Uses of Mobile Information Technology Devices in the Field for Design, Construction, and Asset Management (2016)

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42 APPENDIX B Survey Results Summary Report Survey: NCHRP SYNTHESIS TOPIC 46-06 USAGE OF MOBILE IT DEVICES IN THE FIELD FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND ASSET MANAGEMENT 1. Does your agency use mobile IT devices in the field for design, construction, and asset management? (Please check one response.) Yes 84% No 13% Unsure 3% Does your agency use mobile IT devices in the eld for design, construction, and asset management? Value Percent Count Yes 84% 52 No 13% 8 Unsure 3% 2 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62 2. What state transportation agency do you work for? (Please check one response.) Alabama 2% Alaska 2% Arizona 3% Arkansas 2% Colorado 2% Connecticut 2%Florida 6% Georgia 3% Idaho 9% Illinois 2% Indiana 2%Iowa 2%Kansas 2% Kentucky 2%Louisiana 6%Maryland 2%Michigan 3% Minnesota 2% Mississippi 2% Missouri 2% Montana 2% Nevada 2% New Jersey 2% New Mexico 2% North Carolina 3% North Dakota 2% Ohio 6% Oklahoma 2% Pennsylvania 2% Rhode Island 2% South Carolina 2% Tennessee 3% Texas 2% Utah 2%Vermont 6% Virginia 2% Washington 2% West Virginia 2% Wisconsin 2% Wyoming 2%

43 Value Percent Count Alabama 2% 1 Alaska 2% 1 Arizona 3% 2 Arkansas 2% 1 California 0% 0 Colorado 2% 1 Connecticut 2% 1 Delaware 0% 0 Florida 6% 4 Georgia 3% 2 Hawaii 0% 0 Idaho 10% 6 Illinois 2% 1 Indiana 2% 1 Iowa 2% 1 Kansas 2% 1 Kentucky 2% 1 Louisiana 6% 4 Maine 0% 0 Maryland 2% 1 Massachusetts 0% 0 Michigan 3% 2 Minnesota 2% 1 Mississippi 2% 1 Missouri 2% 1 Montana 2% 1 Nebraska 0% 0 Nevada 2% 1 New Hampshire 0% 0 New Jersey 2% 1 New Mexico 2% 1 New York 0% 0 North Carolina 3% 2 North Dakota 2% 1 Ohio 6% 4 Oklahoma 2% 1 Oregon 0% 0 Pennsylvania 2% 1 Rhode Island 2% 1 South Carolina 2% 1 South Dakota 0% 0 Tennessee 3% 2 Texas 2% 1 Utah 2% 1 Vermont 6% 4 Virginia 2% 1 Washington 2% 1 West Virginia 2% 1 Wisconsin 2% 1 Wyoming 2% 1 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62

44 3. What division do you work for within your agency? (Please check one response.) IT 57% Design 13% Other 11% Construction 11% Maintenance 8% What division do you work for within your agency? Value Percent Count IT 56% 35 Design 13% 8 Other 11% 7 Construction 11% 7 Maintenance 8% 5 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 91 Asset Management 1 Asset Management and Performance 1 Design and Construction 1 IT Services is a unit in Support Services 1 IT, representing Construction 1 ITS 1 Transportation Systems 1

45 4. What mobile IT device(s) does your agency issue (not including personally owned devices) for use in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ha nd he ld mu ltif un cti on al. .. GP S - eq uip pe d d igi tal ca me ra Value Percent Count Smartphone 89% 55 Laptops 87% 54 Tablet 77% 48 Digital camera 66% 41 Handheld multifunctional data collectors (e.g., Trimble Yuma, Nomad, and Juno) 53% 33 GPS-equipped digital camera 26% 16 Mini-laptops 24% 15 Laser Rangefinder 15% 9 Other 6% 4 RFID readers 5% 3 None 0% 0 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 94 Survey Grade GPS 1 We are in the process of procuring tablet for use with our Main- tenance Management System 1 Barcode readers 1 We are just getting started in the use of tablets. We have been using smartphones for approximately 1 year. 1

46 5. What operating system (OS) platform(s) does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) generally use? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Value Percent Count iOS (designed for mobile devices) 76% 47 Windows 7 76% 47 Windows 8 (designed for laptops/ desktops) 37% 23 Android 37% 23 OS (designed for laptops/desktops) 35% 22 Other 8% 5 Blackberry 6% 4 I don’t know 5% 3 Windows RT (designed for mobile devices) 5% 3 Linux 2% 1 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 93 IPhone 1 Windows 8.1 Mobile 1 Windows CE 1 XP 1 Again, we just have one tablet that we have begun trying/experi- menting with here in Lewiston, Idaho. 1

47 6. To what degree has your agency adopted/implemented mobile IT? (Please check one response.) High-level implementer 10% Medium-level implementer 38% Low-level implementer 52% To what degree has your agency adopted/implemented mobile IT? Value Percent Count High-level implementer 10% 6 Medium-level implementer 38% 23 Low-level implementer 52% 31 Total 60 Statistics Total Responses 60 7. What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 3% 2 55% 33 17% 10 13% 8 12% 7 60 Agency (if known) 0% 0 72% 33 13% 6 9% 4 7% 3 46 What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 8. What percentage of your agency’s (division’s) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 0% 0 55% 33 18% 11 17% 10 10% 6 60 Agency (if known) 0% 0 58% 28 21% 10 17% 8 4% 2 48 What percentage of your agency’s (division’s) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0

48 9. What is (are) the main purpose(s) for your current use of mobile IT? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ta ke /vi ew ge ota gg ed ph oto s Ta ke /vi ew ge ota gg ed vi deo s RF ID /ba rco de sc an nin g Value Percent Count Access and send e-mails 95% 59 Make phone calls/send text messages 89% 55 Record entry 65% 40 Access standards and manuals 56% 35 Take/view geotagged photos 44% 27 GPS/GNSS coordinates 40% 25 View and edit plans 35% 22 Collect spatial geometry 35% 22 GIS viewing 32% 20 Take/view geotagged videos 10% 6 RFID/barcode scanning 10% 6 Other 8% 5 View 3D models 8% 5 Total 62 Statistics Total Responses 62 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 95 GIS data collection 1 Take photographs in field 1 We are in the beginning stages of developing some in-house apps 1

49 10. Considering the responses in Question 9, list specific tasks completed within each checked purpose; for example, using geotagged photos to specifically identify and locate corrective work on a construction project. Count Response 1 Access Idaho Code for surveyors, survey with GPS 1 Access PDFs 1 File management and construction administration processes 1 Geotagging local aid projects 1 Geotagging of assets, construction inspection diaries, viewing plans, e-mail 1 Make phone calls/text messages to send current field conditions and problems 2 NA 1 Quantity documentation, equipment usage, and diary records 1 Record book entry (SiteManager), geotagged photos of bridge/roadway 1 Record entry—use SiteManager stand-alone for DWR entry 1 Record entry from the field via Citrix to state network. 1 Roadside inventory 1 To view plans, manuals, e-mails 1 Use GPS to track invasive species growth or reduction 1 Using tablets to collect and report maintenance activities of the team each day 1 Asset inventory 1 N/A 1 Laptops are used for construction diaries, smartphones for photos, data collection devices for GIS. 1 Most devices are used for communications back/forth to the office. Occasional use to review web-posted documents such as specifications and occasionally PDF-based plans. Construction is implementing eConstruction based on ProjectSolve. 1 Access Standards—We use this as electronic specification book. Accessing the e-mail system saves time from having to travel back to the office; phones calls save time and travel. Record Entry—We use this to make entries into diaries and make our payments to contractors on projects. 1 Construction field data entry, damage assessments, facility assessments, environmental field records, bridge inspections, per- mit inspections 1 Access PennDOT publications and construction manuals, contracts, award docs, as built drawings and specifications, geo- tagged pictures of project site activity and road conditions, access e-mail and other communication applications 1 Phone/e-mail: typical office communication. GIS viewing: see interactive maps to understand information. Collect GIS: cap- ture assets, features, etc. Perform surveys/inspections. 1 Design and construction georeferenced photos used in projectwise, data collection for asset management, construction work reports, survey data for design 1 Take photographs of the future project site to help aid in the design. These are especially helpful to remember what things looked like. The phone is handy to call back to the office to ask questions about something or just in case somebody needs to get hold of you. We also gather GPS coordinates to specifically identify and locate work for a design project. 1 Geotag/GPS to identify and locate for construction projects, address conflicts using manuals, answer e-mails and phone calls in a timely matter, collect geospatial information 1 Using mobile devices for construction and bridge inspection. Materials sample tagging and tracking using barcode scanning. Collecting maintenance items and asset management 1 ADA compliance, storm water inspection, construction documentation, asset inventory, and work orders

50 11. What applications does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) use? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ag en cy -de ve lop ed ... Value Percent Count Microsoft Office 87% 52 SiteManager by AASHTO 43% 26 Agency-developed applications 40% 24 Adobe Pro 33% 20 Collector for ArcGIS 25% 15 ArcGIS for Windows Mobile 18% 11 Other 17% 10 ArcPad 15% 9 Bentley ProjectWise Explorer Mobile 15% 9 Trimble TerraSync 13% 8 BlueBeam (Revu, Vu, Xtreme) 12% 7 l don’t know 10% 6 Trimble Inspector Pro 8% 5 ArcGIS Runtime SDKs 8% 5 Bentley Field Supervisor 3% 2 AutoCAD 360 3% 2 Trimble Contractor 2% 1 Bentley Navigator Mobile 2% 1 Bentley Structural Synchronizer View 2% 1 Trimble TerraFlex 2% 1 Autodesk BIM 360 (including Glue, Layout, and Field) 2% 1 SketchUp Mobile Viewer 0% 0 Autodesk InfraWorks 360 0% 0 Autodesk ConstructWare 0% 0 Total 60 Statistics Total Responses 62

51 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 88 AASHTO field book 1 Bentley Inspectech 1 Currently we only use smartphones 1 SAP Agile 1 SharePoint, Google Maps with street view 1 SharePlus 1 Web-hosted applications 1 Windows mobile, Trimble Survey Controller 1 iCx 1 There is software that I know we use but I don’t know what it is. Trimble for example. We use it. I don’t know what its specific name is. 1 12. Does your agency use purchased off-the-shelf, custom-developed, or purchased off-the-shelf and customized applications for your mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Purchased o- the-shelf or from app stores Custom developed in- house Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input Custom developed with a combined eort from consultants and agency employees Purchased o- the-shelf and then customized applications l don't know Value Percent Count Purchased off-the-shelf or from app stores 73% 43 Custom developed in-house 46% 27 Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input 47% 28 Custom developed with a combined effort from consul- tants and agency employees 32% 19 Purchased off-the-shelf and then customized applications 31% 18 l don’t know 7% 4 Total 59 Statistics Total Responses 59

52 13. What type of applications is your agency deploying? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Web-based application (built on a browser using HTML5, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc. ) Native application (developed for a specic OS) Cross-Platform SDKs (built using frameworks that allow for cross-platform native app development and deployment, such as Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) Value Percent Count Web-based application (built on a browser using HTMLS, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc.) 90% 45 Native application (developed for a specific OS) 62% 31 Cross-platform SDKs (built using frameworks that allow for cross-platform native app development and deployment, such as Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) 20% 10 Total 50 Statistics Total Responses 50 14. Does your agency standardize mobile IT devices to be used across multiple business areas? (Please check one response.) Yes 63% No 16% Unsure 21% Value Percent Count Yes 63% 37 No 16% 9 Unsure 21% 12 Total 58 Statistics Total Responses 58

53 15. Does your agency collaborate with other agencies in the development of mobile IT applications? (Please check one response.) Yes 34% No 39% Unsure 27% Value Percent Count Yes 34% 20 No 39% 23 Unsure 27% 16 Total 59 Statistics Total Responses 59 16. How does your agency deploy its devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Informal process ("give and go") Software-specic training and deployment Project-specic training and deployment Formal training process Other How does your agency deploy its devices? Value Percent Count Informal process (“give and go”) 67% 40 Software-specific training and deployment 42% 25 Project-specific training and deployment 42% 25 Formal training process 37% 22 Other 7% 4 Total 60 Statistics Total Responses 60

54 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 94 Currently we only use smartphones; extensive training is not necessary 1 Don’t know 1 Formal approval process for ordering equipment. No specific training provided across the board. 1 May become more formal in the next few months 1 17. How does your agency deploy and update its applications? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 En d u ser re spo nsi bil ity Re qu est fo r e nd us er. .. Value Percent Count Automatic program updates 76% 44 Download from the App Store 36% 21 End user responsibility 31% 18 Submit device for maintenance by request 21% 12 Request for end user acceptance of updates 16% 9 Submit device for maintenance per schedule 14% 8 Other 7% 4 Download from the web 7% 4 Total 58 Statistics Total Responses 58 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 94 AirWatch MDM 1 Citrix Receiver 1 Will eventually use AirWatch 1 Don’t know 1

55 18. If your agency trains employees who are issued mobile IT devices, what level of training do they receive for their devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Brief overview of the device's functionality Software- specic training My agency does not currently have a training plan for users l don't know Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects User groups that share experiences and best practices Overview of functionality, rules and regulations for their use, and expectations for their use Value Percent Count Brief overview of the device’s functionality 54% 32 Software-specific training 39% 23 Overview of functionality, rules and reg- ulations for their use, and expectations for their use 22% 13 My agency does not currently have a training plan for users 19% 11 l don’t know 14% 8 Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects 10% 6 User groups that share experiences and best practices 8% 5 Other 0% 0 Total 59 Statistics Total Responses 59 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 98

56 19. How are data shared within your agency? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Value Percent Count Device is synced to land-based servers where data are stored and shared 60% 33 Shared on projects with other stakeholders 42% 23 Stays within agency project 35% 19 Synthesized and centralized for future reference to entire agency 35% 19 Data are synced to a cloud server where they are stored and shared 24% 13 Incorporated in project lessons learned 16% 9 Stay with individual data collector 16% 9 Other 4% 2 Total 55 Statistics Total Responses 55 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 96 I don’t know 1 Don’t know 1

57 20. When evaluating potential mobile IT devices, which selection criteria do you consider? (Rank with 1 being the most important; leave blank if you do not think that a criterion is important at all.) Score* Overall Rank Cost 351 1 Security of data 310 2 Ease of use 302 3 Agency standard 276 4 Durability 257 5 Interoperability 236 6 Operating system 220 7 Available native applications 164 8 Other 27 9 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts. Count Response 1 Best fit for the intended function 1 It has to do the job that needs done. If it can’t, other factors don’t matter. 1 Will required apps run on device? 21. What parties are involved in the selection of the mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 IT professionals End users Purchasing agents Other Value Percent Count IT professionals 97% 57 End users 86% 51 Purchasing agents 27% 16 Other 5% 3 Total 59 Statistics Total Responses 59

58 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 95 A fair amount of executive management input. 1 Business mgmt. 1 Unknown 1 22. What do you believe is the overall return on investment (ROI) from your agency’s mobile IT use? [ROI = (benefit – cost)/(cost × 100)] (Please check one response.) >0-25% 17% >25-50% 28% >50-75% 21% >75-100% 6% 100%+ 13% Negative ROI 15% Value Percent Count >0–25% 17% 8 >25–50% 28% 13 >50–75% 21% 10 >75–100% 6% 3 100%+ 13% 6 Negative ROI 15% 7 Total 47 Statistics Total Responses 47 Sum 600 Average 100 Max 100

59 23. Which of the following challenges do you believe are most significant to mobile IT use? (Rank with 1 being the most significant; leave blank if you do not think that a challenge is significant at all.) Score* Overall Rank Connectivity issues (loss of cell signal) 453 1 Cost-effectiveness 405 2 Device maintenance and user support 359 3 Application maintenance and support 349 4 Poor/ineffective applications 348 5 Interoperability issues (software incompatibility) 333 6 Lack of security of collected data 279 7 Poor durability/lack of ruggedness 234 8 Quality of collected Data 211 9 Deploying devices to employees 202 10 Training requirements 193 11 End user resistance 189 12 Electronic signatures/approval 184 13 Battery life 166 14 Other 60 15 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts. If other, please write in here and give a brief description Count Response 1 Lack of strategic direction for overall use 1 Perception 1 Legacy systems upgrade cost to take advantage of mobile computing 1 It has a job to do. Before you can get it, it has to fill a need. Once you have that sorted out, then it’s money. Not cost-effectiveness. The money to get it to begin with. 24. When evaluating performance of the mobile IT devices, what metrics are considered? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Ag ilit y/f lex ibi lity fo r d esi red ... Co st- be ne fit an aly sis

60 Value Percent Count Efficiencies gained 75% 43 End user approval 68% 39 Agility/flexibility for desired tasks 61% 35 Durability and maintenance of devices 56% 32 Cost-benefit analysis 51% 29 Increase in quality 37% 21 Other 4% 2 Total 57 Statistics Total Responses 57 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 97 We are in our mobile infancy, just seeing the potential. Measur- ing would mean that you have enough mobile IT devices to start tracking by an objective measure. 1 25. Does your agency plan on expanding the number or use of mobile IT devices? (Please check one response.) Yes 64% No 2% Unsure 34% Value Percent Count Yes 64% 38 No 2% 1 Unsure 34% 20 Total 59 Statistics Total Responses 59

61 26. If Yes, what are the immediate plans? (Please check all that apply.) Deploy additional devices to current division Deploy additional devices to other divisions Purchase new devices Provide additional training Investigate more progressive devices and uses Optimize/ modify existing technologies used Develop new apps Other Responses Your division (refer to Ques- tion 3) 69% 22 66% 21 69% 22 59% 19 78% 25 66% 21 59% 19 0% 0 32 Agency (if known) 58% 19 85% 28 85% 28 61% 20 76% 25 73% 24 76% 25 0% 0 33 If Yes, what are the imme- diate plans? (Please check all that apply.) 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 If other, please write in here and give a brief description Count Response 1 Business decision, not IT 27. Which of the following opportunities are you most excited about for the future of technology in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Remote inspection technologies Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning Unmanned aerial vehicles Automated machine guidance system Wearable IT (e.g. Google Glass, iWatch) Augmented reality Other Value Percent Count Remote inspection technologies 72% 36 Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning 64% 32 Unmanned aerial vehicles 38% 19 Automated machine guidance system 36% 18 Wearable IT (e.g. Google Glass, iWatch) 18% 9 Augmented reality 12% 6 Other 2% 1 Total 50 Statistics Total Responses 50 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 97 Not sure 1