TABLE E-1 Multivariate Model Results of Burn Pit Exposure Variables and Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes
Asthma (N = 36,446) | Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, or COPD (N = 35,383) | Any Respiratory Symptoms (N = 39,271) | Functional Limitation Due to Lung Problem (N = 37,903) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Near Burn Pit | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.24 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.53 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | * |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * |
Q 4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | * | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * |
Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * |
Q 4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.0 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * |
Smoke Hours | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.07 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | * | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | * |
Q 4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 | * | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | * | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.1 | * |
Hypertension (N = 36,770) | CAD, MI, or Angina Pectoris (N = 35,740) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Near Burn Pit | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.74 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.40 |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.04 |
Q 4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.2 | * |
Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.02 |
Q 3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | * | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.00 |
Q 4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | * |
Smoke Hours | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | * | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | * |
Q 3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | * |
Q 4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.2 | * |
NOTES: The first quartile is the reference group. CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LCL = lower confidence level; MI = myocardial infarction; OR = odds ratio; P = p-value; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile; UCL = upper confidence level.
* Denotes p-value <0.01.
TABLE E-2 Model Estimates of Plausible and Implausible Levels of Burn Pit Exposure on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes
Asthma (N = 36,446) | Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, or COPD (N = 35,383) | Any Respiratory Symptoms (N = 39,271) | Functional Limitation Due to Lung Problems (N = 37,903) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Plausible Near Burn Pit | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.68 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.20 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | * | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.26 |
Q 3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.64 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.93 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | * | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.06 |
Q 4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.65 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.01 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.28 |
Implausible Near Burn Pit | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.51 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.35 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.51 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | * |
Q 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.31 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.51 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.04 |
Q 4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.88 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.18 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | * | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.17 |
Plausible Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | * |
Q 4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * |
Implausible Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.92 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | * | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.04 |
Q 3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | * | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | * | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | * | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | * |
Q 4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | * | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | * | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | * | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | * |
Plausible Smoke Hours | ||||||||||||||||
Q 2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.19 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | * |
Q 4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | * | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 | * | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.9 | * |
Hypertension (N = 36,770) | CAD, MI, or Angina Pectoris (N = 35,740) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Plausible Near Burn Pit | ||||||||
Q 2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | * | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | * |
Q 3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.13 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | * |
Q 4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | * | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | * |
Implausible Near Burn Pit | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.37 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.98 |
Q 3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | * | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.02 |
Q 4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.01 |
Plausible Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.01 |
Q 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.31 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.35 |
Q 4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | * | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
Implausible Burn Pit Duty | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.47 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.94 |
Q 3 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.28 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.76 |
Q 4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.28 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.19 |
Plausible Smoke Hours | ||||||||
Q 2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.01 |
Q 3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | * |
Q 4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | * |
NOTES: The first quartile is the reference group. CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LCL = lower confidence level; MI = myocardial infarction; OR = odds ratio; P = p-value; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile; UCL = upper confidence level.
* Denotes p-value <0.01.
TABLE E-3 Multivariate Model Results of Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes by Exposure Category and Level
Asthma | Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, or COPD | Any Respiratory Symptoms | Functional Limitation Due to Lung Problem | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCI | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Burn Pits | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.31 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.03 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.07 |
2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | * | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * |
3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | * | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | * |
4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.0 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * |
5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | * | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.4 | * | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 | * | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | * |
6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.1 | * | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.9 | * | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.0 | * | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.5 | * |
Diesel/Exhaust/Fuel | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.01 |
2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | * | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * |
4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | * | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * |
5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | * | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | * | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.5 | * | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | * |
6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | * | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.5 | * | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.8 | * | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | * |
Construction | ||||||||||||||||
3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.05 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | * |
6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | * | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * |
Dust | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.64 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.51 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.09 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.48 |
2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.01 |
3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | * | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | * | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | * | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | * |
4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | * | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.0 | * | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.3 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | * |
5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.0 | * | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 | * | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 | * | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.2 | * |
6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.2 | * | 2.5 | 2.0 | 3.1 | * | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.8 | * | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.7 | * |
Combat | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.27 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.20 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.49 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.22 |
2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * |
3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | * | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.9 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * |
4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | * | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.4 | * | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.0 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * |
5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | * | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.7 | * | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.3 | * | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.0 | * |
1.9 | 1.7 | 2.2 | * | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.3 | * | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.1 | * | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | * |
Hypertension | CAD, MI, or Angina Pectoris | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Burn Pits | ||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.89 |
2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.48 |
3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.00 |
4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.07 |
5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | * | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | * |
Diesel/Exhaust/Fuel | ||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.0 | * |
2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.7 | 1.3 | 2.3 | * |
3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.5 | * |
4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.03 |
5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.9 | * |
6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | * | 2.5 | 1.7 | 3.5 | * |
Construction | ||||||||
3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.04 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.04 |
6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | * | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | * |
Dust | ||||||||
1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.31 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.92 |
2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.21 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.42 |
3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.11 |
4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 0.05 |
5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | * | 2.0 | 1.3 | 3.1 | * |
6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.0 | * | 2.3 | 1.5 | 3.7 | * |
Combat | ||||||||
1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.10 |
2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.11 |
3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | * | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 0.01 |
4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | * | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | * |
5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | * | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | * |
6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | * | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.8 | * |
NOTES: The unexposed group is the reference group. CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LCL = lower confidence limit; MI = myocardial infarction; OR = odds ratio; P = p-value; UCL = upper confidence limit.
* Denotes p-value <0.01.
TABLE E-4 Multivariate Model Results of Composite Exposure Potential Measure and Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes
Composite Exposure | Asthma (N = 36,446) | Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis or COPD (N = 35,383) | Any Respiratory Symptoms (N = 39,271) | Functional Limitation Due to Lung Problem (N = 37,903) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Q 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | * | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | * |
Q 3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | * | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | * | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.0 | * | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | * |
Q 4 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | * | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | * | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.9 | * | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 | * |
Composite Exposure | Hypertension (N = 36,770) | CAD, MI, or Angina Pectoris (N = 35,740) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | LCL | UCL | P | OR | LCL | UCL | P | |
Q 2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.07 |
Q 3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | * | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.9 | * |
Q 4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | * | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.6 | * |
NOTES: The first quartile is the reference group. CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LCL = lower confidence level; MI = myocardial infarction; OR = odds ratio; P = p-value; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile; UCL = upper confidence level.
* Denotes p-value <0.01.