 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Theresia H. Schatz, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Maria Sabin Crawford, Assistant Editor ACRP PROJECT 03-02 PANEL Field of Policy and Planning Gloria G. Bender, TransSolutions, Fort Worth, TX (Chair) Derrick K.Y. Choi, Xchange Architects, Brookline, MA Anthony Dockery, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Dulles, VA Michael T. Drollinger, Port of Seattle Aviation Planning, Seattle, WA Michael D. Floyd, JACOBS Global Buildings, Advance Planning Group, Atlanta, GA Lloyd A. McCoomb, Greater Toronto Airports Authority, Toronto, ON Wenbin Wei, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA Elisha Novak, FAA Liaison Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

ACRP Report 23: Airport Passenger-Related Processing Rates is a guidebook that provides user-friendly guidance on how to best collect accurate passenger-related processing data for evaluating facility requirements to promote efficient and cost-effective airport terminal design. Often, significant amounts of data are required in accurate planning and design of air- port terminal facilities. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of the airport industry necessi- tates an understanding of how rapidly changing passenger characteristics, processing tech- nologies, and security protocols impact terminal development. This Guidebook will be of assistance and value to airport operators, planners, designers, and other stakeholders in planning these and future airport terminal facilities. Planning future airline passenger terminals and assessing existing terminals typically involve the determination of facility requirements. These requirements may be derived by various methods ranging from simple rules of thumb to sophisticated simulation models. However, all methods require data on airline passenger volumes and the rates at which these passengers can be served at ticket counters, baggage check-in, passenger security screening, and other processing points. Passenger processing rates are influenced by many factors, including the type of airline service (e.g., domestic, trans-border, and long-haul interna- tional), type of travel (e.g. business or leisure), amount of baggage, and size of party. Recent developments, including the growth of low-cost carriers, increased security, and the increased use of Internet and self-service devices, raise doubts about the validity of data col- lected in the past. The objective of this research was to provide guidance on how best to collect passenger- related processing rate data. The research was conducted by HNTB Corporation in associ- ation with Innovative Decisions Incorporated, and produced a user-friendly guidebook to identify the best methods of determining accurate passenger-related processing rates. The guidebook covers such topics as confirming the need for data, designing a methodology, defining team roles and responsibilities, selecting an appropriate sampling strategy, choos- ing a data recording method, establishing staffing requirements, managing staff, and ana- lyzing data. The results of this research are complementary to the variety of other airport terminal related projects under ACRP’s recent research initiatives and are meant to provide a set of coordinated and cooperative guidance tools to assist airport operators and their planning teams. An understanding of best methods to collect accurate data is essential in providing functional and efficient, yet premier airport terminal facilities. F O R E W O R D By Theresia H. Schatz Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 1 1.1 Background of the Guidebook 3 1.2 Potential Benefits of the Guidebook 3 1.3 The Guidebook's Structure and Organization 4 1.4 Content 6 Chapter 2 Passenger-Related Processes Overview 6 2.1 Passenger-Related Processes: Overview 6 2.2 Check-in and Ticketing Process 9 2.3 Passenger Security Screening 10 2.4 Federal Inspection Services (FIS) 11 2.5 Baggage Claim 11 2.6 Passenger Enplaning/Deplaning Rates 12 2.7 Concessions 12 2.8 Restrooms 14 Chapter 3 Defining the Research: Purpose, Focus, and Potential Uses 14 3.1 Roles and Responsibilities 16 3.2 Is the Study Needed? 16 3.3 Research Fundamentals 22 3.4 Developing the Research Plan 24 Chapter 4 Designing the Methodology 24 4.1 Metrics Overview 25 4.2 Levels of Measurement 27 4.3 Introduction to Airport Specific Metrics 27 4.4 Defining Entities in the Airport Terminal Environment 31 4.5 Defining Resources 33 4.6 Defining Processes 36 Chapter 5 Sampling Techniques for Airport Data Collection 36 5.1 Sampling: Introduction 37 5.2 Sampling Strategies 39 5.3 Sampling Steps 40 5.4 Error 43 5.5 Calculating Sample Size 45 5.6 Determining When to Schedule a Data Collection Event 53 5.7 Proxies for Absolute Peak 54 5.8 The Role of Informants 56 Chapter 6 Developing the Action Plan 56 6.1 Staffing 64 6.2 Coordination C O N T E N T S

64 6.3 Data Recording Methods 68 6.4 Countdown to Data Collection 69 6.5 Post-Data Collection 70 Chapter 7 Managing and Implementing Data Collection 70 7.1 Understanding the Environment 73 7.2 Team Preparation and Training 74 7.3 Data Collection Case Studies 78 Chapter 8 Summary 78 8.1 The Importance of Good Data 78 8.2 Typical Airport Passenger Processes 78 8.3 Confirm Need for Data and Feasibility of Data Collection 78 8.4 Study Team 79 8.5 Airport Specific Metrics 79 8.6 Sampling Techniques for Airport Data Collection 79 8.7 Action Plan 80 8.8 Managing and Implementing Data Collection 81 Appendix A Glossary 84 Appendix B Analyzing and Reporting Data 94 Appendix C Technical Appendix 105 Appendix D Sample References from Research Literature 106 Appendix E Example Training and Orientation Materials 111 Appendix F Sample Data Sheets

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 23: Airport Passenger-Related Processing Rates Guidebook provides guidance on how to collect accurate passenger-related processing data for evaluating facility requirements to promote efficient and cost-effective airport terminal design.

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