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Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry (2016)

Chapter: Study Committee Biographical Information

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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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Suggested Citation:"Study Committee Biographical Information." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23524.
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214 Nancy T. Tippins is a principal consultant at CEB, where she manages the firm’s development and execution of strategies related to job analy- sis, competency development, employee selection, assessment, and leadership development. Dr. Tippins oversees the teams that develop legally and professionally compliant tools, administrative processes, and delivery platforms to meet client staffing, assessment, and succes- sion planning requirements. She also conducts executive assessments and provides expert support in litigation. Dr. Tippins is active in pro- fessional affairs. She has a long-standing involvement with the Soci- ety for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP), for which she served as president (2000 to 2001). In addition, she served on the Ad Hoc Committee on the Revision of the Principles for the Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures (2003) and cochairs the current revision committee. She also served on the Joint Committee to Revise the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and represented the United States on the International Organisation for Standardization 9000 committee, whose efforts focused on establishing international test- ing standards. Dr. Tippins is a fellow of SIOP, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Society and is involved in several private-industry research groups. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. in industrial and organizational psychology from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and holds an M.Ed. in counseling and psycho- logical services from Georgia State University. Deborah A. Boehm-Davis is dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences and university professor in the Psychology Department at George Mason University. Prior to joining the university in 1984, she worked on applied cognitive research at General Electric, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Ames Research Cen- ter, and Bell Laboratories. She also served as a senior policy advisor for human factors at the Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Boehm-Davis Study Committee Biographical Information

Study Committee Biographical Information 215 has served as president of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychology Division and of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. She is an associate editor for Human Factors and serves on the editorial boards of Theo- retical Issues in Ergonomics Science and the Journal of Cognitive Engineer- ing and Decision Making. She is a fellow of APA, the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, and the International Ergonomics Association. Dr. Boehm-Davis holds an A.B. in psychology from Douglass College, Rutgers University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. John S. Carroll is Gordon Kaufman professor of management and a professor of work and organization studies at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology (MIT). He taught in the psychology departments of Carnegie–Mellon University and Loyola University of Chicago and was a visiting associate professor at the University of Chicago Gradu- ate School of Business before joining the Sloan School faculty in 1983. His research focuses on individual and group decision making; the relationship between cognition and behavior in organizational con- texts; and the processes that link individual, group, and organizational learning. His current projects are examining organizational safety issues in high-hazard industries such as nuclear power, aerospace, and health care; the focus of this work includes leadership, self-analysis and organizational learning, safety culture, communication, and sys- tems thinking. Dr. Carroll has consulted for several organizations in the nuclear power industry on issues of operations, management, and safety culture. He taught in the MIT-BP Operations Academy on issues of group decision making, organizational learning, and process safety. He also advises Sloan MBA teams conducting analyses of orga- nizations undergoing change as part of the “Organization Processes” course. Dr. Carroll has published four books and numerous articles in several areas of social psychology and organization studies. He holds a B.A. in physics from MIT as well as an M.A. and a Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University. Elmer P. (Bud) Danenberger III retired from the U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, in January 2010 after a 38-year career at the district, regional, and headquarters levels. From

216 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry 2004 until his retirement, he served as chief, offshore regulatory pro- grams, with responsibility for safety, environmental, and conservation standards for offshore oil and gas operations; regulatory, enforcement, and engineering programs for oil and gas operations in federal waters; standards, regulations, and monitoring programs for renewable energy and alternative uses of offshore facilities; management of research pro- grams assessing petroleum and renewable energy development capabili- ties and risks; direction of accident investigations; and coordination of offshore and regulatory activities with oil and gas producers, contractors, federal and state agencies, and international partners. Mr. Danenberger has worked in all four U.S. Outer Continental Shelf regions: Gulf of Mexico, Alaska, Pacific, and Atlantic. He served a long-term detail with Petronas, the national oil company of Malaysia, and co-founded the International Regulators’ Forum, a network of offshore safety regulatory authorities. He initiated a quantitative rating system to measure safety and pollution prevention performance and co-authored legislation lead- ing to offshore renewable energy and alternative use authority. He has also worked closely with industry officials to address mooring system, struc- tural, and pipeline issues associated with hurricanes. Mr. Danenberger has received numerous awards, including the Department of the Interior’s Distinguished Service Award and the U.S. Coast Guard’s Meritorious Public Service Award. He earned an M.S. in environmental pollution control with a focus on energy-related environmental issues, mineral economics, and water pollution control, and a B.S. in petroleum and natural gas engineering, both from Pennsylvania State University. David A. Hofmann is professor of organizational behavior at the Uni- versity of North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School. Dr. Hofmann conducts research on leadership, organizational and work group safety climates, and organizational factors that affect the safety behavior and performance of individual employees. His research has contributed sig- nificantly to the scientific foundation for tools used to assess the safety and organizational climates of organizations—such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration after the Columbia accident— and to help plan interventions for improving safety climate. His research has appeared in the Academy of Management Journal, the Academy of Management Review, the Journal of Applied Psychology, the Journal of Management, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,

Study Committee Biographical Information 217 and Personnel Psychology. Dr. Hofmann has published and has forth- coming numerous book chapters on leadership, safety issues, and multilevel research methods. In 2003, he edited a scholarly book on safety in organizations (Health and Safety in Organizations: A Multilevel Perspective), and he has a second edited book on Errors in Organiza- tions, which is forthcoming. He has received the American Psychologi- cal Association’s Decade of Behavior Award and the Society of Human Resource Management’s Yoder-Heneman Award and has been a Ful- bright Senior Scholar. Before arriving at the University of North Car- olina at Chapel Hill, Dr. Hofmann was a faculty member at Purdue University, Texas A&M University, and Michigan State University. He consults, conducts applied research, and leads executive workshops for a variety of government organizations and private corporations. He served as a member of the National Academy of Engineering’s Com- mittee to Analyze the Causes of the Deepwater Horizon Explosion, Fire, and Oil Spill to Identify Measures to Prevent Similar Accidents in the Future. Dr. Hofmann holds a Ph.D. in industrial and organizational psychology from Pennsylvania State University. William C. Hoyle was a senior investigator for the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). He served as an expert advisor on all aspects of incident investigation, with particular focus on safety culture, high-reliability organizations, international safety best prac- tices, confidential no-blame hazard reporting programs, and safety met- rics. He initiated and designed the CSB public hearings on international safety case regimes and process safety indicators; served as an investi- gator of the Deepwater Horizon disaster, with emphasis on regulatory reform and organizational performance–culture; and authored the CSB investigation policies on worker participation, family involvement, and causal analysis. He was a member of the American Petroleum Institute’s Pipeline Safety Management Systems Committee, and was an expert advisor on safety culture assessments and process safety for the Califor- nia Governor’s Task Force on Refinery Safety. From 1998 to 2008, he was the investigations manager and before that the recommendations manager at CSB, during which time he directed more than 30 major incident and two safety studies; designed and managed CSB’s investiga- tion and recommendations programs, including investigator hiring and training; served as a member of the Center for Chemical Process Safety

218 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Technical Steering Committee (2000 to 2002); and advised the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration on BP Alaskan Pipeline safety culture initia- tives (2006 to 2008). Mr. Hoyle retired from CSB in 2008 and worked as an independent safety consultant before returning to CSB in 2010, from which he retired in 2015. Prior to his work at CSB, he was a safety specialist, trainer, and process operator at Amoco Oil Company’s Salt Lake City Refinery. Robert Krzywicki was global practice leader of the core employee safety consulting practice for DuPont Sustainable Solutions (DSS) until his retirement in December 2013. Before assuming that position, he was managing director—North America operations for DSS in the North America Region. He had been with DSS for 13 years. Prior to his DSS assignment, Mr. Krzywicki held a variety of safety and opera- tions roles at the site, regional, and corporate levels involving a range of responsibilities, including capital program delivery, safety program man- agement, product development, business development, and business management. Mr. Krzywicki has more than 32 years of experience at the DuPont Company. He represented the company on national com- mittees such as the American National Standards Institute’s Construc- tion Users Roundtable and committees of the Construction Industry Institute and the Joint EU–U.S. Conference on Occupational Safety and Health. He has authored numerous trade journal articles and is a frequent conference speaker. Mr. Krzywicki has worked across a num- ber of industries, including nuclear, engineering–construction, electric utilities, mining, chemical–petrochemical, and oil and gas. He earned a B.S. in mathematics from Randolph–Macon College in 1973. Todd R. LaPorte is professor emeritus, Department of Political Science, at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), where he was also asso- ciate director of the Institute of Governmental Studies (1973 to 1988). He received his B.A. from the University of Dubuque (Iowa) (1953), and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Stanford University (1962). He held faculty posts at the University of Southern California and Stanford University as well as at UCB. Dr. LaPorte teaches and publishes in the areas of organization theory; technology and politics; and the organiza- tional and decision-making dynamics of large, complex, technologically

Study Committee Biographical Information 219 intensive organizations as well as on public attitudes toward advanced technologies and the challenges of governance in a technological society. He was a principal of the Berkeley High-Reliability Organization Proj- ect, serving as a member of a multidisciplinary team that studied the organizational aspects of safety-critical systems such as nuclear power, air traffic control, and nuclear aircraft carriers. His research is focused on the evolution of large-scale organizations that operate technologies that must have a very high level of operating reliability (nearly failure- free performance) across a number of management generations, as well as on the relationship of large-scale technical systems to political legiti- macy. This work took him to Los Alamos National Laboratory (1998 to 2003), where he was involved in examining the institutional chal- lenges of multigeneration nuclear missions. Most recently, Dr. LaPorte has taken up questions of crisis management in the face of new types of threats emerging from the nation’s sustained engagement with radical Islam. In a parallel effort, he is examining the institutional evolution of a critical element in the nation’s meteorological monitoring capac- ity and Earth observation system—the development of the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Department of Defense in cooperation with the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration. He was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, and research fellow at Wissenschaftszentrum (Sciences Center) Berlin and the Max Planck Institute for Social Research, Cologne. In 1985, he was elected to the National Academy of Public Administration. He has served on a number of editorial boards and on the steering committee of the Large Technical Systems International Study Group. He has also served on the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), chairing its Task Force on Radioactive Waste Man- agement, and on the Technical Review Committee, Nuclear Materials Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. He has con- sulted with DOE and the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, and currently is a faculty affiliate, Decision Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory. Karlene H. Roberts is professor emerita at the Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. She is also

220 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry chair of the Center for Catastrophic Risk Management at Berkeley. Since 1984, Dr. Roberts has investigated the design and management of organizations and systems of organizations in which error can result in catastrophic consequences. She has studied both organizations that have failed and those that have succeeded in this category. The sectors and industries in which she has worked include the military, commercial marine transportation, health care, railroads, petroleum production, commercial aviation, banking, and community emergency services. She has consulted in the areas of human resource manage- ment, staffing policies, organizational design, and the development of cultures of reliability. Recently, she has consulted with the military, in the health care industry, in software development, in the energy indus- try, and in the financial and insurance industries. Dr. Roberts testified before the Columbia Accident Investigation Board and recently testified to the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board. She is a fellow in the American Psychological Association and the Academy of Manage- ment. She has contributed to policy formation for the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Navy, the Depart- ment of Energy, and the Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, and she received the 2011 Academy of Management Practice Impact Award. Dr. Roberts earned her bach- elor’s degree in psychology from Stanford University and her Ph.D. in industrial psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. She also received the docteur honoris causa from the Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseilles III. Peter K. Velez is an independent consultant in the offshore oil and gas industry. Prior to his retirement in late 2012, he was global emer- gency response manager for Shell International Exploration and Pro- duction. His assignments at Shell, where he had been employed since 1975, included drilling engineer; civil engineer; division civil engineer; operations superintendent; production superintendent; manager, pro- duction engineering—Gulf of Mexico; manager, health, safety, and environment—Gulf of Mexico; manager, regulatory affairs; manager, regulatory affairs and incident command for Shell U.S. and Ameri- cas; and global security manager. As an incident commander for Shell, he responded to major incidents in the Gulf of Mexico and onshore involving oil spills, hurricanes, fires, explosions, and other events. He

Study Committee Biographical Information 221 has received the U.S. Coast Guard’s (USCG) Meritorious Public Ser- vice Award and Medal (the highest award to a civilian), the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) Distinguished and Meritorious Service Award, and the Offshore Operators Recognition Award, among others. Mr. Velez was appointed by the Secretary of Transportation to the USCG National Offshore Safety Advisory Committee, on which he served for 7 years (the last 4 years as chair). He is a member of the board of directors of the Marine Preservation Association (the largest oil spill response organization in the United States). He is active in various trade association groups and has served as chair of the API Executive Committee on Drilling and Producing Operations, chair of the API Executive Committee on Environmental Conservation, and chair of the Louisiana Health, Safety, and Environment Committee. He has been a member of the API Standards Group and API Safety Committee and chaired the API committee that, with the Minerals Management Ser- vice, developed Recommended Practice 75, “Safety and Environmental Management Program for Offshore Operations.” Mr. Velez holds B.S. (1974) and M.S. (1975) degrees in civil engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Timothy Vogus is associate professor of management at the Owen Graduate School of Management. He was recently named one of the 50 most influential business professors of 2013 and previously was named one of the Top 40 Business School Professors under 40 by PoetsandQuants.com. He also received the Owen Graduate School of Management Research Productivity Award in 2013. His teaching was recognized with the James A. Webb, Jr., Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2007 and 2013. Dr. Vogus previously taught organizational behavior at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, and in 2002–2003 received the Gerald and Lillian Dykstra Fellowship for Teaching Excellence. His research specifies the mechanisms through which organizations create and sustain a culture of safety as well as how they achieve highly reliable (i.e., nearly error-free) performance through mindful organizing—a set of behaviors by which collectives detect and correct errors and unexpected events. Understanding how and under what conditions safety culture and mindful organizing are built is important in explaining why some organizations perform so much bet- ter than others. Dr. Vogus is especially interested in these dynamics in

222 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry health care settings and their effects on the incidence of medical errors at the point of care delivery. He also serves on the editorial board of Organization Science. Before his academic career, Dr. Vogus worked with the Ford Motor Company in the area of human resources and health care management. Prior to that, he was a business process analyst for Andersen Consulting (now Accenture). Dr. Vogus holds a B.A. in polit- ical economy and Spanish from Michigan State University and a Ph.D. in management and organizations from the University of Michigan. James A. Watson IV (Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard [USCG], retired) is president and chief operating officer of the Americas Division of the American Bureau of Shipping. Prior to undertaking this appointment in 2013, Rear Admiral Watson was director of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). In this position, he was respon- sible for promoting safety, protecting the environment, and conserving resources through the regulatory oversight and enforcement of off- shore operations on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. Before joining BSEE, Rear Admiral Watson served as USCG’s director of prevention policy for marine safety, security, and stewardship, with responsibilities that included commercial vessel safety and security, ports and cargo safety and security, and maritime investigations. Notably, he was desig- nated federal on-scene coordinator for the government-wide response to the Macondo oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in June 2010. Rear Admiral Watson graduated in 1978 from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy with a B.S. in marine engineering and earned an M.S. from the University of Michigan in mechanical engineering and naval architecture and a mas- ter’s degree in strategic studies from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Warner Williams has retired as vice president of Chevron North America Exploration and Production Company’s Gulf of Mexico business unit, where he was responsible for Chevron’s offshore shelf and deepwater production operations and shelf exploration activities. Mr. Williams received his bachelor’s degree in petroleum engineering from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in 1974 and a master’s degree in petroleum engineering from the University of Southern California (USC) in 2013. He joined Chevron as a produc- tion engineer in 1974 and progressed through assignments of increasing

Study Committee Biographical Information 223 responsibility. In 1990, he was named manager of engineering training at Chevron’s Drilling Technology Center in Houston. In 1992, he became production manager for Chevron Overseas Petroleum Inc. in the Dem- ocratic Republic of Congo. In 1994, Mr. Williams was named general manager, production and geothermal operations, for Amoseas Indonesia, a joint venture of Chevron and Texaco. In 1997, he was named general manager of international relations in Washington, D.C., and served as a registered lobbyist, and a year later he was appointed general man- ager of the Southern Africa Strategic business unit for Chevron Over- seas Petroleum Inc. In November 2000, Mr. Williams was named to lead the team that merged Chevron’s and Texaco’s worldwide oil explo- ration and production assets into the newly formed ChevronTexaco Corp. He was named vice president of health, environment, and safety for ChevronTexaco Corp. upon the company’s formation in 2001. In 2003, Mr. Williams was named vice president of Chevron’s North America Exploration and Production Company’s San Joaquin Valley business unit. In this capacity, he was responsible for Chevron’s oil and gas production in California. He was named vice president of Chevron’s North America Exploration and Production Company in 2008. He also served as president of the Chevron Gulf of Mexico Response Company, LLC. Mr. Williams is active on the boards of the American Association of Blacks in Energy and the Viterbi School Engineering Board of Coun- cilors (University of Southern California). He also serves as a director for the Valley Republic Bank. ISBN 978-0-309-36986-2 9 780309 369862 9 0 0 0 0 A Report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

ISBN 978-0-309-36986-2 9 780309 369862 9 0 0 0 0 A Report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

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TRB Special Report 321: Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry offers recommendations to industry and regulators to strengthen and sustain the safety culture of the offshore oil and gas industry. A supplemental product titled Beyond Compliance provides an executive-level overview of the report findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

The committee that prepared the report addresses conceptual challenges in defining safety culture, and discusses the empirical support for the safety culture definition offered by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, the nine characteristics or elements of a robust safety culture, methods for assessing company safety culture, and barriers to improving safety culture in the offshore industry.

The committee’s report also identifies topics on which further research is needed with respect to assessing, improving, and sustaining safety culture. Download the Report in Brief or the TR News article for a summary of the report.

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