National Academies Press: OpenBook
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23289.
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T R A N S P O R T A T I O N R E S E A R C H B O A R D WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005 www.TRB.org NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP REPORT 548 Research Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in Cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration SUBJECT AREAS Planning and Administration A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning DAVID C. ROSE Dye Management Group, Inc. Bellevue, WA WITH JERRY GLUCK Urbitran Associates, Inc. New York, NY AND KRISTINE WILLIAMS JEFF KRAMER University of South Florida Tampa, FL

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Note: The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 548 Project 8-46 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN 0-309-8845-3 Library of Congress Control Number 2005936432 © 2005 Transportation Research Board Price $22.00 NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol- ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni- cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad- emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. William A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is a division of the National Research Council, which serves the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. The Board’s mission is to promote innovation and progress in transportation through research. In an objective and interdisciplinary setting, the Board facilitates the sharing of information on transportation practice and policy by researchers and practitioners; stimulates research and offers research management services that promote technical excellence; provides expert advice on transportation policy and programs; and disseminates research results broadly and encourages their implementation. The Board’s varied activities annually engage more than 5,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 548 ROBERT J. REILLY, Director, Cooperative Research Programs CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, NCHRP Manager DIANNE S. SCHWAGER, Senior Program Officer EILEEN P. DELANEY, Director of Publications ANDREA BRIÈRE, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 8-46 PANEL Field of Transportation Planning—Area of Forecasting RICHARD K. MAGEE, Metroplan, Little Rock, AR (Chair) KENNETH C. BOHUSLAV, Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Inc., Austin, TX LAURA L. COVE, North Carolina DOT PHILIP B. DEMOSTHENES, Parametrix, Denver, CO PETER J. HAAS, San Jose State University CHRISTOPHER HUFFMAN, Kansas DOT JERRY B. SCHUTZ, Balanced Transportation Concepts, Seattle, WA G. ALEXANDER TAFT, Missoula, MT SARAH WARD, Pinellas County (FL) Planning Department NEIL SPILLER, FHWA Liaison KIMBERLY FISHER, TRB Liaison

This report will be of interest to planning practitioners and access management pro- ponents involved with transportation planning at the state, regional, and local levels. The guidebook is an easy-to-use reference for incorporating access management into the transportation planning process. Access management is defined in the TRB 2003 Access Management Manual, as the “systematic control of the location, spacing, design, and operation of driveways, median openings, interchanges, and street connections to a roadway.” Application of the best practices of access management has benefits for motorists, bicyclists, pedes- trians, transit riders, business people, government agencies, and communities. The desired outcomes of access management are highways that • Are safer for vehicular and pedestrian traffic; • Allow motorists to operate vehicles with fewer delays, less fuel consumption, and fewer emissions; • Provide reasonable access to properties; • Maintain their functional integrity and efficiency, helping to protect the investment of taxpayer dollars; • Reflect coordination between land use and transportation decisions; and • Are used for the purposes (functions) for which they are designed. Recognizing the differences among states and communities regarding access man- agement, NCHRP Report 548 provides guidance for implementing access management through the transportation planning process rather than prescribing a particular approach. The guidance is organized by type of plan (i.e., overall planning process, long-range plans, programming, and corridor and subarea planning) and jurisdictional level (i.e., state, metropolitan planning organization, and local). The guidebook includes a glossary that defines technical terms and industry acronyms. FOREWORD By Dianne S. Schwager Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

1 PREFACE 3 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Guidebook Purpose, 3 What Is Access Management?, 3 What Are the Outcomes of Access Management?, 4 Why Address Access Management Explicitly in the Planning Process?, 4 How to Use the Guidebook, 4 Terminology and Definitions, 7 Reference, 7 8 CHAPTER 2 Access Management Implementing Mechanisms Summary of Methods, 8 Implementing Authority, 10 12 CHAPTER 3 Access Management in the Transportation Planning Process Land Use Planning and Access Management, 12 Addressing Access Management in Different Types of Transportation Plans and at Different Planning Levels, 12 Access Management in the Planning Process, 17 Using the Planning Process to Provide a Mandate for Implementation, 20 Challenges and Success Factors, 20 Conclusions, 26 28 CHAPTER 4 Guidance for Addressing Access Management Guidance Areas, 28 Guidance, 29 72 GLOSSARY CONTENTS

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 548: A Guidebook for Including Access Management in Transportation Planning offers guidance for implementing access management through the transportation planning process.

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