Uses of Mobile Information Technology Devices in the Field for Design, Construction, and Asset Management (2016)

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82 End User Responses SURVEY: NCHRP SYNTHESIS TOPIC 46-06 USAGE OF MOBILE IT DEVICES IN THE FIELD FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND ASSET MANAGEMENT 1. Does your agency use mobile IT devices in the field for design, construction, and asset management? (Please check one response.) Yes 95% No 5% Value Percent Count Yes 95% 19 No 5% 1 Unsure 0% 0 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20 2. What state transportation agency do you work for? (Please check one response.) Arizona 5% Florida 15% Georgia 5% Idaho 20% Louisiana 15% North Carolina 5% Ohio 15% Vermont 10% West Virginia 5% Wyoming 5% APPENDIX D End User Survey Results

83 Value Percent Count Alabama 0% 0 Alaska 0% 0 Arizona 5% 1 Arkansas 0% 0 California 0% 0 Colorado 0% 0 Connecticut 0% 0 Delaware 0% 0 Florida 15% 3 Georgia 5% 1 Hawaii 0% 0 Idaho 20% 4 Illinois 0% 0 Indiana 0% 0 Iowa 0% 0 Kansas 0% 0 Kentucky 0% 0 Louisiana 15% 3 Maine 0% 0 Maryland 0% 0 Massachusetts 0% 0 Michigan 0% 0 Minnesota 0% 0 Mississippi 0% 0 Missouri 0% 0 Montana 0% 0 Nebraska 0% 0 Nevada 0% 0 New Hampshire 0% 0 New Jersey 0% 0 New Mexico 0% 0 New York 0% 0 North Carolina 5% 1 North Dakota 0% 0 Ohio 15% 3 Oklahoma 0% 0 Oregon 0% 0 Pennsylvania 0% 0 Rhode Island 0% 0 South Carolina 0% 0 South Dakota 0% 0 Tennessee 0% 0 Texas 0% 0 Utah 0% 0 Vermont 10% 2 Virginia 0% 0 Washington 0% 0 West Virginia 5% 1 Wisconsin 0% 0 Wyoming 5% 1 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20

84 3. What division do you work for within your agency? (Please check one response.) Design 40% Construction 35% Maintenance 25% Value Percent Count Design 40% 8 Construction 35% 7 Maintenance 25% 5 Other 0% 0 IT 0% 0 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 20 4. What mobile IT device(s) does your agency issue (not including personally owned devices) for use in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ha nd he ld m ulti fu nc tio na l d ata ... GP S-e qu ipp ed di git al ca me ra La se r r an ge fin de r

85 Value Percent Count Laptops 80% 16 Smartphone 75% 15 Digital camera 75% 15 Handheld multifunctional data collectors (e.g., Trimble Yuma, Nomad, and Juno) 55% 11 Tablet 50% 10 GPS-equipped digital camera 30% 6 Mini-laptops 20% 4 Laser rangefinder 15% 3 Other 10% 2 None 0% 0 RFID readers 0% 0 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 18 Survey grade GPS 1 We are just getting started in the use of tablets. We have been using smartphones for approximately 1 year. 1 5. What operating system (OS) platform(s) does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) generally use? (Please check all that apply.) Windows 7 iOS (designed for mobile devices) Windows 8 (designed for laptops/desktops) Android OS (designed for laptops/desktops) Other I don't know Windows RT (designed for mobile devices) Blackberry 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

86 Value Percent Count Windows 7 80% 16 iOS (designed for mobile devices) 55% 11 Windows 8 (designed for laptops/ desktops) 30% 6 Android 25% 5 OS (designed for laptops/desktops) 25% 5 Other 15% 3 I don’t know 10% 2 Windows RT (designed for mobile devices) 5% 1 Blackberry 5% 1 Linux 0% 0 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 17 iPhone 1 Windows CE 1 Again, we just have one tablet that we have been trying/experi- menting with here in Lewiston, Idaho. 1 6. To what degree has your agency adopted/implemented mobile IT? (Please check one response.) High-level implementer 11% Medium-level implementer 37% Low-level implementer 52% Value Percent Count High-level implementer 11% 2 Medium-level implementer 37% 7 Low-level implementer 52% 10 Total 19 Statistics Total Responses 19

87 7. What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 0% 0 70% 14 5% 1 5% 1 20% 4 20 Agency (if known) 0% 0 80% 8 10% 1 0% 0 10% 1 10 What percentage of your projects/functions currently use mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 8. What percentage of your agency (division) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% >0–25% >25–50% >50–75% >75–100% Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 0% 0 75% 15 5% 1 0% 0 20% 4 20 Agency (if known) 0% 0 80% 8 10% 1 0% 0 10% 1 10 What percentage of your agency (division) employees are provided with mobile IT devices? 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0 9. What is (are) the main purpose(s) for your current use of mobile IT? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Tak e/v iew ge ota gg ed ph oto s Tak e/v iew ge ota gg ed vi de os

88 Value Percent Count Access and send e-mails 90% 18 Make phone calls/send text messages 75% 15 Access standards and manuals 60% 12 Record entry 55% 11 GPS/GNSS coordinates 40% 8 Collect spatial geometry 40% 8 View and edit plans 35% 7 Take/view geotagged photos 30% 6 Other 15% 3 GIS viewing 15% 3 View 3D models 10% 2 Take/view geotagged videos 5% 1 RFID/barcode scanning 0% 0 Total 20 Statistics Total Responses 20 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 18 GIS data collection 1 Take photographs in field 1 10. Considering the responses in Question 9, list specific tasks completed within each checked purpose; e.g., using geotagged photos to specifically identify and locate corrective work on a construction project. Count Response 1 Access Idaho Code for surveyors, survey with GPS 1 Access PDFs 1 Make phone calls/text messages to send current field conditions and problems 1 Quantity documentation, equipment usage, and diary records 1 Record entry from the field via Citrix to state network 1 To view plans, manuals, e-mails 1 Use GPS to track invasive species growth or reduction 1 Asset inventory 1 N/A 1 Laptops are used for construction diaries. Smartphones for photos. Data collection devices for GIS. 1 Most devices are used for communications back/forth to the office. Occasional use to review web-posted documents such as specifi- cations and occasionally PDF-based plans. Construction is implementing e-construction based on ProjectSolve. 1 Access standards—we use this as electronic specification book. Accessing the e-mail system saves time from having to travel back to the office. Phone calls save time and travel. Record entry— we use this to make entries into diaries and make payments to contractors on projects. 1 Take photographs of the future project site to help aid in the design. These are especially helpful to remember what things looked like. The phone is handy to call back to the office to ask questions about something or just in case somebody needs to get hold of you. We also gather GPS coordinates to specifically identify and locate work for a design project.

89 11. What applications does (do) your agency’s mobile IT device(s) use? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ag en cy -d ev elo pe d a pp lic ati on s Value Percent Count Microsoft Office 89% 16 SiteManager by AASHTO 61% 11 Adobe Pro 39% 7 Other 28% 5 Collector for ArcGIS 22% 4 Agency-developed applications 22% 4 Trimble TerraSync 22% 4 Trimble Inspector Pro 17% 3 Bentley ProjectWise Explorer Mobile 11% 2 BlueBeam (Revu, Vu, Xtreme) 11% 2 l don’t know 6% 1 ArcGIS for Windows Mobile 6% 1 ArcPad 6% 1 AutoCAD 360 6% 1 Bentley Navigator Mobile 0% 0 Bentley Structural Synchronizer View 0% 0 Bentley Field Supervisor 0% 0 ArcGIS Runtime SDKs 0% 0 SketchUp Mobile Viewer 0% 0 Trimble TerraFlex 0% 0 Trimble Contractor 0% 0 Autodesk BIM 360 (including Glue, Layout, and Field) 0% 0 Autodesk InfraWorks 360 0% 0 Autodesk ConstructWare 0% 0 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18

90 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 15 SharePoint, Google Maps with street view 1 SharePlus 1 Windows mobile, Trimble Survey Controller 1 iCx 1 There is software that I know we use but I don’t know what it is. Trimble for example. We use it. I don’t know what its specific name is. 1 12. Does your agency use purchased off-the-shelf, custom-developed, or purchased off-the-shelf and customized applications for your mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Purchased off- the-shelf or from app stores Custom developed in- house Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input Custom developed with a combined effort from consultants and agency employees Purchased off- the-shelf and then customized applications l don't know Value Percent Count Purchased off the shelf or from app stores 67% 12 Custom developed in-house 28% 5 Custom developed by a consultant with in-house input 28% 5 Custom developed with a combined effort from consultants and agency employees 22% 4 Purchased off the shelf and then custom- ized applications 33% 6 l don’t know 17% 3 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18

91 13. What type of applications is your agency deploying? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Web-based application (built on a browser using HTML5, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc. ) Native application (developed for a specific OS) Cross-platform SDKs (built using frameworks that allow for cross- platform native app development and deployment like Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) Value Percent Count Web-based application (built on a browser using HTMLS, JavaScript, Bookstrap, etc.) 85% 11 Native application (developed for a spe- cific OS) 54% 7 Cross-platform SDKs (built using frame- works that allow for cross-platform native app development and deployment like Adobe Air, PhoneGap, etc.) 31% 4 Total 13 Statistics Total Responses 13 14. Does your agency standardize mobile IT devices to be used across multiple business areas? (Please check one response.) Yes 47% No 6% Unsure 47%

92 Value Percent Count Yes 47% 8 No 6% 1 Unsure 47% 8 Total 17 Statistics Total Responses 17 15. Does your agency collaborate with other agencies in the development of mobile IT applications? (Please check one response.) Yes 22% No 28% Unsure 50% Value Percent Count Yes 22% 4 No 28% 5 Unsure 50% 9 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18 16. How does your agency deploy its devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Informal process ("give and go") Software-specific training and deployment Project-specific training and deployment Formal training process Other

93 Value Percent Count Informal process (“give and go”) 61% 11 Software-specific training and deployment 44% 8 Project-specific training and deployment 39% 7 Formal training process 39% 7 Other 6% 1 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 19 Don’t know 1 17. How does your agency deploy and update its applications? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Automatic program updates Download from the App Store End user responsibility Submit device for maintenance by request Request for end user acceptance of updates Submit device for maintenance per schedule Other Value Percent Count Automatic program updates 67% 12 Download from the App Store 33% 6 End user responsibility 28% 5 Submit device for maintenance by request 22% 4 Request for end user acceptance of updates 11% 2 Submit device for maintenance per schedule 11% 2 Other 6% 1 Download from the web 0% 0 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18

94 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 19 Don’t know 1 18. If your agency trains employees who are issued mobile IT devices, what level of training do they receive for their devices? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Brief overview of the device's functionality Software- specic training My agency does not currently have a training plan for users l don't know Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects User groups that share experiences and best practices Overview of functionality, rules and regulations for their use, and expectations for their use Value Percent Count Brief overview of the device’s functionality 56% 10 Software-specific training 44% 8 Overview of functionality, rules and reg- ulations for their use, and expectations for their use 22% 4 l don’t know 17% 3 My agency does not currently have a training plan for users 17% 3 Overview of functionality and how they have been used on other projects 11% 2 User groups that share experiences and best practices 6% 1 Other 0% 0 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 20

95 19. How are data shared within your agency? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Da ta are sy nce d t o a clo ud se rve r... Value Percent Count Device is synced to land-based servers where data are stored and shared 61% 11 Shared on projects with other stakeholders 50% 9 Stay within agency project 44% 8 Incorporated in project lessons learned 33% 6 Synthesized and centralized for future reference to entire agency 28% 5 Data are synced to a cloud server where they are stored and shared 22% 4 Stay with individual data collector 22% 4 Other 6% 1 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 19 Don’t know 1

96 20. When evaluating potential mobile IT devices, which selection criteria do you consider? (Rank with 1 being the most important; leave blank if you do not think that a criterion is important at all.) Score* Overall Rank Cost 113 1 Ease of use 96 2 Durability 95 3 Operating system 67 4 Security of data 64 5 Available native applications 63 6 Agency standard 56 7 Interoperability 52 8 Other 11 9 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts. Count Response 1 It has to do the job that needs done. If it can’t, other factors don’t matter. 21. What parties are involved in the selection of the mobile IT devices? (Please check all that apply.) IT professionals End users Purchasing agents Other 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 IT professionals End users Purchasing agents Other Value Percent Count IT professionals 94% 16 End users 82% 14 Purchasing agents 41% 7 Other 12% 2 Total 17 Statistics Total Responses 17 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 18 A fair amount of executive management input 1 Unknown 1

97 22. What do you believe is the overall return on investment (ROI) from your agency’s mobile IT use? [ROI = (benefit – cost)/(cost × 100)] (Please check one response.) >0-25% 25% >25-50% 30% >50-75% 19% >75-100% 13% Negative ROI 13% Value Percent Count Negative ROI 13% 2 >0–25% 25% 4 >25–50% 30% 5 >50–75% 19% 3 >75–100% 13% 2 100%+ 0% 0 Total 16 Statistics Total Responses 16 23. Which of the following challenges do you believe is most significant to mobile IT use? (Rank with 1 being the most significant; leave blank if you do not think that the challenge is significant at all.) Score* Overall Rank Cost-effectiveness 126 1 Connectivity issues (loss of cell signal) 114 2 Device maintenance and user support 97 3 Poor/ineffective applications 94 4 Deploying devices to employees 93 5 Application maintenance and support 93 6 Interoperability issues (software incompatibility) 88 7 Poor durability/lack of ruggedness 80 8 Training requirements 74 9 End user resistance 71 10 Quality of collected data 59 11 Battery life 55 12 Electronic signatures/approval 50 13 Lack of security of collected data 36 14 Other 28 15 *Score is a weighted calculation. Items ranked first are valued higher than the following ranks. The score is the sum of all weighted rank counts.

98 If other, please write in here and give a brief description. Count Response 1 Perception 1 It has a job to do. Before you can get it, it has to fill a need. Once you have that sorted out, then it’s money, not cost-effectiveness. The money to get it to begin with. 24. When evaluating performance of the mobile IT devices, what metrics are considered? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Ag ilit y/ fle xib ilit y f or de sir ed ta sk s Co st- be ne fit an aly sis Value Percent Count Efficiencies gained 65% 11 End user approval 65% 11 Durability and maintenance of devices 53% 9 Agility/flexibility for desired tasks 47% 8 Cost-benefit analysis 41% 7 Increase in quality 35% 6 Other 6% 1 Total 17 Statistics Total Responses 17 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 19 We are in our mobile infancy just seeing the potential. Measur- ing would mean that you have enough mobile IT devices to start tracking by an objective measure. 1

99 25. Does your agency plan on expanding its number or use of mobile IT devices? (Please check one response.) Yes 50%Unsure 50% Value Percent Count Yes 50% 9 No 0% 0 Unsure 50% 9 Total 18 Statistics Total Responses 18 26. If Yes, what are the immediate plans? (Please check all that apply.) Deploy additional devices to current division Deploy additional devices to other divisions Purchase new devices Provide additional training Investigate more progressive devices and uses Optimize/ modify existing technologies used Develop new apps Other Responses Your division (refer to Question 3) 86% 6 29% 2 71% 5 57% 4 86% 6 43% 3 43% 3 0% 0 7 Agency (if known) 60% 3 80% 4 80% 4 60% 3 80% 4 40% 2 60% 3 0% 0 5 If Yes, what are the immediate plans? (Please check all that apply.) 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0

100 27. Which of the following opportunities are you most excited about for the future of technology in the field? (Please check all that apply.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning Remote inspection technologies Unmanned aerial vehicles Automated machine guidance system Augmented reality Wearable IT (e.g., Google Glass, iWatch) Value Percent Count Handheld LiDAR/3D scanning 73% 11 Remote inspection technologies 60% 9 Unmanned aerial vehicles 33% 5 Automated machine guidance system 27% 4 Augmented reality 13% 2 Wearable IT (e.g., Google Glass, iWatch) 7% 1 Other 0% 0 Total 15 Statistics Total Responses 15 Responses “Other” Count Left blank 20