Appendix B
Panelists’ Biographies
LORD ALEC N. BROERS, FREng FRS, was president of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2001−2006) and played a significant role in the University of Cambridge’s rise as a major economic force and center of excellence for high technology and was vice chancellor from 1996 to 2003. He has always expressed strong views about the role of engineers in society, considering that any artificial barrier between engineering and the rest of science is just as damaging as the perceived division between the arts and sciences. He sees engineering and science as two sides of the same coin and believes that national engineering academies are ideally placed to drive home this message.
Lord Broers spent nearly 20 years of his career in research with IBM, working at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in New York, the East Fishkill Development Laboratory, and corporate headquarters.
When he arrived back in Cambridge, he set up a nanofabrication laboratory to extend the technology of miniaturization to the atomic scale. He also developed his research on using electrons, X-rays, and ultraviolet light in microscopy and on making microelectronic components.
Lord Broers has served on numerous national and international committees, including the UK government’s Council for Science and Technology, the NATO Special Panel on Nanoscience, and the NAE panel that selected the fourteen Grand Challenges for Engineering. He is a fellow of the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering, a foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering and Chinese Academy of Engineering, and an honorary fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering.
He has served on the board of directors of Lucas Industries, Vodafone, Plastic Logic, RJ Mears LLC, and Bio Nano Consulting and is currently on the board of FlexEnable.
On June 21, 2004, Her Majesty the Queen made him a life Peer in recognition of his contributions to engineering and higher education. He serves as a cross-bench member of the House of Lords and has chaired the select committee for Science and Technology and the Diamond Light Source.
Lord Broers received a first degree in physics from Melbourne University in 1959, a degree in electrical sciences from the University of Cambridge (after arriving initially as a choral scholar), and his PhD at the University of Cambridge in 1965.
FAROUK EL-BAZ is director of the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University and research professor in its Departments of Archaeology, Earth and Environment, and Electrical and Computer Engineering. He taught geology at Asyut University in Egypt (1958–1960) and the University of Heidelberg in Germany (1964–1966). From 1967 to 1972, he joined NASA’s Apollo program as supervisor of Lunar Science Planning and served as secretary of the Lunar Landing Site Selection Committee, chair of the Astronaut Training Group, and principal investigator for Visual Observations and Photography. From 1973 to 1982 he established and directed the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies at the US National Air and Space Museum and was selected by NASA as the principal investigator for Earth observations and photography on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project of 1975. In 1982 he became vice president for science and technology of Itek Optical Systems (Lexington, MA) until he joined Boston University in 1986 to apply remote sensing technology to archaeology, geography, and geology. He was science advisor (1978–1981) to the late Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt. He is known for pioneering work in the applications of space images to groundwater exploration in the arid lands of Egypt, Libya, Oman, Darfur, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). He served on the board of trustees of the Library of Alexandria, Egypt, and the Geological Society of America Foundation. The latter established the Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert Research and a companion Student Research Award to encourage and reward excellence in arid land studies. He is the recipient of numerous honors and awards, including the Nevada Medal of the Desert Research Institute, NASA’s
Apollo Achievement Award, the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, and the Arab Republic of Egypt Order of Merit, First Class. He presently serves on the Advisory Council of Senior Scientists and Technologists of President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi of Egypt.
WESLEY L. HARRIS is Charles Stark Draper Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and housemaster of New House Residence Hall at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he was previously associate provost (2008–2013) and head of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics (2003–2008).
Before coming to MIT he was a NASA associate administrator, responsible for all programs, facilities, and personnel in aeronautics (1993–1995); vice president and chief administrative officer of the University of Tennessee Space Institute (1990–1993); and dean of the School of Engineering and professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Connecticut, Storrs (1985–1990). In his early career at MIT (1972–1985) he held several faculty and administrative positions, including professor of aeronautics and astronautics.
Dr. Harris has done academic research associated with unsteady aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, rarefied gas dynamics, sustainment of capital assets, and chaos in sickle cell disease, and made seminal contributions in each field. In academia he worked with industry and governments to design and build joint industry–government–university research and development programs, centers, and institutes and transferred technology effectively. He is credited with more than 135 technical papers and presentations and has held a number of distinguished, endowed professorships and lectureships.
In addition, he has served as chair or member of various boards and committees of the National Research Council (NRC), National Science Foundation (NSF), US Army Science Board, and several state governments as well as committees of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), American Helicopter Society (AHS), and National Technical Association (NTA). He was a member of the board of trustees of Princeton University (2001–2005) and has been an advisor to other universities, colleges, and institutes.
He is an elected fellow of the AIAA, AHS, and NTA for personal engineering achievements, engineering education, management, and advancing cultural diversity, and has been further recognized by election to membership in the National Academy of Engineering, Cosmos
Club, and Confrérie des Chevaliers du Tastevin as well as several honorary doctorate degrees.
He earned a bachelor of science degree (with honors) in aerospace engineering from the University of Virginia in 1964, and master’s and PhD degrees in aerospace and mechanical sciences from Princeton University in 1966 and 1968 respectively.
CALESTOUS JUMA is a professor of the practice of international development and director of the Science, Technology, and Globalization Project at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, where he also directs Agricultural Innovation Policy in Africa and Health Innovation Policy in Africa projects, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. In addition, he is faculty chair of the Innovation for Economic Development and Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Africa executive programs as well as the Mason Fellows Program.
Dr. Juma is a former executive secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and founding director of the African Centre for Technology Studies in Nairobi. He cochaired the African Union’s High-Level Panel on Science, Technology, and Innovation and was a jury member for the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. He has won several international awards for his work on sustainable development and has been elected to the Royal Society of London, the US National Academy of Sciences, the World Academy of Sciences, the UK Royal Academy of Engineering, and the African Academy of Sciences. In addition, he serves on the boards of several international bodies including the Aga Khan University and the Pan-African University.
Dr. Juma has written widely on science, technology, and environment. He is editor of the International Journal of Technology and Globalisation and the International Journal of Biotechnology, and his next book, Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies, will be published by Oxford University Press in 2016. Pending book projects concern regional integration in Africa and innovation for economic development.
He holds a doctorate in science and technology policy studies.
DEAN KAMEN is an inventor, entrepreneur, and tireless advocate for science and technology. As an inventor, he holds more than 440 US and foreign patents, many of them for innovative medical devices that have
expanded the frontiers of health care worldwide. As an undergraduate he invented the first wearable infusion pump, and in his mid-20s he founded his first medical device company, AutoSyringe, Inc., to manufacture and market the pumps; within 5 years he had added a number of other infusion devices, including the first wearable insulin pump for diabetics.
In 1981 he founded DEKA Research & Development Corporation to develop internally generated inventions and to provide R&D for major corporate clients. He led the company’s development of the HomeChoice™ peritoneal dialysis system, which enables patients’ dialysis in the privacy and comfort of their home. Other notable developments include the Hydroflex™ surgical irrigation pump, the iBOT™ mobility device, and the Segway® Human Transporter. An advanced prosthetic arm currently in development for DARPA should advance the quality of life for returning injured soldiers.
Mr. Kamen has received many awards for his efforts. In 2000 he was awarded the National Medal of Technology for inventions that have advanced medical care worldwide and for innovative and imaginative leadership in awakening America to the excitement of science and technology. In 2002 he was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Prize. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997 and inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2005. He is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.
In addition to DEKA, one of his proudest accomplishments is the founding in 1989 of FIRST® (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), an organization dedicated to motivating the next generation to understand, use, and enjoy science and technology. This year FIRST will serve more than 300,000 young people, ages 6–18, in more than 50 countries High school–aged participants can apply for more than $15 million in scholarships from colleges, universities, and corporations. Studies have shown that FIRST alumni are highly motivated to pursue careers in science and engineering, thus fulfilling Mr. Kamen’s goal of inspiring the next generation of technological leaders.
ROBERT SOCOLOW is professor emeritus and (full-time) senior research scientist in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. He is the coprincipal investigator (with ecologist Stephen Pacala) of Princeton’s Carbon Mitigation Initiative
(www.princeton.edu/~cmi/), a 20-year (2001–2020) project supported by BP.
Dr. Socolow seeks new conceptual decade-scale frameworks useful for climate change policy. He and Pacala authored “Stabilization wedges: Solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies” (Science, August 13, 2004). With colleagues, he introduced the concept of “one billion high emitters,” the worldwide upper and middle class whose lifestyles dominate global change. He has championed CO2 capture and storage, energy efficiency in buildings, technological “leapfrogging” by developing countries, and policies that address the dangers of climate change “solutions,” notably nuclear weapons proliferation and misuse of the land. He currently is interested in “committed emissions” and “unburnable carbon”—implications of never producing attractive fossil fuels.
Dr. Socolow was a member of the NAE’s Grand Challenges for Engineering committee and the National Academies’ Committees on America’s Climate Choices and America’s Energy Future. He chaired the Panel on Public Affairs of the American Physical Society (APS), and was editor of Annual Review of Energy and the Environment (1992–2002).
In 2014 he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a fellow of the APS and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His awards include the 2009 Frank Kreith Energy Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the 2005 Axelson Johnson Commemorative Lecture award from the Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences of Sweden (IVA); and the 2003 Leo Szilard Lectureship Award from the APS “for leadership in establishing energy and environmental problems as legitimate research fields for physicists, and for demonstrating that these broadly defined problems can be addressed with the highest scientific standards.”
Dr. Socolow received his BA (summa cum laude, 1959) and PhD in theoretical high energy physics (1964) from Harvard University. He was an assistant professor of physics at Yale University from 1966 to 1971.
JACKIE Y. YING received her BE and PhD from the Cooper Union and Princeton University, respectively. She joined the MIT faculty in 1992, where she was a professor of chemical engineering until 2005. She has served as the founding executive director of the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology in Singapore since 2003. For her research on nanostructured materials, she has been recognized
with the American Ceramic Society Ross C. Purdy Award, David and Lucile Packard Fellowship, Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, NSF Young Investigator Award, Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, American Chemical Society Faculty Fellowship Award in Solid-State Chemistry, Technology Review’s Inaugural TR100 Young Innovator Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Allan P. Colburn Award, Singapore National Institute of Chemistry–BASF Award in Materials Chemistry, Wall Street Journal Asia’s Asian Innovation Silver Award, International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Jubilee Medal, Materials Research Society Fellowship, Royal Society of Chemistry Fellowship, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellowship, and Crown Prince Grand Prize in the Brunei Creative, Innovative Product and Technological Advancement (CIPTA) Award.
Professor Ying was elected a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader and a member of the German National Academy of Sciences, Leopoldina. She was named one of the One Hundred Engineers of the Modern Era by AIChE in its Centennial Celebration. She was selected by The Muslim 500 in 2012, 2013, and 2014 as one of the world’s 500 most influential Muslims, and an inaugural inductee to the Singapore Women’s Hall of Fame in 2014. She is the editor in chief of Nano Today, which has an impact factor of 15.000.
DAN VERGANO is a science reporter for BuzzFeed News, where he covers science happenings in Washington, DC, and an adjunct professor at New York University’s Washington campus, where he teaches journalism. He was formerly a senior writer-editor at National Geographic and before that senior science writer at USA TODAY. Dan was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard in 2007, where he concentrated on the intersection of science and politics. He has a BS in aerospace engineering from Penn State and an MA in science, technology, and public policy from George Washington University.
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