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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
×

Reaching and Investing in
CHILDREN at the MARGINS

Summary of a Joint Workshop
by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine;
Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step
Association (ISSA)

Charlee Alexander, Rapporteur

Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

Board on Global Health

Board on Children, Youth, and Families

Health and Medicine Division

Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by grants from Autism Speaks (unnumbered award); the Bernard van Leer Foundation (222-2012-043); The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1084405); the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; the Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development; Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal (unnumbered); Grand Challenges Canada (unnumbered); HighScope Educational Research Foundation (unnumbered); the Inter-American Development Bank (unnumbered); the Jacobs Foundation (2013-1079); Lumos; the National Institutes of Health—Fogarty International Center, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Mental Health; Nestlé Nutrition Institute (unnumbered); the Open Society Institute–Budapest Foundation (OR2013-10010); ReadyNation (unnumbered); the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Society for Research in Child Development (unnumbered); UNICEF (unnumbered); U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the World Bank (unnumbered). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-44101-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-44101-3
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/23491

Additional copies of this workshop summary are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and investing in children at the margins: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON REACHING AND INVESTING IN CHILDREN AT THE MARGINS1

LIANA GHENT, Director, International Step by Step Association (ISSA)

JODY HEYMANN, Dean, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles

GILLIAN HUEBNER, Senior Associate, Maestral International2

TINA HYDER, Deputy Director, Early Childhood Program, London, Open Society Foundations

PETRA KACIRKOVA, Country Director, Czech Republic, Lumos Foundation

SARAH KLAUS, Director, Early Childhood Program, London, Open Society Foundations

VESNA KUTLESIC, Director, Office of Global Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health

JOAN LOMBARDI, Senior Advisor, Bernard van Leer Foundation

ANN MASTEN, Distinguished McKnight University Professor, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

SIMON SOMMER, Head of Research, Jacobs Foundation

AMALIA WAXMAN, Consultant

__________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

2 Former Policy and Advocacy Director at Lumos Foundation until December 31, 2015.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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FORUM ON INVESTING IN YOUNG CHILDREN GLOBALLY1

ZULFIQAR A. BHUTTA (Co-Chair), Co-director, SickKids Centre for Global Child Health, Toronto, and Founding Director, Center of Excellence for Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University

ANN MASTEN (Co-Chair), Distinguished McKnight University Professor, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

J. LAWRENCE ABER, Willner Family Professor of Psychology and Public Policy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, and University Professor, New York University

AMINA ABUBAKAR, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme

LOLA ADEDOKUN, Program Director, Child Well-being and Director, African Health Initiative, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation

CONSTANZA ALARCÓN, Director, Fundación Alpina2

RAQUEL BERNAL, Professor and Director of the Center for Research on Economic Development, Universidad de los Andes

FLORENCIA LOPEZ BOO, Senior Social Protection Economist, Inter-American Development Bank

PIA REBELLO BRITTO, Senior Advisor, Early Childhood Development Unit, UNICEF

PAMELA Y. COLLINS, Director, Office for Research on Disparities, and Director, Global Mental Health and Office of Rural Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health

TRACY COSTIGAN, Senior Program Officer, Research Evaluation Learning Unit, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

GARY DARMSTADT, Associate Dean for Maternal and Child Health, and Professor in the Division of Neonatal and Developmental Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine

ANGELA DIAZ, Jean C. and James W. Crystal Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Director, Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center

RANA HAJJEH, Director, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

__________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

2 Former Colombian National Coordinator of the Intersectoral Commission for Early Childhood, Presidency of the Republic, Colombia, until December 31, 2015.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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JODY HEYMANN, Dean, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles

GILLIAN HUEBNER, Senior Associate, Maestral International3

VENITA KAUL, Director, School of Education Studies, and Director, Center for Early Childhood Education and Development, Ambedkar University, Delhi

SARAH KLAUS, Director, Early Childhood Program, London, Open Society Foundations

VESNA KUTLESIC, Director, Office of Global Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health

ALBERT LEE, Professor (Clinical), Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, and Director, Centre for Health, Education, and Health Promotion, Chinese University of Hong Kong

JOAN LOMBARDI, Senior Advisor, Bernard van Leer Foundation

STEPHEN LYE, Executive Director, Fraser Mustard Institute of Human Development, University of Toronto

KOFI MARFO, Professor and Foundation Director, Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University (South-Central Asia, East Africa, United Kingdom)

MARK MILLER, Director, Division of International and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health

HELIA MOLINA MILMAN, Vice Dean, Research and Development, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University de Santiago de Chile and Former Minister of Health, Chile

ARIEL PABLOS-MÉNDEZ, Assistant Administrator for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development

JANNA PATTERSON, Senior Program Officer, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

ALAN PENCE, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Chair, Early Childhood, Education, Care and Development and Professor, School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria

RUTH PEROU, Lead Behavioral Scientist, Office of the Director, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CHERYL POLK, President, HighScope Educational Research Foundation

EDUARDO QUEIROZ, Executive Director, Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal

JOSE SAAVEDRA, Global Chief Medical Officer, Nestlé Nutrition

__________________

3 Former Policy and Advocacy Director at Lumos Foundation until December 31, 2015.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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LORRAINE SHERR, Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology, University College London

ANDY SHIH, Senior Vice President, Scientific Affairs, Autism Speaks

KARLEE SILVER, President of Targeted Challenges, Grand Challenges Canada

SIMON SOMMER, Head of Research, Jacobs Foundation

TAHA E. TAHA, Professor, Epidemiology and Population, Family and Reproductive Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University

SUSAN WALKER, Professor of Nutrition, and Director, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Epidemiology Research Unit, University of the West Indies

SARA WATSON, National Director, ReadyNation, Council for a Strong America

AMALIA WAXMAN, Consultant

QUENTIN WODON, Advisor, Human Development Network, World Bank

HIROKAZU YOSHIKAWA, Courtney Sale Ross University Professor of Globalization and Education, New York University

Forum Staff

KIMBER BOGARD, Director, Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

CHARLEE ALEXANDER, Associate Program Officer

CARRIE VERGEL DE DIOS, Senior Program Assistant

FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Officer

PATRICK W. KELLEY, Director, Board on Global Health

Consultant

JOCELYN WIDMER, University of Florida

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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BOARD ON GLOBAL HEALTH1

THOMAS C. QUINN (Chair), National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

JO IVEY BOUFFORD, New York Academy of Medicine

GARY DARMSTADT, Stanford University School of Medicine

JACOB A. GAYLE, Community Affairs, Medtronic Foundation

GLENDA E. GRAY, South African Medical Research Council

STEPHEN W. HARGARTEN, Global Health Program, Medical College of Wisconsin

CLARION JOHNSON, Private consultant

ALAN I. LESHNER, American Association for the Advancement of Science

MYRON M. LEVINE, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine

GUY H. PALMER, School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University

ANNE C. PETERSEN, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan

DAVID VLAHOV, University of California, San Francisco, Schools of Nursing and Medicine

__________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s boards do not review or approve individual products. The responsibility for the content of the workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES1

ANGELA DIAZ (Chair), Departments of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

SHARI BARKIN, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University

THOMAS F. BOAT, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati

W. THOMAS BOYCE, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia

DAVID A. BRENT, Western Psychiatric Institute and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

DAVID V. B. BRITT, Retired Chief Executive Officer, Sesame Workshop

DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours Health and Prevention Services

PATRICK H. DELEON, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

ELENA FUENTES-AFFLICK, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco General Hospital

EUGENE E. GARCIA, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers’ College, Arizona State University

J. DAVID HAWKINS, School of Social Work, University of Washington

JEFFREY W. HUTCHINSON, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

JACQUELINE JONES, Foundation for Child Development

ANN S. MASTEN, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota

VELMA McBRIDE MURRY, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University

BRUCE S. McEWEN, The Rockefeller University

MARTIN J. SEPULVEDA, IBM Corporation

__________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s boards do not review or approve individual products. The responsibility for the content of the workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Reviewers

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:

Radosveta Dimitrova, Stockholm University, Sweden

Deepa Grover, UNICEF

Venita Kaul, Ambedkar University, Delhi

Mark Miller, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Floyd Bloom, Professor Emeritus of The Scripps Research Institute. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
×

Acknowledgments

The planning committee and project staff deeply appreciate the many valuable contributions from individuals who assisted us with this project. First, we offer our profound thanks to all of the presenters and discussants at the workshop who gave so generously of their time and expertise. These individuals are listed in full in the workshop agenda in Appendix B. We are also grateful to the many participants who attended the workshop. The engagement of all those in attendance was robust and vital to the success of the event.

In addition, the forum wishes to recognize the sponsors that supported this activity. Financial support for this project was provided by Autism Speaks; the Bernard van Leer Foundation; The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; the Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development; Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal; Grand Challenges Canada; HighScope Educational Research Foundation; the Inter-American Development Bank; the Jacobs Foundation; Lumos; the National Institutes of Health—Fogarty International Center, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Mental Health; Nestlé Nutrition Institute; Open Society Institute–Budapest Foundation; ReadyNation; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Society for Research in Child Development; UNICEF; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the World Bank.

Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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A NOTE ABOUT THE COVER ART

The Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally is committed to confronting the challenges and harnessing the opportunities surrounding the global nature of integrating the science of health, education, nutrition, and social protection. One of the ways the forum has committed itself to being global in scope is through the workshops that occur in different regions throughout the world. The cover design is intended to embrace the diversity in place, culture, challenges, and opportunities associated with forum activities at each of the workshops, but this global trajectory is done keeping in mind the momentum that comes in connecting these diverse locales to one another through the work of the forum. The bright orange dot represents the location of the workshop this report summarizes, and the lighter orange dots represent workshop locations across the first 3 years of the forum. The dotted orange line suggests that the forum will link what was gleaned from the convening activities from this workshop to the next. We would like to thank Jocelyn Widmer for her contributions to the cover design.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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4 THE EFFECT OF DISCRIMINATION AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION ON YOUNG ROMANI CHILDREN

Risk and Protective Factors Affecting the Early Development of Romani Children

The Roma Early Childhood Inclusion Study: Results from the Czech Republic

A Policy Perspective on the Effects of Discrimination on Young Romani Children

A Research Reaction on the Effects of Discrimination on Young Romani Children

Breakout Session on the Effects of Discrimination and Social Exclusion on Young Romani Children

5 GLOBAL EFFORTS TO INCLUDE CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AND DISABILITIES IN RESEARCH AND POLICY AGENDAS

Special Needs, Special Rights

Early Childhood Intervention: Global Survey Results

Policy and Program Perspectives from Albania

Policy and Research Perspectives from Macedonia

Policy Perspective from Georgia

A Regional Perspective on Prevention

Breakout Session on Children with Developmental Delays and Disabilities

6 REFUGEE, IMMIGRANT, AND MIGRANT CHILDREN

A Global View of Forcibly Displaced Persons Worldwide

The Mother Child Education Foundation, Turkey: Working Across Research, Practice, and Policy

Child Migrants in the United States—An Advocacy Perspective

The Transatlantic Forum on Inclusive Early Years

Breakout Session on Migrant, Immigrant, and Refugee Children

7 COMBINING THE SCIENCE OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT WITH QUALITY MEASUREMENT TO SUPPORT EARLY CHILDHOOD PROGRAMS AND POLICIES

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Inventory

The Guide for Monitoring Child Development

The International Development and Early Learning Assessment

The Violence Against Children Surveys and the THRIVES Technical Package

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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Page xxii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23491.
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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2015-2030 strive for a world that is "just, equitable, and inclusive," in which everyone receives care, education, and opportunities to thrive. Yet many children are living on the margins of society, face multiple disadvantages, and are excluded from full participation in all that life has to offer. To examine the science, economics, and politics of investing in the health, education, nutrition, and social protection of children at the margins, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Prague, Czech Republic in November 2015. Held in partnership with the Open Society Foundations and the International Step by Step Association, the workshop convened a diverse group of stakeholders from around the world for 2 days of discussion. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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