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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23322.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23322.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2005. Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23322.
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C O N F E R E N C E P R O C E E D I N G S 3 2 Smart Growth and Transportation Issues and Lessons Learned Report of a Conference September 8–10, 2002 Baltimore, Maryland Sponsored by Maryland State Highway Administration Morgan State University Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Federal Transit Administration Federal Highway Administration TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005 WWW.TRB.org 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page i

Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings 32 ISSN 1073-1652 ISBN 0-309-09496-8 Subscriber Category IA planning and administration Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB.org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 (tele- phone 202-334-3213; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail TRBsales@nas.edu). Printed in the United States of America. NOTICE: The conference that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The conference was sponsored by the Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, the Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the Federal Transit Administration and the Federal Highway Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Steering Committee for Smart Growth and Transportation: A Conference Charles E. Howard, Jr., Washington State Department of Transportation, Seattle, Chair Brian S. Bochner, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station Robert T. Dunphy, Urban Land Institute, Washington, D.C. Jacquelyne D. Grimshaw, Center for Neighborhood Technology, Chicago Mary McCumber, Puget Sound Regional Council, Seattle, Washington Frank Moretti, Road Information Program, Washington, D.C. Catherine L. Ross, Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, Atlanta Samuel Seskin, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., Portland, Oregon Liaison Representatives Anne P. Canby, Cambridge Systematics, Chevy Chase, Maryland Andrew Farkas, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland Christopher V. Forinash, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Charles R. Goodman, Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C. Roy W. Kienitz, Maryland Department of Planning, Baltimore Neil J. Pedersen, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore Alexander Taft, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, Washington, D.C. Transportation Research Board Staff Mark Norman, Director, Technical Activities Kimberly Fisher, Transportation Planner and Environmental Specialist Freda Morgan, Senior Program Associate TRB Publications Office Norman Solomon, Senior Editor Juanita Green, Production Manager Jennifer J. Weeks, Senior Editorial Assistant Mary McLaughlin, Proofreader 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page ii

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters per- taining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to asso- ciate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is a division of the National Research Council, which serves the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. The Board’s mission is to promote innovation and progress in transportation through research. In an objective and interdisci- plinary setting, the Board facilitates the sharing of information on transportation practice and pol- icy by researchers and practitioners; stimulates research and offers research management services that promote technical excellence; provides expert advice on transportation policy and programs; and disseminates research results broadly and encourages their implementation. The Board’s varied activities annually engage more than 5,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, fed- eral agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page iii

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Contents PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................1 OPENING REMARKS .....................................................................................................................................4 Charles Howard, Washington State Department of Transportation WHY: WHY SMART GROWTH IS A TRANSPORTATION ISSUE Introduction ......................................................................................................................................9 Anne Canby, Cambridge Systematics Transportation Trends and Smart Growth ......................................................................................11 Alan Pisarski, Independent Consultant Development Pattern Trends and Smart Growth.............................................................................19 Gregg Logan, Robert Charles Lesser & Company Land Use and Transportation Interactions ......................................................................................28 Reid Ewing, Rutgers University Discussion .......................................................................................................................................33 Working Definition of Smart Growth..............................................................................................36 Charles Howard, Washington State Department of Transportation WHAT: WHAT DOES A SMART GROWTH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM LOOK LIKE? Introduction ....................................................................................................................................39 Mary McCumber, Puget Sound Regional Council Recent Transportation and Land Use Planning Experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia .................40 Harrison Bright Rue, Jefferson Planning District Commission Big and Small Things in the Bay Area ............................................................................................47 Steve Heminger, Metropolitan Transportation Commission Smart Growth Transportation System in Seattle, Washington.........................................................52 Mary McCumber, Puget Sound Regional Council 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page v

Achieving Functional Mobility........................................................................................................54 Frank Moretti, Road Information Program Discussion .......................................................................................................................................56 KEYNOTE PRESENTATION Introduction ....................................................................................................................................63 John Porcari, Maryland Department of Transportation Presentation ....................................................................................................................................64 Parris N. Glendening, Governor, State of Maryland WHERE: HOW DOES SMART GROWTH DIFFER WITH LOCATION? Introduction ....................................................................................................................................71 Charles Howard, Washington State Department of Transportation Smart Transportation in Chicago ....................................................................................................72 Luann Hamilton, Chicago Department of Transportation Smart Transportation in the Puget Sound Region ...........................................................................77 Michael Cummings, Washington State Department of Transportation Smart Transportation in Marana, Arizona......................................................................................81 Jim DeGrood, Town of Marana, Arizona Discussion .......................................................................................................................................84 WHERE: HOW DO SMART GROWTH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS VARY WITH LOCATION? Introduction ....................................................................................................................................91 Tom Downs, National Center for Smart Growth Education and Research, University of Maryland Smart Transportation in Maryland .................................................................................................93 Neil Pedersen, Maryland State Highway Administration Smart Transportation in Las Vegas, Nevada ...................................................................................97 Jacob Snow, Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada Whose Future Is It, Anyway? The Essential Public Process ..........................................................102 Robert Grow, Envision Utah Smart Transportation in Portland, Oregon ...................................................................................108 Tom Kloster, Portland Metro Discussion .....................................................................................................................................113 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page vi

WHO: WHO MUST BE INVOLVED TO ACHIEVE A SMART GROWTH TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND WHAT ARE THE INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES? Introduction ..................................................................................................................................119 John Horsley, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Incentives for Smart Growth in Maryland ....................................................................................121 John Porcari, Maryland Department of Transportation Selling “Quality of Life” in Kentucky ...........................................................................................123 Jim Codell, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Smart Transportation and Land Use: The New American Dream ...............................................125 Robert Dunphy, Urban Land Institute Metropolitan Planning Organization Perspective on Smart Growth, Land Use, and Transportation ......................................................................................................127 Ron Kirby, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Discussion .....................................................................................................................................130 HOW: HOW CAN TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES SUPPORT SMART GROWTH? WHAT TOOLS ARE AVAILABLE? Introduction ..................................................................................................................................135 Effie Stallsmith, Office of Planning, Federal Transit Administration Examples of Smart Transportation Projects ..................................................................................137 Sam Seskin, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. The Many Transit “Connections” in Boulder, Colorado ..............................................................144 Tracey Winfree, City of Boulder Smart Highway Experience in New Jersey ....................................................................................148 James Lewis, New Jersey Department of Transportation Hands-On Case Study...................................................................................................................152 Catherine Rice, Maryland State Highway Administration CONFERENCE WRAP-UP Why ..............................................................................................................................................157 Brian Bochner, Texas Transportation Institute What .............................................................................................................................................158 Robert Dunphy, Urban Land Institute Where ...........................................................................................................................................159 Alexander Taft, Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page vii

Where and Who............................................................................................................................161 Mary Kay Santore, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency How..............................................................................................................................................163 Catherine Rice, Maryland State Highway Administration Conference Closing .......................................................................................................................164 Charles Howard, Washington State Department of Transportation BREAKOUT SESSIONS What a Smart Growth Transportation System Looks Like: Breakout Session Report...................167 The Different Transportation Looks of Smart Growth: Breakout Session Report .......................170 PARTICIPANTS .........................................................................................................................................173 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page viii

i x Preface The role of today’s transportation professionals ismuch wider than providing capacity to meet currentand future vehicle demands. Engineers and planners must help in defining and providing a transportation sys- tem that supports diverse local, regional, state, and national communities and goals. Many communities have adopted “smart growth” strategies to develop in compact, mixed- use, and multimodal ways. How can transportation policy makers and frontline professionals support such diverse goals? These proceedings summarize the highlights of a conference—Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and Implementation— designed to address this question. The conference was held September 8–10, 2002, in Bal- timore, Maryland. The conference was organized by two Transportation Research Board (TRB) committees: the Statewide Multimodal Transportation Planning Committee and the Transportation and Land Development Commit- tee. The conference was cosponsored by the Maryland State Highway Administration, Morgan State University, the Fed- eral Transit Administration, the Federal Highway Admin- istration, the Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and the American Association of State High- way and Transportation Officials. The conference would not have been possible without the financial and institu- tional support of the Federal Highway Administration. COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENT Two TRB standing committees initiated and supported this conference: the Statewide Multimodal Transporta- tion Planning Committee and the Transportation and Land Development Committee (see boxes, p. x). The conference planning committee was composed of mem- bers of these two committees, transportation profes- sionals from all levels of government, and staff from nonprofit organizations working in the smart growth arena (see list, p. ii). The contributions of the confer- ence planning committee were critical to the success of this event. STAFF ACKNOWLEDGMENT The committee acknowledges the work of many indi- viduals who contributed to the conference and the devel- opment of this report. Kimberly Fisher, Transportation Planner and Environmental Specialist, TRB, worked with the committee to plan the conference, under the guidance of the committee and the supervision of Mark Norman, TRB’s Director of Technical Activities. Brie Schwartz, Administrative Assistant, worked with the presenters and other reviewers to prepare the final report. Freda Mor- gan, Senior Program Associate, with Reginald Gillum, Meetings Coordinator, provided support during the con- ference and later helped coordinate the report. Suzanne Schneider, Associate Executive Director of TRB, man- aged the report review process. Thanks are extended to Liisa Ecola and other ICF Consulting, Inc., staff for their work in assembling and organizing the report. The presentations, discussions, and summaries of the views expressed by conference speak- ers, panelists, and participants are intended to provide a 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page ix

x SMART GROWTH AND TRANSPORTATION: ISSUES AND LESSONS LEARNED record of the conference. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the conference planning com- mittee, TRB, the National Research Council (NRC), or the sponsors of the conference. This report has been reviewed in draft form by indi- viduals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical com- ments that assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. The committee wishes to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Jonathan L. Gifford, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia; Diane E. Gusky, Tennessee Depart- ment of Transportation; Kenneth J. Leonard, Wisconsin Department of Transportation; John S. Miller, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville; and Douglas R. Porter, Growth Management Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland. Although these reviewers provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report’s finding and conclusions, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Lester A. Hoel, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Appointed by NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsi- bility for the final content of the report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. Statewide Multimodal Transportation Planning Committee Charles E. Howard, Jr., Washington State Department of Transportation (Chair) Susan P. Mortel, Michigan Department of Transportation (Vice Chair) Thomas B. Brigham, HDR Alaska, Inc. Mark L. Ford, HDR Engineering, Inc. Patricia Hendren, Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Jill L. Hochman, Federal Highway Administration Dane Ismart, Louis Berger Group, Inc. Marsha J. Kaiser, Maryland Department of Transportation Kenneth J. Leonard, Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Ysela Llort, Florida Department of Transportation Stephen C. Lockwood, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Inc. Abigail McKenzie, Minnesota Department of Transportation Neil J. Pedersen, Maryland State Highway Administration Steven M. Pickrell, Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Suzann S. Rhodes, Ohio Department of Transportation Gordon A. Shunk, Arlington, Texas Sandra Straehl, Montana Department of Transportation Martha J. Tate-Glass, California Department of Transportation Mary Lynn Tischer, Virginia Department of Transportation Rhonda Kae Young, University of Wyoming Transportation and Land Development Committee Robert T. Dunphy, Urban Land Institute (Chair) Amy L. Van Doren, National Park Service (Secretary) Sandra Beaupre, Wisconsin Department of Transportation Robert J. Benke, Community Resource Partnership Terry C. Bills, GIS-Trans, Ltd. Michael Culp, Federal Highway Administration Tomas De La Barra, Modelistica, Caracas, Venezuela Elizabeth A. Deakin, University of California, Berkeley G. Bruce Douglas III, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. Marcial Echenique, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Reid Ewing, Rutgers University Lawrence D. Frank, Georgia Institute of Technology Jonathan L. Gifford, George Mason University Murtaza Haider, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Susan Handy, University of California, Davis John Douglas Hunt, University of Calgary, Canada Robert A. Johnston, University of California, Davis Kara M. Kockelman, University of Texas, Austin Kevin J. Krizek, University of Minnesota George T. Lathrop, Charlotte, North Carolina Carol A. Lewis, Texas Southern University Allan Lichtenstein, Rutgers University Roger Laurance Mackett, University College, London George K. Penesis, Konheim & Ketcham, Inc. Douglas R. Porter, Growth Management Institute Poulicos Prastacos, IACM-FORTH, Herakleio, Greece Richard H. Pratt, Richard H. Pratt Consultant, Inc. Daniel A. Rodriguez, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Ruth L. Steiner, University of Florida Richard P. Steinmann, Federal Transit Administration Darwin G. Stuart, Chicago Transit Authority 63805_001_010.qxd 4/7/05 3:18 AM Page x

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TRB’s Conference Proceedings 32: Smart Growth and Transportation: Issues and Lessons Learned summarizes the highlights of a conference—Providing a Transportation System to Support Smart Growth: Issues, Practice, and Implementation—held September 8-10, 2002, in Baltimore, Maryland. The conference was designed to address how transportation policy makers and frontline professionals can support the diverse goals that different communities associate with smart growth.

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