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107 A P P E N D I X D Telecommunications Options for Offshore Drilling and Production Operations for Connections to Onshore Headquarters Support Centers
Te ch no lo gy O pt io n B an dw id th R an ge St an da rd Co m m un ic at io n Li nk a D ri lli ng b Pr od uc tio nc Vi de oc on fe re nc in gd Re qu ire m en ts Th e st an da rd b an dw id th fo r an o ffs ho re p la tfo rm is 5 to 10 M bp s b ut is p ro je ct ed to ris e to 2 0 M bp s. If de m an d fo r v id eo co m m un ica tio ns fro m o ffs ho re in st al la tio ns in cr ea se s, re qu ire d ba nd - w id th co ul d ris e to 1 00 M bp s. In st an t m es sa gi ng ta ke s l es s t ha n 1 Kb ps , w hi le a Vo IP ca ll re qu ire s 56 K bp s. Dr ill in g to ol s a re ca pa bl e of ta kin g di re ct io na l s ur ve ys an d tra ns m itt in g da ta to th e su rfa ce in re al ti m e; th e lo ca tio n of th e w el lb or e ca n be ca lcu la te d by u sin g m ea su re m en ts o f i nc lin at io n, az im ut h, a nd to ol fa ce . Si m ila rly , d ril lin g to ol s c an ta ke m ea su re m en ts o f fo rm at io n pr op er tie s a fte r da ta a re se nt to th e su rfa ce an d as se m bl ed in to a lo g. Da ta tr an sm iss io n ra te s w ill de pe nd o n th e ap pr oa ch us ed . SC AD A sy st em s h av e be en in op er at io n fo r y ea rs a nd ca n us ua lly b e m ig ra te d to h ig h- sp ee d ne tw or ks a nd o pe n no np ro pr ie ta ry p ro to co ls w ith p la nn in g an d st ud y o f av ai la bl e op tio ns . Sy st em s d es ig ne rs m us t b e fa m ili ar w ith is su es o f fu nc tio na lit y, tra ns m iss io n de la ys , p ol lin g cy cle s, da ta pr oc es sin g re qu ire m en ts , an d av ai la bl e te ch no lo gi es . In a dd iti on , p ro pr ie ta ry a nd ve nd or -s pe cifi c p ro to co ls an d pr og ra m s s ho ul d be av oi de d at a ll co st s i n lie u of op en st an da rd s a nd e as ily in te rc ha ng ea bl e so ftw ar e an d ha rd w ar e fro m o ne ve nd or to a no th er . Fo r D TS , a fi be r-o pt ic ca bl e ca n be u se d bo th a s s en so r a nd fo r c om m un ica tio ns a t v er y hi gh tr an sm iss io n sp ee ds . St an da rd -d efi ni tio n vid eo w or ks a t 1 M bp s, bu t H D vid eo re qu ire s 4 M bp s a nd HD X ne ed s m or e th an 7 M bp s; u su al to ta l b an d- w id th re qu ire m en t f or a ll ap pl ic at io ns o n a dr ill in g rig is 2 to 4 M bp s.
M icr ow av e M icr ow av e ca n ra ng e fro m 5 12 Kb ps to 5 M bp s, de pe nd in g on th e co m m un ica tio ns p at h. M icr ow av e is lim ite d by li ne - of -s ig ht li nk s, an d ho ps a re us ua lly li m ite d to a bo ut 2 0 m ile s u nt il a re pe at er st at io n is ne ed ed in th e ne tw or k. Ye s Th ro ug h th e us e of m icr ow av e te le co m m un ica tio ns te ch no l- og y, da ta a re tr an sp or te d via w av el en gt hs th at m ea su re le ss th an 1 m et er . M icr ow av e co m m un ica tio ns so lu tio ns of fe r m or e ba nd w id th fo r da ta b ut a re re st ric te d to sh or te r d ist an ce s b ec au se of si gn al a tte nu at io n. M icr ow av e te le co m m un ica tio ns ar e of te n ch os en fo r l oc at io ns th at a re n ea r e ac h ot he r, su ch a s a cl us te r o f f ac ili tie s on a fi el d. Us ua lly n ot ca pa bl e of h an dl in g vid eo se ss io ns o ve r t he lo ng di st an ce s t o a sh or eb as e or on sh or e op er at io ns ce nt er . Sa te lli te Co m m er cia l s at el lit e In te rn et ba nd w id th ca n ra ng e fro m 20 0 M B pe r d ay to 2 5 GB p er m on th . A sh ar ed d ow nl oa d ca rri er m ay h av e a bi t r at e of 1 to 4 0 M bp s, to b e sh ar ed by 1 00 to 4 ,0 00 e nd u se rs . Th e hi gh es t-c ap ac ity co m - m un ica tio ns sa te lli te h as a to ta l t hr ou gh pu t c ap ac ity o f 14 0 Gb ps fo r a ll us er s. Ye s Th e m os t w id el y c ho se n so lu tio n fo r o ffs ho re co m m un ic at io ns , s at el lit e co m m un ic at io ns re qu ire a VS AT a t t he o ffs ho re si te , a b ro ad ba nd sa te lli te co nn ec tio n in sp ac e, a nd a te le po rt on sh or e. A va ila bl e an yw he re in th e w or ld , sa te lli te se rv ic es a re u se d m an y t im es fo r v es se ls th at m ay b e on th e m ov e or fo r ex tre m el y r em ot e lo ca tio ns . Ye s, bu t i n se ve ra l o pe ra tin g re gi on s ( N or th S ea , G ul f o f M ex ico , G ul f o f T ha ila nd , no rth w es t c oa st o f A us tra lia ) of th e w or ld , fi be r-o pt ic ca bl es o ffe r a n al te rn at ive fo r fi xe d pl at fo rm s. On ly ba sic ca pa bi lit y u nl es s op er at or in ve st s t he m on ey to u pg ra de se rv ice s; iss ue s of la te nc y a nd sh ar in g ba nd w id th w ith re al -ti m e ap pl ica tio ns m us t b e co ns id er ed . (co nt in ue d on n ex t p ag e)
Fib er Fib er -o pt ic ne tw or ks o pe ra te un de r s ta nd ar ds su ch a s 10 Ba se -F , 1 00 Ba se -F , F DD I, 1, 00 0B as e- F, an d 10 Gb as e an d in cl ud e ba nd w id th ca pa cit y i n th ei r d efi ni tio ns â fro m 1 0 M bp s t o 10 G bp s. Ye s Dr ill in g rig s a re u su al ly in re m ot e lo ca tio ns w he re ge tti ng fi be r t o th e rig is ex pe ns iv e. A lth ou gh it is lim ite d be ca us e ca bl es m us t b e ru n fro m p oi nt to po in t, fib er is a n op tim al co m m un ic at io ns so lu tio n fo r c lu st er ed fa ci lit ie s o r of fs ho re lo ca tio ns th at a re in h ig h- tra ffi c a re as , s uc h as th e N or th S ea o r t he U .S . Gu lf of M ex ic o. A ls o, fi be r ca bl es a re u se d to tr an sm it da ta b et w ee n su bs ea tr ee s, m an ifo ld s, ju m pe rs , s le ds , an d co nt ro ls vi a um bi lic al s. Ye s, an d us e of th is op tio n is in cr ea sin g in so m e op er at in g ar ea s. Of te n fib er ca n be la id fo r i nt er na l fi el d op er at io ns , bu t V SA T m us t b e us ed to co nn ec t t o sh or eb as e. Ye s N o t e : M bp s = m eg ab it s pe r se co n d; K bp s = ki lo bi ts p er s ec on d; V oI P = v oi ce o ve r In te rn et p ro to co l; SC A D A = s u pe rv is or y co n tr ol a n d da ta a cq u is it io n ; D T S = di st ri bu te d te m p er at u re s u rv ey s; H D = h ig h d efi n it io n ; M B = m eg ab yt e; G B = g ig ab yt e; G bp s = gi ga bi ts p er s ec on d ; F D D I = fi be r- d is tr ib u te d d at a in te rf ac e; V SA T = v er y sm al l ap er tu re te rm in al . a V oi ce , i n st an t m es sa gi n g, W i- Fi , a n d ce ll ph on e. b F or e xa m pl e, m ea su re m en ts w h ile d ri lli n g, lo gg in g w h ile d ri lli n g, d ir ec ti on al . c F ie ld a u to m at io n , S C A D A , e qu ip m en t h ea lt h m on it or in g. d V id eo fr om r ig fl oo r an d H D c am er as o n c ri ti ca l e qu ip m en t, c lo se d- ci rc u it te le vi si on , m on it or in g of r em ot el y op er at ed v eh ic le s. So u r c e : G en er at ed b y th e co m m it te e. Te ch no lo gy O pt io n B an dw id th R an ge St an da rd Co m m un ic at io n Li nk a D ri lli ng b Pr od uc tio nc Vi de oc on fe re nc in gd
