ADVANCING
CONCEPTS AND MODELS FOR
MEASURING INNOVATION
Proceedings of a Workshop
Christopher Mackie, Rapporteur
Committee on National Statistics
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS500 Fifth Street, NWWashington, DC 20001
This activity was supported by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics of the National Science Foundation through a grant to the National Academy of Sciences. This grant (No. SES-1024012) provides support for the work of the Committee on National Statistics from a consortium of federal agencies. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-44951-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-44951-0
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/23640
Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Advancing Concepts and Models for Measuring Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23640.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org.
Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other convening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit nationalacademies.org/whatwedo.
STEERING COMMITTEE AND STAFF FOR THE WORKSHOP ON ADVANCING CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AND STI INDICATOR SYSTEMS
SCOTT STERN (Chair), Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ASHISH ARORA, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University
MARYANN FELDMAN, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina
CHRISTOPHER MACKIE, Study Director
ANTHONY MANN, Program Coordinator
COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL STATISTICS
LAWRENCE D. BROWN (Chair), Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
FRANCINE BLAU, Department of Economics, Cornell University
MARY ELLEN BOCK, Department of Statistics (emerita), Purdue University
MICHAEL CHERNEW, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School
JANET CURRIE, Department of Economics, Princeton University
DONALD DILLMAN, Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University
CONSTANTINE GATSONIS, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University
JAMES S. HOUSE, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
THOMAS MESENBOURG, U.S. Census Bureau (retired)
SUSAN MURPHY, Department of Statistics and Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
SARAH NUSSER, Office of the Vice President for Research, Iowa State University
COLM O’MUIRCHEARTAIGH, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago
RUTH PETERSON, Criminal Justice Research Center, Ohio State University
ROBERTO RIGOBON, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
EDWARD SHORTLIFFE, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University and Arizona State University
CONSTANCE F. CITRO, Director
BRIAN HARRIS-KOJETIN, Deputy Director
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This workshop proceedings has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that the proceedings meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings: Carter Bloch, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Denmark, and Javier Miranda, Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications, U.S. Census Bureau.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Lawrence Brown, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Appointed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents
2 ASSESSING INNOVATION MEASUREMENT
The Purpose of Indicator Frameworks and Undermeasured Aspects of Innovation
International Indicator Standards—The Oslo Manual and the Community Innovation Survey
Innovation and Productivity: Recent Puzzles
3 INNOVATION BEYOND R&D AND OTHER CONVENTIONAL INPUT MEASURES
Expanding Surveys to Reveal Additional Information about Innovation Processes
Changing Divisions of Labor in Innovation
4 THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS (AND NETWORKS OF INDIVIDUALS) IN INNOVATION
Knowledge Diffusion, Employee Mobility, and Entrepreneurship
Moving beyond Patents to Exploit New Data and Methods to Study Innovation
Measuring Flows of Human Capital to Firms and the Role of University Administrative Data
5 MEASURING PUBLIC-SECTOR INNOVATION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
6 REGIONAL INNOVATION MODELS AND DATA NEEDS
Regional Measures of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Lessons from Administrative and Other Data Sources about Regional Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Innovation Data and Analysis to Inform Regional Policy
7 INNOVATION MEASUREMENT AGENDAS OF THE FUTURE
The Character and Distribution of Innovation Activities and Outcomes
Linking Patent Metrics to Other Indicators
Innovation Initiatives at the Statistical Agencies
Leveraging Nonsurvey, Local Data Sources
