National Academies Press: OpenBook

A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas (2008)

Chapter: Section 3. State and Local Interviews

« Previous: Section 2. Annotated Bibliography
Page 21
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 21
Page 22
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 22
Page 23
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 23
Page 24
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 24
Page 25
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 25
Page 26
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 26
Page 27
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 27
Page 28
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 28
Page 29
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 29
Page 30
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 30
Page 31
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 31
Page 32
Suggested Citation:"Section 3. State and Local Interviews." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23078.
×
Page 32

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Section 3. State and Local Interviews Limited information on emergency traffic control for quarantines was identified through the literature review. Therefore, in order to better understand the level of agroterrorism awareness and preparedness at the state and local levels, the literature review was supplemented with phone and email interviews with state agency officials and rural county sheriffs. Through these contacts, we obtained several emergency response plans, became aware of the training being offered to counties regarding agricultural security, and learned of some of the concerns that local responders have regarding the potential need for large-scale traffic control. A summary of interview topics is presented below as well as a discussion of some of the responses that were obtained. 3.1 State-Level Interviews Phone calls were made and emails sent to state-level officials in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, California, and Texas, as well as to USDA officials, representatives of industry organizations, and agroterrorism response trainers. However, some of our contact attempts went unanswered. A summary of the contacts made at the state level is shown in Table 1. In addition to these contacts, state-level planning documents were reviewed for California, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin (See Section 2.4). Table 1. List of Contacts Made at the State Level Organization State Title Contact MO Department of Agriculture MO Agro-Security and Operations Officer Phone, In person SES, Inc. MO Training Coordinator Phone SES, Inc. MO Vice President, Trainer In Person, Email KS Department of Animal Health KS Administrative Specialist Phone, Email KS Department of Agriculture KS Plant Protection and Weed Control Manager Phone, Email NE Department of Agriculture NE Administrator, Laboratory Division Email TN Department of Agriculture TN State Veterinarian Phone US Department of Agriculture MO Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician In person In contacts with agency staff at the state and federal levels, the research team attempted to gather responses to the following questions: • Does your state have an official response plan to be implemented in the event of a foreign animal disease or plant pest outbreak? If so, would it be possible to obtain a copy of it? • Do counties in your state have their own county-specific response plans? • Are local authorities trained to implement the state or local response plans? 21

• Do counties have adequate resources to implement the plans or the means to acquire those resources? • At what point is the response plan implemented? (i.e., is it implemented when a veterinarian identifies that an animal is showing clinical symptoms of a foreign animal disease, or only after the disease has been verified by test results from Plum Island?) • Are you aware of any plans that specifically address the procedure for identifying roads to be blocked or closed and the steps to get them blocked or closed? • Are there any plans that address law enforcement’s role in enforcing quarantines or stop movement orders? • Who, in your state, has the authority to issue a quarantine or movement restrictions? How soon after a foreign animal disease is suspected might this happen? • Can you think of anyone else we might want to talk to in order to get more information? Do you have names or contact information for people in a similar position to yours in other states or people in other agencies in your state that are involved with similar response plans? 3.2 Summary of State Responses Interviews with the state contacts were very productive, giving the research team a greater perspective on the overall agricultural emergency response structure. However, since the responses obtained were from a limited number of states, the information gathered through these interviews was supplemented with information gained from reading several states’ response plans found online. Several of these plans are listed in the annotated bibliography in Section 2, along with the websites where the plans were found. A more thorough list of all the lessons learned from a combination of the state-level interviews and response plans are presented in Section 4. Below is a summary of what was gathered from the interviews with state- and federal-level officials. Kansas Kansas provides each county training and information to help them coordinate their response planning with efforts at the state level. In addition, the Kansas Incident Specific Plan for Foreign Animal Disease is undergoing revision to be made compliant with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF). The Kansas Animal Health Department (KAHD) is working with the state’s Department of Emergency Management to ensure the response plans are compatible. Electronic files of the Kansas County Foreign Animal Disease Annex and the Kansas County Foreign Animal Disease Standard Operating Guideline were obtained. These documents were provided to each of the counties for use as a template, and only minimal changes and additions were required to make them county specific. Several additional 22

documents used in training counties for a foreign animal disease (FAD) incident response were obtained, including a FAD emergency planning checklist, a list of county plan components, a list of potential equipment needed for a FAD, and a list of potential holding, quarantine, and disposal sites. A contact at the Kansas Department of Agriculture provided the research team with an electronic copy of the Plant Resource Biosecurity Response Guidelines, but this is not carried down to the local level as are the FAD response plans. KAHD developed Stop Movement Permit books which were distributed to all Kansas Sheriff’s offices and to the Kansas Highway Patrol. The research team was provided a copy of Kansas’ movement permit, movement permit instructions, and guidelines for officers examining permits. A practice stop movement in western Kansas gave the Highway Patrol an opportunity to use the permits and recommend changes to make them more user-friendly for law enforcement. Kansas recently completed a project in which a vendor was hired to secure an emergency animal disease response plan from every county in the state. All counties have now submitted their plans to the KAHD. These plans include instructions for response, a list of the personnel that the county will use in ICS positions, and lists of local resources needed for the response. Kansas’ response plan is enacted when a foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD) from either KAHD or USDA is dispatched to investigate suspicious symptoms. A FADD can be anywhere in the state within 4 hours of being called. If the FADD determines that a clinical diagnosis for a FAD is highly likely, he or she can issue an oral quarantine for the premises where there are infected animals and a semi-full response is implemented while awaiting the test results to confirm the disease. The FADD will remain on site to initiate the trace back and forward of the disease. The FADD also notifies the county law enforcement and emergency manager of the quarantine so that the local response plan can go into effect. There are four levels of response, which are detailed in the state and local response plans. Level 1 is normal operations and surveillance; Level 2 is a FAD investigation in response to suspicious symptoms; Level 3 is a diagnosis of “highly likely” for a FAD in the state; and Level 4 is a confirmed FAD in the state when the state emergency operations center (EOC) is activated. Until the tests are confirmed at Plum Island (the USDA’s Animal Disease Center), Kansas’ response is at Level 3. A stop movement order will not be issued by the Livestock Commissioner (with authority from the Governor) until a Level 4 response is in place, after confirmation of a FAD by USDA authorized laboratory. Missouri Missouri’s State Emergency Operating Plan (SEOP) contains an annex that deals specifically with animal emergency disasters. The annex lists all agencies that may be 23

included in the response and what their specific roles would be, and identifies the Missouri Department of Agriculture (MDA) as the lead agency in an animal emergency response. The MDA also has an internal Animal Health Emergency Response and Recovery Plan, which compliments SEMA’s SEOP but provides specific direction for MDA employees. Both of these documents were provided to the research team electronically by our contact at MDA. Missouri has no plan specific to plant health emergencies. Missouri is in the process of providing a six-hour agroterrorism preparedness training to each county in the state. The training is being provided by SES, Inc., a consultant in Kansas City that has already provided training to Nebraska and Kansas. The training focuses on emergency responders and gives a brief overview of potential agroterrorism incidents, their consequences, and the roles of both the county and the state in prevention and response efforts. It focuses on a response to a foot and mouth disease outbreak and devotes the second half of the class to discussing a few potential scenarios. The responders are encouraged to think outside of the box to identify resources that are easily accessible to the county and that could be used for holding and feeding animals. However, the training does not focus on aspects of traffic control. The training provides a template for the counties to develop their own response plan that coordinates with the state plan but is specific to the county’s resources and vulnerabilities. The MDA has provided additional training to a few counties to help them develop these county plans. In Missouri, any practicing veterinarian who observes symptoms of a foreign animal disease will contact the state Department of Agriculture. The state veterinarian will then assign one of ten foreign animal disease diagnosticians (FADD) to the case, who can be anywhere in the state within four hours of a call. The FADD will make a preliminary diagnosis of “not likely,” “possible,” or “highly likely” and collect samples for testing. The Highway Patrol has an available jet that can be used to send samples to Plum Island or another USDA authorized laboratory 24 hours a day. The FADD will be in contact with the state veterinarian, who can authorize him or her to initiate a quarantine as an agent of the state. If the FADD’s diagnosis is “possible” or “highly likely” that the symptoms are those of a foreign animal disease, he or she will stay on the premise as the incident commander until the test results are available. Animal health quarantines give law enforcement officials authority to stop the movement of animals, but not necessarily people. They do have the authority to make sure people are decontaminated before crossing the quarantine boundary. However, there is still confusion and uncertainty among law enforcement officials as to what they can and cannot do to enforce a quarantine. Missouri is considering providing additional training to law enforcement officials and agriculture producers. Missouri is also one of 12 state members of the Multi-state Partnership for Security in Agriculture, which practices a great deal of information sharing. The Multi-State Partnership for Security in Agriculture (Partnership) is a collaborative forum of State Departments of Agriculture, State Veterinarian’s Offices, Homeland Security Advisors, Animal Health Departments, and Emergency Management 24

Divisions from the following states: Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wisconsin (http://www.agpartnership.org/aboutus.asp). Many elements of Missouri’s response plans and trainings are similar to those used in other states in the partnership. Nebraska Nebraska’s Emergency Operations Plan includes several emergency support functions, including ESF 11: Agriculture and Natural Resources. Its purpose is to protect against, detect, and eradicate contamination and contagions to animals, plants, and food as quickly as possible within the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Department of Agriculture (NDA) has also written four agricultural response monographs, which cover traffic control, catastrophic mortality disposal, temporary housing and care for livestock and poultry, and decontamination and disinfections. Monograph No. 001—Traffic Control in an Agricultural Response—is the only document the research team has located that specifically discusses traffic control for an agriculture-related movement restriction. Nebraska has conducted substantial training at the local level. They began in 2004 with the training of local officials, including elected officials and local agencies. All 93 counties attended one of the nearly 60 presentations given by SES, Inc., NDA’s training contractor. The purpose of the workshops was to assist the county emergency managers in the creation of or improvements to their local plans for agriculture. This county training was followed up with producer training in 2005. More recently, NDA has provided training to educational facilities, and has also asked SES to conduct vulnerability assessments for livestock facilities throughout the state. In cooperation with the Nebraska State Emergency Management Agency, NDA updated the generic Local Emergency Operations Plan, Annex G, Appendix 2, which deals specifically with agriculture. Currently, SES is visiting counties for the purpose of refining the county Standard Operations Procedures developed in conjunction with the generic county plan annex. Nebraska has also conducted a statewide functional exercise, called “Terrex ‘06,” which deals with a response to a FMD outbreak. Cherry County local responders took part in that exercise. The After Action Report is not yet available. Nebraska has six FADDs in the Department of Agriculture and there are four more with the local APHIS office. Like Missouri and Kansas, they can respond within four hours to any area of the state. Nebraska has four levels of contagious animal disease (CAD) response. Level 1 is a confirmed CAD in North America, but not the US; Level 2 is a confirmed case in the U.S. but not confirmed or suspected in a bordering state; Level 3 is a confirmed case in a bordering state; and Level 4 is a confirmed or strongly suspected CAD in Nebraska. Each of Nebraska’s five regions maintains an emergency response trailer that can be driven to a site and used as part of the response. At the recommendation of the FADD, following an investigation that indicates a FAD is possible or highly likely, ESF #11 is activated and samples are rushed to Plum Island. Upon confirmation of a positive FAD, a stop movement order can be issued by NDA, and the FADD would implement the order locally. In a highly suspicious case, the state does everything it can to stop animal and human movement as quickly as possible. NDA 25

avoids use of the word "quarantine” because of confusion regarding the differences between stopping human and animal movement. Law enforcement officials are invited to participate in the training provided by NDA through SES. Our contact at NDA reported that he believes the counties’ greatest difficulties in traffic control would be drivers defeating the roadblocks by driving through fences, through fields, or into ditches to get around them. He stated that the other challenge is the shear manpower required to stop movement within a 10-km, or larger, radius. Some responders are livestock owners, which could further compromise the manpower issue. Nebraska is also a member of the Multi-state Partnership for Agricultural Security. 3.3 Local Interviews To gain an understanding of local awareness, attitudes, and preparedness for an agricultural emergency, the research team contacted several sheriffs around the country from counties ranging in population from 1,000 to 50,000. Law enforcement officials, rather than local emergency managers, were interviewed because they are responsible for enforcing quarantines and movement restrictions. While some agencies were hesitant to share information they considered to be sensitive about their emergency response plans, over 40 local and state contacts provided helpful information. These contacts are shown in Table 2. When county sheriffs were contacted, interviewers attempted to obtain responses to the following questions: • Does your county have an official response plan to be implemented in the event of a foreign animal disease or plant pest outbreak? (Could be a standalone plan or an annex to the county emergency management plan.) If so, would it be possible to obtain a copy of it? • If there is a specific county response plan, what was your role in preparation of the plan? • Have you participated in any training related to foreign animal disease outbreak? • Does your county have adequate resources to implement the plans or the means to acquire those resources? • At what point is the response plan implemented? Who makes this decision? • Are you aware of any plans that specifically address the procedure for identifying roads to be blocked or closed and the steps to get them blocked or closed in the event of a quarantine? • Are there any plans that address law enforcement’s role in enforcing quarantines or stop movement orders? Have you identified other county agencies or officials that might be of help if these orders were implemented (organizations such as public works, highway maintenance, volunteer groups, or private contractors, who may have additional personnel, equipment, or other resources available for the response)? 26

Table 2. List of Contacts Made at Local Level County/jurisdiction State Population Title Contact Clinton IA 49,717 Sheriff Email Scott IA 158,668 Sheriff Phone Warren IA 40,671 Sheriff Phone Henry Il 51,020 Chief Deputy Phone Kane Il 404,119 Retired Sheriff Phone Ford KS 33,715 Under Sheriff Phone Sedgewick KS 452,869 Emergency Manager Phone Stanton KS 2,245 Sheriff Phone St. Charles Parrish LA 48,072 Chief Phone Hickory MO 8,940 Emergency Manager Phone Howell MO 37,238 Sheriff Email Livingston MO 34,492 Sheriff Phone Worth MO 2,382 Sheriff Fax Big Horn MT 12,671 Sheriff Phone Liberty MT 2,158 Sheriff Phone Mineral MT 3,884 Sheriff Phone Pondera MT 6,424 Sheriff Phone Wibaux MT 1,068 Sheriff Phone Eddy ND 2,757 Sheriff Phone Golden ND 1,924 Sheriff Phone Oliver ND 2,065 Sheriff Phone Rolette ND 13,674 Sheriff Phone Steele ND 2,258 Sheriff Phone Franklin NE 3,421 Sheriff Email Fremont (city) NE 25,314 Emergency Manager Phone Hall NE 53,534 Retired Sheriff Phone Scotts Bluff NE 36,951 Chief Deputy Phone Beaverton (city) OR 85,775 Emergency Manager Phone Anderson SC 165,740 Emergency Manager Phone Campbell SD 1,782 Sheriff Phone Hamiln SD 5,540 Sheriff Phone Hanson SD 3,139 Sheriff Phone Jerault SD 2,295 Sheriff Phone Union SD 12,584 Sheriff Phone Salt Lake UT 898,387 Chief Deputy Phone Albany WY 32,014 Sheriff Phone Converse WY 12,052 Sheriff Phone Eastern Shoshone WY 2,019 Tribal Government Phone Hot Springs WY 4,882 Sheriff Phone Johnson WY 7,075 Sheriff Phone Northern Arapahoe WY 3,633 Tribal Government Phone Torrington (City) WY 5,533 Police Chief Phone 27

• Who, in your state or county, has the authority to issue a quarantine or stop movement order? How soon after a foreign animal disease is suspected might this happen? • Can you think of anyone else we might want to talk to in your county in order to get more information? • What types of resources do you have readily available for a response to an agroterrorism event? What resources do you anticipate needing? (Examples include personal protective equipment, vehicles, signs, barricades, funding for overtime work, etc.) 3.4 Summary of Local Responses The responses gathered from county sheriffs varied considerably. Some sheriffs were unwilling to discuss the topic at all, others indicated that their county had not considered the possibility of an agroterrorism attack, some indicated that they were aware and had received training, but did not have the resources needed to respond, while others demonstrated a high level of awareness and preparedness. Though the responses were quite diverse, there were common concerns that were raised by several sheriffs and responders. Some of the concerns cited by sheriffs included: • State fairgrounds, sale barn, etc. in the county, which create high volumes of transported livestock • Major state highway or interstate through the county, which means high traffic volumes to control in movement restrictions • County borders another state, country, Indian reservation, national forest, etc., which can make coordination of response efforts more complicated • Extensive agriculture in the county, but no veterinarians nearby • Local agencies communicate and coordinate well, but no written agreements • Unsure of how to handle a sustained quarantine • Extensive coordination required between local and state and federal • Lack of agroterrorism related drills or exercises • Every business in the county relies on agriculture • Insufficient staff/vehicles to enforce quarantine • Uncertainty regarding standard operating guidelines in a quarantine situation • Lack of personal protective equipment appropriate for a biohazard • No training in disinfection 28

3.5 County Training Through state and local contacts made in Missouri, the research team became aware of training being offered to counties in Missouri. The training provider and Hickory County, Missouri, generously offered to allow a member of the research team to attend their training session on agroterrorism planning on January 30, 2007. SES, Inc. developed the one-day training course and is presenting it to each county in Missouri through a contract with the Missouri Department of Agriculture (MDA). SES has provided workshops and trainings in other states and to other groups, such as producer organizations, as well. Participants in the training included a deputy sheriff, the county emergency manager, the county assistant emergency planner, water patrolmen, conservation agents, the public information officer, EMT, volunteer fire, county health department officials, the foreign animal disease diagnostician for the area, and representatives from the Department of Natural Resources. The training focused on planning priorities for the county in case of a foreign animal disease (specifically foot and mouth disease), including housing and care of livestock stopped in the county, storage of trailers or other agricultural vehicles stopped in the county, location of burial sites for animals, and other emergency functions, such as locating and obtaining needed resources and providing food, shelter and transportation for responders, volunteers and others affected by the outbreak. The training described the likely flow of events in the case of a FAD outbreak, and described quarantines and stop movement orders, but spent little time discussing how these would be actually carried out. Some time was spent discussing disinfection at entry/exit points along the boundary of the buffer or surveillance zone. Three FMD scenarios were presented to the group for discussion to stimulate thinking about how the county would respond in similar situations. 3.6 Summary of State and Local Interviews and Training In many states, a foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD) can be on the scene to investigate a suspected foreign animal disease (FAD) within four hours of receiving a call from a local veterinarian or livestock producer. The state veterinarian can grant the FADD authority to issue a verbal quarantine around the location where a FAD is suspected. Local law enforcement officials are responsible for enforcing the quarantine once it has been issued. Even though confirmation of a FAD may take a few days, response begins within a few hours of a suspected infection. There is confusion and debate among responders, especially law enforcement officials, as to what their enforcement authority entails when a quarantine has been issued. During the time between the initial order by the FADD and the official order by a state or federal official once the diagnosis is confirmed, deputies and police are even less clear on their role. It may be required by quarantine to block the movement of livestock, agricultural vehicles, all vehicles that have passed through a certain area, and sometimes 29

even the movement of people in the area. When people do not choose to comply with the quarantine voluntarily, law enforcement officers reported having limited resources to stop them. In rural counties, the availability of resources to enforce a quarantine and manage traffic is a major concern. In the most rural counties, the sheriff may have only a few deputies with one or two squad cars. They realize that they simply do not have the manpower to man traffic check points at more than one or two locations in their counties. Clearly, this will do little to keep potentially infected people, animals, and plants, as well as potentially contaminated vehicles, from crossing the quarantine boundary. In addition to the lack of manpower, rural counties have fewer resources such as barricades, signs, and other traffic control devices. Effectively enforcing quarantines also requires law enforcement to find and direct traffic to holding areas for vehicles and animals that cannot go into or out of the quarantined area. Counties also realize that state or federal aid will likely not be available in the very early stages of the incident. Incidents may be occurring in several states or counties simultaneously, spreading state and federal resources thin. The county emergency manager and local law enforcement will be responsible for implementing the initial response to the suspected FAD and managing the response until state or federal aid become available. Each state has an emergency response plan to be followed in all emergency situations. Many of these plans have an annex that specifically addresses bioterrorism, foreign animal diseases, and/or animal health. Some state departments of agriculture or animal health also have internal response plans to be used in such instances. Many states are working to help their counties develop local foreign animal disease response plans that supplement the state’s plans. Counties are in different stages of preparedness, ranging from having no plan or training specific to a FAD, to having a detailed plan, resource list, and training in this area. Some counties have even participated in tabletop exercises to test their level of preparedness. Most states and counties focus more resources and planning on animal, rather than plant, diseases. One state official reported that their trainings and exercises deal with a hypothetical Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak because they view it as a high-probability, worst-case scenario. Training provided to local officials at the county level focuses on thinking out of the box to identify non-traditional resources that may be used to aid in traffic control. Emergency management assistance compacts with surrounding counties and other law enforcement agencies (water patrol, conservation, highway patrol) can help increase manpower. These types of agreements can also be used with public works and highway departments to provide additional signs, detour planning, and other maintenance and traffic operations tasks. Volunteer organizations, producer groups, and local farmers can also be trained to assist local law enforcement with non-law enforcement tasks. When these types of partnerships are established prior to an emergency event, a county will likely see an increase in voluntary compliance with a quarantine as well as in available resources to enforce it. 30

It should also be noted that in the case of an agricultural emergency or foreign animal disease (FAD) outbreak, local law enforcement will be required to maintain their regular law enforcement roles in addition to investigating possible criminal activity related to the agricultural emergency and enforcing the quarantine or stop movement order. 31

32

Next: Section 4. Lessons Learned »
A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas Get This Book
×
 A Guide to Emergency Quarantine and Isolation Controls of Roads in Rural Areas
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 130 is an annotated bibliography that reviews several state emergency response plans associated with traffic control of rural roads in an agricultural emergency. The material contained in Web-Only Document 130 was used to help produce NCHRP Report 525, Vol. 13: A Guide to Traffic Control of Rural Roads in an Agricultural Emergency, which explores recommended practices and procedures associated with traffic control on local and state roads during agricultural emergencies.

NCHRP Report 525: Surface Transportation Security is a series in which relevant information is assembled into single, concise volumes—each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. The volumes focus on the concerns that transportation agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed.

READ FREE ONLINE

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!